DESIGN OF REACTANGULAR OVER HEAD WATER TANK

Name of work :pkn

1 Tank size
L=
6.00
2 Height of tower from G.L. =
6.00
3 Saturated soil unit wt
17.00
4 Wind pressure
=
1.00
5 Size of columns
= 0.30 x
6 Permissible stress:7 Conrete
M
20
cc
5

cbc

Steel

fy

sc

9 Nominal Cover
10 Wall Thickness
11 Reinforcement
(A) For Water Tank
Long wall
In side near corner Horizont
in side middle horizontal
Out side middle horizontal
Short wall
In side near corner Horizont
Out side middle horizontal
Distribution
Slab
Short span
Long span
(B ) For Ring Beam
Bottom main 1st tier
Bottom main 2nd tier
Top main
distribution 2 ldge strirrups
(C) For columns
Main vertical
Leteral distribution
(D) For Braces
Main
Distribution
(E) For Bottom Beam
Main
Distribution
(F) For Raft foundation
Main
Distribution

7
415
190
30

220

x
B=
4.00
x
H=
m
Foundation from G.L.
kN/m3
N/m3
2
kN/m
Nomber of colums
0.30 m
Height of Braces

N/mm
N/mm2
2

N/mm2
mm
mm

concrete unit wt.

m
Q
J

sc
(Columns)
Water unit wt
Bottom Slab thickness

3.00

1.00

m
m

4.00
3.00

No.
m

24

kN/m3

72000

24000

13.33
0.669
0.903
150
9.80
300

N/mm2
kN/m3

mm

20

mmbars

150

20
20

mmbars
mmbars

150
300

mm c/c
1.00
m height
above the base, near corners.
mm c/c
upto top
mm c/c
upto top

20
20
10

mmbars
mmbars
mmbars

150
300
230

mm c/c
mm c/c,
mm c/c

mmbars
mmbars

mm c/c
mm c/c,

mmbars
mmbars
mmbars
mmbars
mmbars

Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
mm c/c
mm c/c

mmbars

mm c/c

mmbars
mmbars

mm c/c
mm c/c

(water tank)

upto top
upto top
vertical

Both top and bottom

0.30

12 Base

mmbars

#REF!

mm c/c in both direction

C
20

mm

20 mm

150 mm c/c

150 mm c/c

4.00

220
20 mm

300 mm c/c

mm
20 mm

20 mm
20 mm

150 mm c/c

20 mm
10 mm

300 mm c/

20 mm

20 mm
10 mm

300 mmc/c

300 mm c/c

300 mmc/c

230 mmc/c
(d)

230 mm c/c both side

150 mm c/ (d+e)

10 mm

20 mm

10 mm

150 mmc/c

300 mmc/c

150 mmc/c

20 mm

### mmc/c

B
Bars(c)
300
Section plan at depth of H/4 or 1 mt.

Section on CD

D
6.00

220
mm

Bar(a)

20

mm

300 mm c/c

230 mm c/c

Bar(b)

20

mm

300 mm c/c

230 mm c/c

Bar(c)

20

mm

300 mm c/c

Bar(d)

20

mm

300 mm c/c

Bar(e)

10

mm

230 mm c/c

20 mm
10 mm

600 mm c/c

10 mm
20 mm

3.00
300 mm c/c
8 mm

### mm c/c both way

300

Bar F
Section on AB

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

Itr

N/m3

(water tank)

DESIGN OF REACTANGULAR OVER HEAD WATER TANK

1
2
3
4
5
6

Name of work:pkn
Tank size
Height of tower from G.L.
Satureted soil unit wt.
Wind pressure
Size of columns
Permissible stress:Concrete
M
cc
cbc
Steel (HYSD)

6.00
6.00
17.00
1.00
0.30
20
5
7
415
190
30

fy
sc

Nominal cover

1 Design Constants:- For HYSD Bars

cbc
st

150

x
4.00 x
3.00
m
72.00 cum
m
Foundation from G.L. 1.00 m
kN/m3
17000 N/m3
Noumber of columns = 4.00
x 0.30 height of braces
= 3.00 m
Unit wt of cocnrete
m
2
N/mm
Q
2
N/mm
J
sc
N/mm2 (Columns)
mm
unit wt. of water
Cocrete M =

20

7 N/mm2

st

N/mm2

190

=
###
= 13.33
= 0.669
= 0.903
= 150
= 9.80
=
wt. of concrete =

72000

N/m3

N/mm2
N/mm3

24000 N/mm2

m 13.3
st
N/mm2

230 N/mm2

k =
j

0.384
0.872

k =
j=

0.329
0.890

k =
j =

0.289
0.904

1.171

R=

1.026

R =

0.913

(For Tank)
9800

2 Design of vertical wall

(A) Determination of B.M. for horizontal bending :-6.00 /
4.00 =
1.50 <
2
L/B
=
Hence Both long and short walls will bend horizontally for upper portion, upto poin D, where horizontal water
pressure is p=w(H-h).
h = 1.00 m
Here h = H/4 or 1 m which ever is greater

Thus top 2.00 m height of walls will be bend horizontally while the bottom 1.00 m will bend as
vertical cantilever . The bending moments for horizontal bending may be determined by moment
distribution by considering tank as continuos frame of unit height at level of D.
19600
9800 (
3.00 - 1.00 )=
Water pressure p at point D is given by =p= w (H - h ) =
PL2
P
x 6.00 2'=
=
3.00 P N-m
12
12
PB2
P
x 4.00 2'=
Fixed end moments for short wall
=
=
1.33 P N-m
12
12
Refer fig 1. Consider quarter frame FAE with joint A rigid. Taking clock wise moment as positive and anticlock
wise moment as negative, the fixed end moment M AF for long wall will be
+
3.00 P while the fixed end
end moments MAF for short wall will be
- 1.33 P Considreing Area A and moment of inertia l for
The Fixed end moments for long wall

both the walls to be the same, the stiffness of walls will be inversely proportional to these length.
Thus we have following table.
Relative stiffness
Sum
Distribution factor
Member
Stiffness
2
1
1
AE
x 6.00 =
2
=
0.4
5
3
3
5
3
1
1
AF
x 6.00 =
3
=
0.6
5
2
2
The moment distribution is carried out in the following table.
A
Joint
AE
Member
0.4
Distribution facvtor
Fixed end moments

3.00

AF
0.6
1.33 p

Fixed end moments

3.00

Balancing moments

0.667

Final moments

2.33

1.33 p
1

2.33 p

2.33 x 19600 = 45733 N-m/m

This support moment will cause tension at the water force.
p L2
### x
6.00 2
B.M. at the center long span =
Mf
"=
45733
=
42467
8
8
This bending moment cause tension at outer face.
p B2
### x
4.00 2
B.M. at the center short span =
Mf
"=
45733
=
-6533
8
8
42467
=
This will cause tension at the water face. Max. design B.M.
Hence moment at supports, Mf=

(B) Design of section :-

Considring bending effect alone,

Required depth
Provide total depth T=

190

42467 x
1.171 x
30 =

1000
=
1000
220 mm

190

mm

190 mm

so that available d =

(C) Determination pull :Direct tension on Long wall = PL = P x B/2 =

19600

4.00 /

Direct tension on short wall = PL = P x B/2 =

19600

6.00 /

39200
58800

(D) Cantilever Moment :-

Cantilever moment atb the base, per unit length .

h2
9800 x
4.00 x
1.00 2
= wH x
=
6533 N-m
6
6
This will cause tension at water face.
(E) Reinforcement at corners of long walls.:The upper portion of long walls is subjected to both bending in
horizontal direction as well as pull. The reinforcement for both will be in horizontal direction. Hence
reinforcement has to be provided for a net moment (M F - Px ), where Mf is the moment at ends (causing
tension on water face). Similarly vertical section of unit height ( 1 m) of long wall, at its end, at the level of
1.00 m above the base , where reinforcement is provided at the water face.
T
220
x= d=
190
=
80 mm
2
2
Mf - Pl x
45733 x
1000 ) ### x
80
Ast for B.M. =
=
=
1714 mm2
150 x
0.872 x
190
st.j.d
PL
39200
Ast for pull =
=
=
261
mm2
s
150
Total Ast
=
1714 +
261 =
1975 mm2 per meter height.
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 20 x 20
=
= 314
4 x100
4
x
100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x
314
/ 1975 =
159
say
= 150 mm
mm bar, @
20
Hence Provided
150 mm c/c. The above reinforcement is to be provided at
using 20

mm bars

inner face, near the corners, and at a height

1.00 m above the base. For other height the above spacing
may be varied, since bending moment will reduce.
(F) Reinfocement at the middle of long wall. :Tension occurs at outer face. However, since distance of corner of steel from
water face will be less than
225 mm, permissible stress will be
150 N/mm2 only. Design constants
will be
k=
0.384
j = 0.872
R = 1.171
Design B.M. =
42467
N-m per meter height. Also PL
=
39200
N

42467 x
1000 ) ### x
80
=
1582 mm2
150 x
0.872 x
190
PL
39200
Ast for pull =
=
=
261
mm2
s
150
Total Ast
=
1582 +
261 =
1843 mm2 per meter height.
2
3.14xdia
3.14 x 20 x 20
using 20 mm bars
A
=
=
= 314
4 x100
4
x
100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x
314
/ 1843 =
170
say
= 170 mm
This is very near to the reinforcement provided at ends.Hence provided
20 mm bars 150
1.50 m form ends.
c/c. Bend half the bars provided at ends, outwards.at distance L/4 =
mm

bars
provided @
300
This reinforcement is to be provided at outer face. The additional 20
are continued upto the end.
Ast for B.M.

M - Pl x

st.j.d

(G) Reinforcement for shorts walls.:B.M. at ends=Mf =

Ast for B.M.

M - PB x

st.j.d

Ast for pull

Total Ast

using 20

mm bars

Direct pull pu =
45733 N-m
45733 x
1000 ) ### x
80
150 x
0.872 x
190
PL
58800
=
=
392
mm2
s
150
1651 +
A

Spacing of Bars = 1000

392 =
3.14xdia2
=
4 x100
x
314
/

58800
=

1651

N
mm2

2043

mm2 per meter height.

3.14 x 20 x 20
=
= 314
4
x
100
2043 =
154
say
= 150 mm

Hence provide
mm f bars @
20
150 mm c/c at inner face near the ends of short span.
The B.M. at the center of short walls cause tension at water face (unlikethat in the center of long walls where
tension is produced at outer face ).since this B.M. is small, only nominal reinforcement is required. Similarlly,
we have to provide nominal reinforcement at outer face,. Hence bend half bars outward at distance B/4=
m from each end, and continue remaning half tjrought. Thus at the center of span, the reinforcement on each
face will consist of
20
mm bars @
300 mm c/c.
(H) Reinforcement for cantilever moment and distribution reinforcement.:max. cantilever moment=
6533 N-m
6533
x
1000
Ast =
=
263
mm2
150
x 0.872 x
190
0.3
But minimum reinforcementin vertical direction
=
x( 220 x 1000 )= 660
mm2
100
Since half of this area of steel can reist cantilever momnt, we will provide
= 330 mm2 steel area vertically
on the inner face and remaining area i.e.=
330 mm2 vertically at outer face to serve as distribution
reinforcment. Area of steel on each face =
330 mm2.
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 10 x 10
using 10 mm bars
A
=
=
= 78.5
4 x100
4
x
100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 78.5 / 330 =
238
say
= 230 mm
mm bar, @
10
Hence Provided
230 mm c/c on out side face, at bottom of long wall
2 Design of Horizontal slabe :(A) Loading and B.M. :Ratio of l/b

6.00 /

4.00 =

1.50 <

Two way slab

=
300 mm
x ### = 7200 N/m
x 9800 = 29400 N/m
= 2000 N/m
= 38600 N/m
mm we have

Let the thickness of slab (for purpose of calculating the self weight)

Load due to self weight of Slab

Load due to water
Super imposed live load

Taking effective depth

=
=
=

1
x
1.00 x 0.30
1
x
1.00 x 3.00
1
x
1
x 2000
Total load per meter run
= 300
30
=
270

Ly =

6.00

This is case
2
Mx = x.wlx
2
My = y.wlx
(B) Design of section
for short span :-

0.30 =
r
=

6.30 m and lx =
ly / lx =
6.30 /
=

4.00 +
4.30 =

4.30 m

of table 10.6, from which a x

0.089

x 38600 x

4.30 =

63521

63521000

0.06

x 38600 x

4.30 2=

39968

39968000

0.089

0.30 =
1.47
andy =

0.056 (see table)

63521
1.0 m width for calculation purpose.an B.M. =
Assuming bearing =
300 mm
63521000

Effective depth required

=
=
= 270
0.913 x 1000
Rxb
From point of stiffness (deflection)point of veiw, span / effective depth Ratio = 20
k. cbc
7
0.289 x
For a balanced design,
=
x
100 =
x 100 = 0.44
percentage reinforcement
2st
x 230
2
taking

N-mm
mm

=
0.4 %
However using under reinforcement section, and taking p
We have from modification factore =
1.4
for HYSD bars
span
4300
span
=
20
x
1.4
hence, d =
= 154
mm
28 = 28
depth
Hence provided total thickness = 300 mm using 8 mm bars and a nomonal cover
30
=
300 30
Available depth for short span
4
= 266 mm
= 266 8
= 258 mm
for long span
for short sapn, width of middle strip
= 3/4 ly =
3
/
4
x 6.30 = 4.73 m
4.73 )
width of edge strip
= 0.500 x( 6.30 = 0.79 or 787.5
63521000
BM
(Ast)x =
=
=
1149
mm2
230 x
0.90 x 266
st x j x D
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 16 x 16
using
16 mm bars
A
=
=
= 201
4 x100
4
x
100
Pitch s = =
1000 x As / A
=
1000 x 201 /
1149 = 174.9
say = 175
Hence Provided 16 mm bar, 170 mm c/c for middile strips of width 4.73 m
bent half bars at distance = 0.15 l =
0.15 x
4.30 = 0.645 or 640 mm
from the center of support, or at a distance of
640 +
150 = 790 mm from the edge of the slab
= 460 mm from the center of support,
Available length of bars at the top
640 150
30
0.1 x 4300 = 430
assumming bending of the bars at 45 dgree the length is
> than 0.1xlx =
Hence length of top bars from edge of slab
460 + 150 = 610 mm edge strip length
788
100 x 1000 x 300 = 360
The reinforcement of edge strip is given Ast @.12% = 0.12 /
3.14xdia2
3.14 x
8
x 8
using
8
mm bars
A
=
=
= 50
4 x100
4
x
100
Pitch s = =
1000 x As / A
=
1000 x
50 /
360 = 139.6
say = 130
mm
bar,
8
130
Hence Provided
mm c/c
(C) Design section for long
span
BM
(Ast)x =

Assuming Beam width

=
300 mm
39968000
=
=
745
mm2
230 x
0.90 x 258
st x j x D
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 12 x 12
using
12 mm bars
A
=
=
= 113
4 x100
4
x
100
Pitch s = =
1000 x As / A
=
1000 x 113 /
745 =
say = 152
152
Hence Provided 12 mm bar, 150 mm c/c for middile strips of width 3.23 m
4.30 /
8 = 0.538 m provide ### mm bars @
for the edge strip of widtg
300
bent half bars at distance = 0.15 l =
0.15 x
6.30 = 0.945 or 940 mm
940 +
150 = 1090 mm from the edge of the slab
from the center of support, or at a distance of
150
30 =
760 mm from the center of support,
Available length of bars at the top
940 than
0.1xlx =
0.1 x 6300 = 630
assumming bending of the bars at 45 dgree the length is
>
Hence length of top bars from edge of slab
760 + 150 = 910 mm edge of slab

(D) Check for shear and development length in short span

S.F. at long edge = wlx r/2+r = 38600 x
4.30 x 1.47 /( 2.00 + 1.47 )= 70314.2939
nominal shear stress at long edges
70314
=
/(
1000 x 266 )= 0.264 N/mm2
At the long edges, the diameter of bars should be so restricted that the following requirement is satisfied ;
1.3 xM1
1000 x 113
L0
+
>
Ld
Ast at supports =
= 870
V
130
Let us check development length at the ends of supports
M1 = st .Ast. Jc d
where MB
= 869.538 x
230
x 0.904 x 266 =
48080531
v =
70314
Lx
300
Lo =
-x
=(
30
)= 120
mm
2
2
1.3 xM1
48080531
L0
+
=
1.3
x
+ 120 = 1009 mm
V
70314
st
12
x
870
Devlopment length Ld =
=
= 2038 mm
4 bd
4
x( 1.6 x 0.8 )
Alternatively, Ld

=
M1

58

12

700 mm

L0
Ld
+
>
V
= 1009 > 700
Hence Code requirement are satisfied
Note . The code requires that the positive reinforcement should extention to support at least by Ld/3
Ld/3+x'=
hence minimum support width =
700
/
3
+
30 = 264
mm < 300
Thus

1.3x

(E) Check for shear and development length in long span

S.F. at long edge = 1/3wlx =
0.33 x
### x 4.30 =
55327
nominal shear stress at long edges
55327
=
/(
1000 x 258 )= 0.214 N/mm2
At the long edges, the diameter of bars should be so restricted that the following requirement is satisfied ;
1.3 xM1
1000 x 113
L0
+
>
Ld
Ast at supports =
= 870
V
130
Let us check development length at the ends of supports
M1 = st .Ast. Jc d
where MB
= 869.538 x
230
x 0.904 x 258 =
46634500
v =
55327
Lx
300
Lo =
-x
=(
30
)= 120
mm
2
2
1.3 xM1
46634500
L0
+
=
1.3
x
+ 120 = 1216 mm
V
55327
st
12
x
870
Devlopment length Ld =
=
= 2038 mm
4 bd
4
x( 1.6 x 0.8 )
Alternatively, Ld
Thus

=
=

1.3x

1216

=
M1
V
>

(F) Torsional reinforcement at corners

Size of torsional mesh =lx /5 =
4.30
/
Area of torsional reinforcement =3/4 (Ast)x =

58

12

L0

>

Ld

700

700 mm

Hence Code requirement are satisfied

5
= 0.86 + 0.15 = 1.01
m from slab edge
3
mm2
/
4
x 1149 =
862
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 10 x 10
using
10 mm bars
A
=
=
= 78.5
4 x100
4
x
100
Pitch s = =
1000 x As / A
=
1000 x
79 /
862 = 91.1
say = 92
90 mm c/c
Hence Provided 10 mm bar,
However it is prferable to use the same spacing as provided for main reinfrcement in
the short span, main reinforcement in the middle strip has been provided @
170 mm c/c
while for edge strip it is provided @
130 mm c/c

mm f bars @
Hence provide
10
170 mm c/c in the short span direction.
In long span, main reinforcement is @ 150 mm c/c
mm f bars @
Hence provide
10
150 mm c/c in the long span direction.

For Long span

3 Design of ring Beam :(A) Bending moment and shear force:Effective span of beam
= 6.00 + 0.30 = 6.30 m
Assume Total depth of Beam = 0.60 m for computation of dead weight Increase depth of beam
Let width of Beam = 0.30 m
self Load of Beam per meter run = 0.60 x
0.30 x
1
x ### = 4320 N/m
load from water tank =
38600 N/m
Total load per meter run = 4320 +
### = 42920 N/m
WL2
42920 x 6.30 x 6.30
M=
=
=
213000
N-m
8
8
10 3 N-m
= 213 x
or 213 x 10 6 N-mm
wl
42920 x
6.00
F=
=
=
128760
N
2
2
(B) Moment of resistance M1and reinforcement Ast1
Let us assume that center of tensile reinforcemet will be at =
30 +
50 =
550 mm
d
= 600

nc = kcd
= 0.289 x
550 =
159 mm
For singly reinforcement balance section, M1 = Rcbd2 =
0.913 x
300 x
82850420
Area of tensile reinfocement is given by Ast1
=
=
230 x 0.904 x
550

20

50

550

82850420

725

mm above

mm2

(C ) Moment of resistance M2and reinforcement Ast2

213000000
82850420
=
M2=M-M1 =
130149580 N/mm
This remaining B.M. gas to be resisted by a couple providedby tensile and copressive rinforcements.
30
+
20 =
Let the center of compressive reinforcement be placed at
50 mm
130149580
Area of tensile reinfocement is given by Ast2
=
= 1132 mm2
230 x
550 50
= 725 + 1132 = 1856 mm2
Total Ast
(D) Compressive reinforcement
Asc

Asc

m (d - nc)
(mc-1)(nc-dc)
13.3
1.5

x(
x(

Ast2

where nc

550
13.33 -

= 0.289 x
)x(

159
159

)
-

550

50

159

x 1132 =

2934

mm2

(E) Reinforcing bars

1856 mm2
using 16
= 3.14xdia2
A
=
4 x100
Nomber of Bars = Ast/A =
1856 / 201 =
mm
bar,
placed
at bottom and
7
16
Hence Provided
bars of
Ast =
mm bars

3.14 x
4

16
x

x 16
100

= 201

9.24
say
= 10 No.
3
nos. rest bar placed at top tier,
30
keeping a clear distance of 25 mm between the two tier , keep a nominal cover ,
Use 25mm spacer bars at 1 m c/c

2934 mm2
using 20
= 3.14xdia2
A
=
4 x100
Nomber of Bars = Ast/A =
2934 / 314 =
20 mm bar, at top , in one tier,
Hence Provided 10 bars of
Ast =
mm bars

3.14 x
4

20
x

x 20
100

= 314

9.34
say
= 10 No.
keep a nominal cover ,
30

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

(F) Curtailement of reinforcement

The bending at any point distance x meters from the center of the span is given by
where the moment M1
wL2 wx2
wx2
M1 =
x1000 =
M1
x 1000
8
2
2
and M are in N-mm unit
At the point where compressive reinfrocement is not required, the bending moment should be equal to M 1

M1

2(M1 -M)
1000w

bars .

wx2
2

1000

2M2
2
x 130149580
=
= 2.50
m
1000w
1000 x
42920
Hence at x =
2.50 m from the center, copmressive reinforcement is no longer required and
it may, there fore , curtailed. However, curtail only
5 bars and continue 5 bars upto supports
At this section bending moment M1 on;y. Hence tensile reinforcement required =A st1
= 725 mm2

which will need only

Hence curtailed

bars of 2nd tier at this point and continue rest of the

bars at supports.
(G) Shear reinforcement
Near the support, where the S.F. is maximum, the section is singly reinfoced
(since the two compressive reinforcing bars serve as holding bars of the strirrups)
30
Available effective depth
=
600
8
=
562 mm
128760
V
v
=
=
= 0.76 N / mm2
300 x 562
bd
Available Ast
=
7
x
201
= 1340 mm2
100Ast
100
=
x 1340 = 0.79 %

bd
300 x
562
Hence from Table permissible shear (tc)= 0.79 % steel = 0.35 N/mm2
< 0.76
N/mm2
which is < than the nominal shear stress hence shear reinforcement is
Required
Vc
= Tc.b.d =
0.35 x 300 x 562 = ###
N
Vs
128760
= V -Vc =
###
= ###
N
using

10

mm 2 leg strirrup Asv

Sv

sv x Asv x d
Vs

3.14xdia2
3.14 x 10 x 10
= 2 x
= 157.0
4 x100
4
x
100
230 x 562.0 x 157.0
=
= 291 mm say
290
69750
=

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

However, minimum shear reinforcement is governed by expression

2.175 x Asv x fy
= 2.175 x 157.0 x 415 = 472 mm
Sv
=
b
300
0.75 x 562 = 421.5 > 300
Subject to maximum of 0.75d or b which ever is less.=
Hence provide the 10 mm
strirrups @ 290 mm c/c

min.

(H) Check for devlopment length :The code stipulates that at the simple supports, where reinforcement is confined
1.3xM1
by a compressive reaction, the diameter of the reinforcement be such that
+ L0 > Ld
V

= moment of resistance of section, assuming all reinforcement stress to st

230
x
1340 x 0.904 x 562
=
= 156.5 x 10 6 N-mm
1000000
=
128760
N
and L0
= Sum of anchore value of hooks

M1

Let us provide a support equal to width of wall - cover, i.e. 300 30 = 270 mm
0
Let the clear side cover x' =
30 mm . For a angle 90 bend having anchorege value of 8,
ls
270
we have, L0 =(
x'
)
=(
30
)
= 105 mm
2
2
1.3 xM1
V

L0

Devlopment length

st

Alternatively, Ld
Thus

1.3
4 bd
= 45

1.3x

1685

x
=
=
M1
V
>

156.5 x 10 6
128760
16
x

105
230.0

x(

1.6

45

16

L0

>

Ld

720

= 1685 mm

0.8

= 719

mm

720 mm

Hence Code requirement are satisfied

4 Design of Ring beam

For short span
(A) Bending moment and shear force:Effective span of beam
= 4.00 + 0.30 = 4.30 m
Assume Total depth of Beam = 0.60 m for computation of dead weight
O.K.
Let width of Beam = 0.30 m
self Load of Beam per meter run = 0.60 x
0.30 x
1
x ### = 4320 N/m
load from water tank =
38600 N/m
Total load per meter run = 4320 +
### = 42920 N/m
WL2
42920 x 4.30 x 4.30
M=
=
=
99200
N-m
8
8
10 3 N-m
= 100 x
or 100 x 10 6 N-mm
wl
42920 x
4.00
F=
=
=
85840
N
2
2
(B) Moment of resistance M1and reinforcement Ast1
Let us assume that center of tensile reinforcemet will be at =
30 +
50 =
550 mm
d
= 600

nc = kcd
= 0.289 x
550 =
159 mm
For singly reinforcement balance section, M1 = Rcbd2 =
0.913 x
300 x
82850420
Area of tensile reinfocement is given by Ast1
=
=
230 x 0.904 x
550

20

50

550

82850420

725

mm above

mm2

(C ) Moment of resistance M2and reinforcement Ast2

99200000
82850420
=
M2=M-M1 =
16349580
N/mm
This remaining B.M. gas to be resisted by a couple providedby tensile and copressive rinforcements.
30
+
20 =
Let the center of compressive reinforcement be placed at
50 mm
16349580
Area of tensile reinfocement is given by Ast2
=
=
mm2
142
230 x
550 50
= 725 +
142 = 867 mm2
Total Ast
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

(D) Compressive reinforcement

Ast

m (d - nc)
(mc-1)(nc-dc)

Asc
Ast2

where nc

= 0.289 x

550

159

13.3
1.5

x(
x(

13.33

550
-

x(

159
159

)
-

369

142

3.14 x
4

16
x

x 16
100

50

mm2

(E) Reinforcing bars

using 16

Ast =
mm bars

867
A

mm2
= 3.14xdia2
4 x100

= 201

Nomber of Bars = Ast/A =

867 / 201 =
16 mm bar, placed at bottom and
Hence Provided 3 bars of

4.31
say
=
5 No.
2
nos. rest bar placed at top tier,
mm f bars @
keeping a clear distance of 25 mm between the two tier , keep a nominal cover ,
Use 25mm spacer bars at 1 m c/c

using 20

Ast =
mm bars

369
A

mm2
= 3.14xdia2
4 x100

Nomber of Bars = Ast/A =

369 / 314 =
mm
bar,
at
top
, in one tier,
20
Hence Provided 2 bars of

3.14 x
4

20
x

x 20
100

= 314

1.18
say
=
2 No.
keep a nominal cover ,
30

(F) Curtailement of reinforcement

The bending at any point distance x meters from the center of the span is given by
where the moment M1
wL2
wx2
wx2
M1 =
x1000 =
M1
x 1000
8
2
2
and M are in N-mm unit
At the point where compressive reinfrocement is not required, the bending moment should be equal to M 1

M1

2(M1 -M)
1000w

bars .

wx2
2

1000

2M2
2
x 16349580
=
= 0.90
m
1000w
1000 x
42920
Hence at x =
0.90 m from the center, copmressive reinforcement is no longer required and
it may, there fore , curtailed. However, curtail only
1 bars and continue 1 bars upto supports
At this section bending moment M1 on;y. Hence tensile reinforcement required =A st1
= 725 mm2

which will need only

Hence curtailed

bars of 2nd tier at this point and continue rest of the

bars at supports.
(G) Shear reinforcement
Near the support, where the S.F. is maximum, the section is singly reinfoced
(since the two compressive reinforcing bars serve as holding bars of the strirrups)
30
Available effective depth
=
600
8
=
562 mm
85840
V
v
=
=
= 0.51 N / mm2
300 x 562
bd
Available Ast
=
3
x
201
= 670 mm2
100Ast
100
=
x 670 = 0.40 %

bd
300 x
562
Hence from Table permissible shear (tc)= 0.40 % steel = 0.26 N/mm2
< 0.51
N/mm2
which is < than the nominal shear stress hence shear reinforcement is
Required
Vc
= Tc.b.d =
0.26 x 300 x 562 = ###
N
Vs
85840 = V -Vc =
###
= ###
N
3.14xdia2
3.14 x
8
x 8
using
8 mm 2 leg strirrup Asv
=
= 2 x
= 100.5
4 x100
4
x
100
230 x 562.0 x 100.5
sv x Asv x d
=
=
= 309 mm say
300
Sv
Vs
42004
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

However, minimum shear reinforcement is governed by expression

2.175 x Asv x fy
= 2.175 x 100.5 x 415 = 302 mm
Sv
=
b
300
0.75 x 562 = 421.5 > 300
Subject to maximum of 0.75d or b which ever is less.=
Hence provide the 8 mm
strirrups @ 300 mm c/c

min.

(H) Check for devlopment length :The code stipulates that at the simple supports, where reinforcement is confined
1.3xM1
by a compressive reaction, the diameter of the reinforcement be such that
+ L0 > Ld
V
= moment of resistance of section, assuming all reinforcement stress to st
M1
230
x
670
x 0.904 x 562
=
= 78.26 x 10 6 N-mm
1000000
V
=
85840
N
and L0
= Sum of anchore value of hooks
Let us provide a support equal to width of wall - cover, i.e. 300 30 = 270 mm
Let the clear side cover x' =
30 mm . For a angle 90 0 bend having anchorege value of 8,
ls
270
we have, L0 =(
x'
)
=(
30
)
= 105 mm
2
2
1.3 xM1
78.26 x 10 6
L0
+
=
1.3
x
+ 105 = 1290 mm
V
85840
st
16
x
230.0
Devlopment length =
=
= 719
mm
4 bd
4
x( 1.6 x 0.8 )
Alternatively, Ld
= 45
=
45
x
16 =
720 mm
Thus

M1

1.3x

1290

V
>

6.00

Refer to fig.1
x 3.00 x 1.00

3 Design of tower:(A) Loading and moments:Wind load on tank

(B) Load on coloumns:Asumption

Tank wall Thickness
Size of column
Dead weight of tank
2
2

L0

720

>

Ld

Hence Code requirement are satisfied

= 18.00 kN

=
=
x
x

0.30
0.30
6.00
4.00

m
x
x
x

0.30 m
3.00 x
3.00 x

0.3
0.3

x
x
x
x

9.80
0.30
0.30
0.30

x
x
x

0.30
0.30
0.30

x
x
x

6.00
6.00
6.00

Dead load per column =

1243 /
4
Shear force in each column due to wind
= 18.00 /
4
Bending moment in column
=
4.5 x
1.5
If v = direct laod due to wind, taking moment about B, we have
2 v
x
6.00 +
6.75 x
4.00

v
=(
135 27 )/ 12
(C ) Design of column section
Size of column
300 x
300
Axial load = p =
311 + 9.00

=
=
=

311 kN
4.5 kN
6.75 kN.m

=
=

18.00 x
7.5
9.00 kN

Weight of water
Self weight of columns
Self weight of Braces`

72.00
4
2
2

x 24
x 24
Sub Total

=
=
=
=
x 24
=
x 24
=
x 24
=
Total dead load=

mm
= 320 kN

260
173
433
705.6
52
26
26
1243

Bending moment =M =
Eccentricity e
=

6.75
6.75 x 1000
320 x 1000
The load and eccentricity is small try
0.8
0.8
Ast
=
x
300 x 300
100
mm bars Nos of bars = 720
Provide
16
Atcual Ast provided =
804 mm2
Ac
=(
1.5 x 13.33
300
x
300 )+(
1.5 x 13.33
300
x
300 3+
le
=
12
=
835759800 mm4 or 8.358 x 10'8
(D) Stress in concrete
320 x 1000
compressive stress =
106075.98
6.75 x

Bending stress =

'cc
cc

(E) Lateral reinforcement:Diameter of tie

'cb
cb

<

kN-m
x
1000 =

mm

% steel of concrete section

= 720
mm2

201 =

x
x

804 )'= ###

804 x
100

mm4
=

Nos.
mm2
2

Using cover 50 mm
3.02

1.21
7

h =

N/mm2

1000 x
1000 x
835759800
3.02

22

150

= 0.777 <

1.21
1

N/mm2

O.K.

=
16 / 4
=
mm
4
mm bars for tie
Use
=
5
Picth shall be at least of
(a) Least lateral diamention of columns
= 300 mm
(b) 16 time of longitudinal bars
16
x
16
= 256 mm
48 time of lateral reinforcement
48
x
5
= 240 mm
Using
5 mm tie @
240 mm c/c
(F) Design of braces
Moment in brace
=
= 13.5 kN-m
2
x
4.5 x 1.5
Moment in brace
13.5
Shear force in brace =
=
= 6.75 kN
half length of brace
2
Size of braces asume '=
300 x 300 mm
cover =
30
13.50 x 1000 x
1000
M
Ast
= st.j.d =
= 291
mm2
190 x 0.903 x
270
But minimum area of steel is given by
0.85 bd
0.85 x 300 x
270
Ast
=
=
= 166
mm2
fy
415
mm bars Nos of bars = 291 /
Provide
113 =
12
3 Nos.
Atcual Ast provided =
339 mm2
Both at top and bottom with cover mm
% of steel provided
339 x 100 / 300 x 270 = 0.42 %
V
6.75 x 1000
Nominal shear stress tv=
= 0.083 N/mm2
bd
300 x
270
From table
Tc =
0.27 N/mm2
0.083 < 0.27
Nominal shear reinforcement are provided
use
6 mm
2 legged strirrups , the spacing is given by,
2
x 28.26 x
415
Asv x fy
sy
=
=
=
190
mm < 202.5
0.4 x b
0.40 x 300
mm
Legged bars @
Provide
2
190 mm c/c
6

4 shown in drawing.

Ltr

(For Tank)
N/m3

N/mm2

izontal water

m will bend as
oment
N-m

d anticlock
he fixed end

nertia l for

N-m/m

N-m/m
N-m/m

N
N

h bending in

s (causing

the level of

mm2

provided at

ove spacing

steel from
n constants

mm2
mm
mm c/c.

mm2

alls where
Similarlly,
1.00
nt on each

area vertically
stribution
mm2

(see table)

N-mm
N-mm
N-mm

mm

mm

mm2

mm

of the slab
of support,
mm
mm
mm2
mm2

mm

mm2

mm
mm

of the slab
of support,
mm

70314.2939
N/mm2

mm2

tisfied
mm

N/mm2

mm2

om slab edge

ement in

mm2

mm

se depth of beam

mm above

N/mm

mm2

at top tier,
mm

mm2

mm

N/mm2

mm2

mm

300

O.K.

mm above

N/mm

mm2

at top tier,
mm

mm2

mm

N/mm2

mm2

mm

300

kN
kN
kN
kN
kN
kN
kN
kN

100

O.K.

30

VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS

Grade of concrete
Modular Ratio

M-15
18.67

M-20
13.33

M-25
10.98

M-30
9.33

M-35
8.11

M-40
7.18

cbc N/mm2
m cbc

8.5

10

11.5

13

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

kc

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

jc

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

Rc

0.867

1.214

1.474

1.734

1.994

2.254

Pc (%)

0.714

1.214

1.429

1.643

1.857

Grade of
concrete

kc

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

M 15

(a) st =
140
N/mm2
(Fe 250)
(b) st =
190
N/mm2
(c ) st =
230
N/mm2
(Fe 415)
(d) st =
275
N/mm2
(Fe 500)

Grade of concrete
bd (N / mm2)

jc

0.89

0.89

0.89

0.89

0.89

0.89

M 20

Rc

0.732

1.025

1.244

1.464

1.684

1.903

M 25

Pc (%)

0.433

0.606

0.736

0.866

0.997

1.127

M 30

kc

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

M 35

jc

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

M 40

Rc

0.653

0.914

1.11

1.306

1.502

1.698

M 45

Pc (%)

0.314

0.44

0.534

0.628

0.722

0.816

M 50

kc

0.253

0.253

0.253

0.253

0.253

0.253

jc

0.916

0.916

0.916

0.914

0.916

0.916

Rc

0.579

0.811

0.985

1.159

1.332

1.506

Pc (%)

0.23

0.322

0.391

0.46

0.53

0.599

Permissible shear stress Table v in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

100As
bd
< 0.15
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00 and above

M-15
0.18
0.22
0.29
0.34
0.37
0.40
0.42
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44

Permissible shear stress in concrete

M-20
M-25
M-30
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.22
0.23
0.23
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.39
0.40
0.41
0.42
0.44
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.48
0.47
0.49
0.50
0.49
0.51
0.53
0.51
0.53
0.55
0.51
0.55
0.57
0.51
0.56
0.58
0.51
0.57
0.6

tv N/mm2
M-35
0.2
0.23
0.31
0.37
0.42
0.45
0.49
0.52
0.54
0.56
0.58
0.60
0.62

M-40
0.2
0.23
0.32
0.38
0.42
0.46
0.49
0.52
0.55
0.57
0.60
0.62
0.63

Grade of
concrete
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M

10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50

Maximum shear stress c.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete

c.max

Shear stress tc

M-15
1.6

M-20
1.8

Reiforcement %

M-25
1.9

M-30
2.2

M-35
2.3

Permissi
M-40
2.5

Grade of concrete

ct.max

100As
bd
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.3
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.4
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.5
0.51
0.52
0.53
0.54
0.55
0.56
0.57
0.58
0.59
0.6
0.61
0.62
0.63
0.64
0.65
0.66

M-20

M-20

0.18
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.33
0.33

0.18
0.19
0.2
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.4
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.50
0.51

100As
bd
0.15
0.18
0.21
0.24
0.27
0.3
0.32
0.35
0.38
0.41
0.44
0.47
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.82
0.88
0.94
1.00
1.08
1.16
1.25
1.33
1.41
1.50
1.63
1.64
1.75
1.88
2.00
2.13
2.25

Degree
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
13.5
14
14.5
15
15.5
16
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
21.5
22
22.5
23
23.5
24
24.5
25
25.5
26
26.5

0.67
0.68
0.69
0.7
0.71
0.72
0.73
0.74
0.75
0.76
0.77
0.78
0.79
0.8
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.9
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20

0.33
0.33
0.33
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41

27
27.5
28
28.5
29
29.5
30
30.5
31
31.5
32
32.5
33
33.5
34
34.5
35
35.5
36
36.5
37
37.5
38
38.5
39
39.5
40
40.5
41
41.5
42
42.5
43
43.5
44
44.5
45
45.5
46
46.5
47
47.5
48
48.5
49
49.5
50
50.5
51
51.5
52
52.5
53
53.5

1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59
1.60
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66
1.67
1.68
1.69
1.70
1.71
1.72
1.73
1.74

0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46

54
54.5
55
55.5
56
56.5
57
57.5
58
58.5
59
59.5
60
60.5
61
61.5
62
62.5
63
63.5
64
64.5
65
65.5
66
66.5
67
67.5
68
68.5
69
69.5
70
70.5
71
71.5
72
72.5
73
73.5
74
74.5
75
75.5
76
76.5
77
77.5
78
78.5
79
79.5
80
80.5

1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.85
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99
2.00
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28

0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

81
81.5
82
82.5
83
83.5
84
84.5
85
85.5
86
86.5
87
87.5
88
88.5
89
89.5
90

Table 10.6Bending moment cofficientsfor rectangular Panels supportedon four side

short span cofficien

case No.

Type of paneland moment

###

1.2

0.032
0.024

0
0

0.043
0.036

0.037
0.028

0
0

0.048
0.036

0.037
0.028

0
0

0.052
0.039

0.047
0.035

0
0

0.06
0.045

0.045
0.035

0
0

0.052
0.04

0.035

0.051

0.057
0.043

0
0

0.071
0.053

0.059

Interior panels
1

Negative moment at continuous edge

Positive moment at mid span

One short edge discontinuos

2

Negative moment at continuous edge

Positive moment at mid span
One long edge discontinuos
Negative moment at continuous edge
Positive moment at mid span
Two adjacent edge discontinuos
Negative moment at continuous edge
Positive moment at mid span
Two short edge discontinuos
Negative moment at continuous edge
Positive moment at mid span
Two long edge discontinuos
Negative moment at continuous edge
Positive moment at mid span
Three edge discontiuos

Negative moment at continuous edge

Positive moment at mid span
Three edge discontiuos

4
5

one long edge continuos

one short edge continuos

Negative moment at continuous edge
Positive moment at mid span

0.043

2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.49
2.50
2.51
2.52
2.53
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59
2.60
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69
2.70
2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74
2.75
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79
2.80
2.81
2.82

0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

four edge discontinuos

Positive moment at mid span

four edge discontinuos

ly / lx
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.75
2

positive
Long span
moment at cofficiet ay
mid span for all value

of ly/lx

0.056
0.064
0.072
0.079
0.085
0.089
0.1
0.107

0.056
0.056
0.056
0.056
0.056
0.056
0.056
0.056

0.056

0.072

Modification factore
% steel
0
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3

2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89
2.90
2.91
2.92
2.93
2.94
2.95
2.96
2.97
2.98
2.99
3.00
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.09
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15

0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

Permissible Bond stress Table bd in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

M-10
--

M-15
0.6

M-20
0.8

M-25
0.9

M-30
1

M-35
1.1

M-40
1.2

M-45
1.3

Development Length in tension

Plain M.S. Bars

H.Y.S.D. Bars

bd (N / mm2)

kd = Ld

bd (N / mm2)

kd = Ld

0.6

58

0.96

60

0.8

44

1.28

45

0.9

39

1.44

40

35

1.6

36

1.1

32

1.76

33

1.2

29

1.92

30

1.3

27

2.08

28

1.4

25

2.24

26

Permissible stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Permission stress in compression (N/mm2) Permissible stress in bond (Average) for
plain bars in tention (N/mm2)
Bending cbc
Direct (cc)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
in kg/m2
Kg/m2 (N/mm2)
Kg/m2
--3.0
300
2.5
250
5.0
500
4.0
400
0.6
60
7.0
700
5.0
500
0.8
80
8.5
850
6.0
600
0.9
90
10.0
1000
8.0
800
1.0
100
11.5
1150
9.0
900
1.1
110
13.0
1300
10.0
1000
1.2
120
14.5
1450
11.0
1100
1.3
130
16.0
12.0
1.4
1600
1200
140

Permissible direct tensile stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete

ct.max

M-10
1.2

M-15
2.0

M-20
2.8

M-25
3.2

M-30
3.6

M-35
4.0

M-40
4.4

M-50
1.4

sin
0.017
0.026
0.035
0.044
0.052
0.061
0.070
0.078
0.087
0.096
0.104
0.113
0.122
0.131
0.139
0.148
0.156
0.165
0.174
0.182
0.191
0.199
0.208
0.819
0.225
0.233
0.242
0.250
0.259
0.259
0.276
0.284
0.292
0.301
0.309
0.317
0.326
0.334
0.342
0.350
0.358
0.367
0.375
0.383
0.391
0.399
0.407
0.415
0.422
0.431
0.438
0.446

Value of angle
Degree
cos
1
1.000
1.5
1.000
2
0.999
2.5
0.999
3
0.999
3.5
0.998
4
0.998
4.5
0.997
5
0.996
5.5
0.995
6
0.995
6.5
0.994
7
0.993
7.5
0.991
8
0.990
8.5
0.989
9
0.988
9.5
0.986
10
0.985
10.5
0.983
11
0.981
11.5
0.980
12
0.978
12.5
0.976
13
0.974
13.5
0.972
14
0.970
14.5
0.968
15
0.966
15.5
0.964
16
0.961
16.5
0.959
17
0.956
17.5
0.954
18
0.951
18.5
0.948
19
0.946
19.5
0.943
20
0.940
20.5
0.937
21
0.934
21.5
0.930
22
0.927
22.5
0.924
23
0.921
23.5
0.917
24
0.924
24.5
0.910
25
0.906
25.5
0.905
26
0.898
26.5
0.895

tan
0.017
0.262
0.035
0.044
0.052
0.061
0.070
0.079
0.087
0.096
0.105
0.114
0.123
0.132
0.140
0.149
0.158
0.168
0.176
0.185
0.194
0.203
0.213
0.839
0.231
0.240
0.249
0.259
0.268
0.269
0.287
0.296
0.306
0.315
0.325
0.335
0.344
0.354
0.364
0.374
0.384
0.394
0.404
0.414
0.424
0.435
0.440
0.456
0.466
0.476
0.488
0.499

cot
57.295
56.300
28.644
22.913
19.083
16.362
14.311
12.707
11.437
10.385
9.563
8.777
8.149
7.597
7.119
6.691
6.315
5.963
5.673
5.396
5.142
4.915
4.704
1.192
4.332
4.166
4.011
3.867
3.732
3.723
3.488
3.376
3.272
3.172
3.078
2.989
2.905
2.824
2.747
2.674
2.605
2.539
2.475
2.414
2.356
2.300
2.271
2.194
2.148
2.103
2.049
2.006

0.454
0.462
0.469
0.477
0.485
0.492
0.500
0.508
0.515
0.522
0.530
0.537
0.545
0.552
0.559
0.566
0.573
0.581
0.588
0.595
0.602
0.609
0.616
0.623
0.629
0.636
0.643
0.649
0.656
0.663
0.669
0.676
0.682
0.688
0.695
0.701
0.707
0.713
0.719
0.725
0.731
0.737
0.742
0.749
0.755
0.760
0.766
0.772
0.777
0.786
0.788
0.793
0.799
0.804

27
27.5
28
28.5
29
29.5
30
30.5
31
31.5
32
32.5
33
33.5
34
34.5
35
35.5
36
36.5
37
37.5
38
38.5
39
39.5
40
40.5
41
41.5
42
42.5
43
43.5
44
44.5
45
45.5
46
46.5
47
47.5
48
48.5
49
49.5
50
50.5
51
51.5
52
52.5
53
53.5

0.891
0.887
0.883
0.879
0.875
0.870
0.866
0.862
0.857
0.853
0.848
0.843
0.839
0.834
0.829
0.834
0.819
0.814
0.809
0.804
0.799
0.793
0.788
0.783
0.777
0.772
0.766
0.760
0.755
0.749
0.743
0.737
0.731
0.725
0.719
0.713
0.707
0.701
0.695
0.688
0.682
0.676
0.669
0.663
0.656
0.649
0.643
0.636
0.629
0.623
0.616
0.609
0.602
0.595

0.510
0.521
0.532
0.543
0.554
0.566
0.577
0.589
0.601
0.613
0.625
0.637
0.649
0.662
0.675
0.679
0.700
0.713
0.726
0.740
0.754
0.767
0.781
0.795
0.810
0.824
0.839
0.854
0.869
0.885
0.900
0.916
0.933
0.949
0.966
0.983
1.000
1.018
1.036
1.054
1.072
1.091
1.109
1.130
1.150
1.171
1.192
1.213
1.235
1.262
1.280
1.303
1.327
1.351

1.963
1.921
1.881
1.842
1.804
1.767
1.732
1.698
1.664
1.632
1.600
1.570
1.540
1.511
1.483
1.473
1.429
1.402
1.377
1.351
1.327
1.303
1.280
1.257
1.235
1.213
1.191
1.171
1.150
1.130
1.111
1.091
1.072
1.054
1.036
1.018
1.000
0.983
0.966
0.949
0.933
0.916
0.902
0.885
0.869
0.854
0.839
0.824
0.810
0.792
0.781
0.767
0.754
0.740

0.809
0.814
0.819
0.824
0.829
0.834
0.839
0.843
0.848
0.853
0.857
0.862
0.866
0.870
0.875
0.879
0.883
0.887
0.891
0.895
0.899
0.903
0.906
0.910
0.914
0.917
0.921
0.924
0.927
0.930
0.934
0.937
0.940
0.943
0.946
0.948
0.951
0.954
0.956
0.959
0.961
0.964
0.966
0.968
0.970
0.982
0.974
0.976
0.978
0.980
0.982
0.983
0.985
0.986

54
54.5
55
55.5
56
56.5
57
57.5
58
58.5
59
59.5
60
60.5
61
61.5
62
62.5
63
63.5
64
64.5
65
65.5
66
66.5
67
67.5
68
68.5
69
69.5
70
70.5
71
71.5
72
72.5
73
73.5
74
74.5
75
75.5
76
76.5
77
77.5
78
78.5
79
79.5
80
80.5

0.588
0.581
0.574
0.566
0.559
0.552
0.545
0.537
0.530
0.522
0.515
0.508
0.500
0.492
0.485
0.477
0.470
0.462
0.454
0.446
0.438
0.431
0.423
0.415
0.407
0.399
0.391
0.383
0.375
0.819
0.358
0.350
0.342
0.556
0.326
0.317
0.309
0.301
0.292
0.284
0.276
0.267
0.259
0.250
0.242
0.233
0.225
0.216
0.208
0.199
0.191
0.182
0.174
0.165

1.376
1.402
1.428
1.455
1.483
1.511
1.540
1.570
1.600
1.632
1.664
1.698
1.732
1.767
1.804
1.842
1.880
1.921
1.963
2.006
2.051
2.097
2.145
2.195
2.246
2.300
2.356
2.414
2.475
1.136
2.605
2.674
2.747
1.696
2.904
2.989
3.078
3.172
3.271
3.376
3.488
3.606
3.732
3.868
4.011
4.209
4.332
4.511
4.705
4.915
5.145
5.396
5.673
5.977

0.727
0.713
0.700
0.687
0.675
0.662
0.649
0.637
0.625
0.613
0.601
0.589
0.577
0.566
0.554
0.543
0.532
0.521
0.510
0.498
0.488
0.477
0.466
0.456
0.445
0.435
0.424
0.414
0.404
0.880
0.384
0.374
0.364
0.590
0.344
0.335
0.325
0.315
0.306
0.296
0.287
0.277
0.268
0.259
0.249
0.238
0.231
0.222
0.213
0.203
0.194
0.185
0.176
0.167

0.988
0.989
0.999
0.991
0.993
0.994
0.995
0.995
0.996
0.997
0.998
0.998
0.999
0.999
0.999
1.000
0.9998
0.9999
1.000

81
81.5
82
82.5
83
83.5
84
84.5
85
85.5
86
86.5
87
87.5
88
88.5
89
89.5
90

0.156
0.148
0.139
0.131
0.122
0.113
0.105
0.096
0.087
0.078
0.070
0.061
0.052
0.044
0.035
0.026
0.017
0.009
0.000

6.315
6.691
7.178
7.597
8.145
8.777
9.517
10.389
11.431
12.716
14.302
16.362
19.083
22.913
28.637
38.299
57.295
114.931
1.000

0.158
0.149
0.139
0.132
0.123
0.114
0.105
0.096
0.087
0.079
0.070
0.061
0.052
0.044
0.035
0.026
0.017
0.009
0.000

s supportedon four side with provision for torsion at corners (IS456 - 2000)
short span cofficient axfor value of Ly/Lx

Long span
cofficiet ay
for all value
of ly/lx

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.75

0.047
0.039

0.051
0.039

0.053
0.041

0.06
0.045

0.065
0.049

0.032
0.024

0.051
0.039

0.055
0.041

0.057
0.044

0.064
0.048

0.068
0.052

0.037
0.028

0.057
0.044

0.063
0.047

0.067
0.051

0.077
0.059

0.085
0.065

0.037
0.028

0.065
0.049

0.071
0.053

0.075
0.056

0.084
0.063

0.091
0.069

0.047
0.035

0.056
0.043

0.059
0.044

0.06
0.045

0.065
0.049

0.069
0.052

0.035

0.057

0.063

0.068

0.08

0.088

0.045
0.035

0.076
0.057

0.08
0.06

0.084
0.064

0.091
0.069

0.097
0.073

0.043

0.065

0.071

0.076

0.087

0.096

0.057
0.043

0.079

Modification factore
Fy=415
fe= 240
2
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.35
1.3
1.25
1.2
1.15
1.12
1.1
1
0.95
0.93
0.91
0.9
0.9
0.89
0.89
0.88
0.88
0.86
0.86
0.85
0.85
0.84
0.84
0.83
0.83
0.82
0.82
0.81

0.085

0.089

0.1

0.107

0.056