Scribd Logo
Hochladen

Willkommen bei Scribd!

  • Minimum Object Distance (MOD) and Close-Up Rings For Lenses - Effective Focal Ratio

    Hochgeladen von

    amanpss
    157 Ansichten2 Seiten
    Minimum object distance refers to the shortest distance between the lens and object that can be brought into focus. If the object is closer than the minimum object distance, refocusing is needed. The minimum object distance depends on the lens design and manufacturer. Close-up rings can be used to extend the image distance and circumvent the minimum object distance limitation, allowing smaller objects to be viewed. However, using close-up rings reduces the lens's luminous power. While close-up rings make macro photography possible with standard lenses, imaging errors increase when the close-up limit is undercut.

    Originalbeschreibung:

    Minimum Object Distance (MOD) and Close-up Rings for Lenses - Effective Focal Ratio

    Originaltitel

    Minimum Object Distance (MOD) and Close-up Rings for Lenses - Effective Focal Ratio

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Verfügbare Formate

    PDF, TXT oder online auf Scribd lesen

    Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

    Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

    Dieses Dokument melden
    Minimum object distance refers to the shortest distance between the lens and object that can be brought into focus. If the object is closer than the minimum object distance, refocusing is needed. The minimum object distance depends on the lens design and manufacturer. Close-up rings can be used to extend the image distance and circumvent the minimum object distance limitation, allowing smaller objects to be viewed. However, using close-up rings reduces the lens's luminous power. While close-up rings make macro photography possible with standard lenses, imaging errors increase when the close-up limit is undercut.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Als PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    157 Ansichten2 Seiten

    Minimum Object Distance (MOD) and Close-Up Rings For Lenses - Effective Focal Ratio

    Hochgeladen von

    amanpss
    Minimum object distance refers to the shortest distance between the lens and object that can be brought into focus. If the object is closer than the minimum object distance, refocusing is needed. The minimum object distance depends on the lens design and manufacturer. Close-up rings can be used to extend the image distance and circumvent the minimum object distance limitation, allowing smaller objects to be viewed. However, using close-up rings reduces the lens's luminous power. While close-up rings make macro photography possible with standard lenses, imaging errors increase when the close-up limit is undercut.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Als PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    von 2

    Minimumobjectdistanceandcloseuprings

    Anothertermfrequentlyindicatedbyopticsmanufacturersistheminimumobjectdistance(MOD).Itreferstotheshortest
    workingdistancebetweentheforemostlensandthemotivewhichcanstillbefocusedusingthefocusringonthelens.
    Raysoflightfromtheobjectincidinginparallelallcoincideinthefocalpointoftheopticsonthesensorside.Ifthetest
    objectcomesclosertotheoptics,youhavetorefocus,sincetheshorterdistancemakesthegeneratedimagemove
    furtherandfurtherawayfromthelens.Whenfocusingthecloserange,thelensgroupisthereforemovedawayfromthe
    sensor.
    TheMODstronglydependsonthelensdesignandthemechanicsoftheopticsandisclearlymanufacturerspecific.
    Classicstandardlensesfromonemanufacturer,forinstance,canhaveacloseuplimitof200mm,whereaslensesfroma
    differentmanufacturerhaveanMODof350mm.
    Inprinciple,theminimumobjectdistancedependsonthefocallengthandthusstronglyonthedepthoffieldofthelens.
    EspeciallywideanglelensesthereforehavealowerMOD.Asthedepthoffieldcanbeincreasedbystoppingdownthe
    optics,theMODcanalsobereducedalittlebitinthisway.However,thisworksoutbetterwhenusingcloseuprings.

    CloseupringstoundercuttheMOD

    Theinsertionofcloseupringsbetweenconnectionthreadandcameraenlargestheimagedistance,i.e.thedistance
    betweensensorandlensgroup.Thistrickservestocircumventthecloseuplimitofthelens:byfurtherreducingthe
    workingdistance,theobjectfieldsizecanbereducedfarther.Viewingsmallimagedetails(e.g.9mmx6mm)withsimple
    standardlensesispossibleinthiswayandcanbeaninexpensivealternativetomacrooptics.Closeupringsare
    universallyapplicablefordiverselensesandarepartofthestandardequipmentofanimageprocessor.

    Thesmallertheworkingdistance,themorecloseupringsmustbeadded.Awizardforthecalculationofcloseup
    ringscanbefoundinthe"Service"area.
    Thelargerthecloseuplimitfortheopticsused,themorecloseupringsarerequiredinordertoviewthesame
    imagedetail.
    Themorecloseupringsareadded,themoretheluminouspoweroftheopticsdecreases.Acalculationof
    theeffectivefocalratiocanbefoundinthe"Service"area.

    Significanceoftheminimumobjectdistance(MOD)

    Byacleverarrangementandcombination,opticsmanufacturerssucceedinproducingaffordablelenseswithreasonable
    effort,whichhaveasfewimagingerrorsaspossible.Dependingonthefocallength,differentrefractiveconvergingand
    diverginglensesareusedinvariouscombinations.Thelocationofthesystemaperture,too,andfurthermechanic
    mountingedgeshaveaninfluenceonthelimitationoftheopticalpathattheimagemarginandthereforehaveagreat
    influenceontheimagequalityanddistortion.Besides,lensgroupscanmovetowardseachotherortothesensorposition
    indifferentwayswhenfocusinginordertoensureanidealimagequality.
    Normallylensesaredesignedinsuchawaythattheymaintaintheirimagingqualityuptoanimagingscaleof
    approximately1:20.Ifthecloseuplimitisundercutartificially,theobjectmaybedepictedlargerbutimagingerrorslike
    distortion,astigmatismandcomastronglyincrease.
    Whetherthenormallenscanalsobeusedasinexpensivemacroopticsbymeansofcloseupringsandwhetheritmeets
    therequirementsforerrordetectionandmeasuringaccuracy,mustbedecidedbytheuser.

    Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen