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OSPF Tutorial
December 3rd, 2010 Go to comments
For example, R1 wants to find out if it has any neighbor running OSPF it sends a Hello message to the
multicast address 224.0.0.5. This is the multicast address for all OSPF routers and all routers running
OSPF will proceed this message.

If an OSPF router receives an OSPF Hello packet that satisfied all its requirement then it will establish
adjacency with the router that sent the Hello packet. In this example, if R1 meet R2s requirements,
meaning it has the same Hello interval, Dead interval and AREA number, R2 will add R1 to its
neighbor table.
+ Hello interval: indicates how often it sends Hello packets. By default, OSPF routers send Hello
packets every 10 seconds on multiaccess and point-to-point segments and every 30 seconds on nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) segments (like Frame Relay, X.25, ATM)
+ Dead interval: number of seconds this router should wait between receiving hello packets from a
neighbor before declaring the adjacency to that neighbor down
+ AREA number: the area it belongs to

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Now R1 and R2 are neighbors but they dont exchange LSAs immediately. Instead, they sends Database
Description (DD or DBD) packets which contain an abbreviated list of the sending routers link-state
database.
The neighbors also determine who will be the master and who will be the slave. The router which higher
router-id will become master and initiates the database exchange. The receiver acknowledges a received
DD packet by sending an identical DD packet back to the sender. Each DD packet has a sequence
number and only the master can increment sequence numbers.

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R1 or R2 can send Request to get missing LSA from its neighbors

R2 sends back an LSAck packet to acknowledge the packet

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Pages: 1 2 3
Comments (214) Comments
Comment pages
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1. Wasif
September 15th, 2015
@Mohit loopback is a virtual interface with any ip address and subnet mask which is always
pingable and never down unless you remove it. It can also be used to create a router ID. You can
create many loopback interfaces with the following command:
config t
int loopback 0
ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
2. Waiyan
September 18th, 2015
What is highest IP address? Please explain me someone.
3. Anonymous
September 18th, 2015
Highest IP Address is the address that has the highest value,considering the value in the 1st
OctetFor example,172.16.10.5 and 192.168.10.5,the highest IP is 192.168.10.5,because 192 is >
172.
4. Khaheek
September 18th, 2015
Highest IP Address is the address that has the highest value,considering the value in the 1st
OctetFor example,172.16.10.5 and 192.168.10.5,the highest IP is 192.168.10.5,because 192 is >
172.
5. INDIAN

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September 22nd, 2015

Dear 9tut
thnaks a lot for your tutorial abt ccna exam .Today i have completed my CCNA exam
successfully .
i have not followed any dumps but i followed your Q&A and it really helpful .I recommend for
those who are going for CCNA exam pls read 9TUT.com Q&A and watch Video mentor for
CCNA from CBTNUGGETS.COM and try to practice each concept in cisco packet tracer .
pls donot go read dumps from any source since CIsco is smart enough to understand that who
understand the topic and writing exam .
Also trust me guys spent time on mug up Dumps is better to understand to topics .
so all the best for your exam .
6. joma
November 5th, 2015
Hello, i am looking for CCNA(200-120) dumps also the sim and cracked VCE file. Please help
me. My email ID jhoemarypanget@gmail.com thank you God bless
7. uma
November 5th, 2015
Hi, I am not able to find questions. I found only answers. Can anyone tell me where can I find
questions?
8. 9tut
November 6th, 2015
@uma: Please use this link to see questions and answers: http://www.9tut.com/ccna-questionsand-answers
9. Anonymous
November 12th, 2015
please send me the lastest version for crack for VCE play
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10. Thobani
November 18th, 2015
Hi Please send me the latest version for cracked VCE player please my email address is
T.nqwaba@gmail.com
11. Geraldo
November 29th, 2015

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12. Rish
November 30th, 2015
@uma and @thobani: Did the CCNA exams have the same questions as the above mentioned
links?
13. Manish Pathak
December 8th, 2015
Do we have more topology about DHCP, STP, RSTP &OSPF.
14. L69
December 15th, 2015
hi can anybody help me with (ccna SP) 640-875 exam latest dump
please email me sousalucas@hotmail.com
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