TITLE PAGE

CAUSES AND IMPLICATIONS OF DRUG ABUSE ON

LEARNING AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS
STUDENTS IN MAIDUGURI METROPOLITAN COUNCIL
BORNO STATE.

BY

ILIYAHS ABDULRAHMAN
10/11/04/02/517

A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF

EDUCATION, FACULTY OF EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF
MAIDUGURI, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF (B.Sc. Ed) IN
BUSINESS EDUCATION.

JUNE 2016

CERTIFICATION
This projects work entitled, Causes and Implications of
Drugs Abuse on Learning Among Senior Secondary School
Students In Maiduguri Metropolitan Council, Borno State has
been read and approved as meeting the requirement of the
Department of Education, University of Maiduguri, for the award
of B.Sc. (Ed) Degree in Business Education.

Head of Department
Dr. Bala Dauda
Sign ..

Date:

..

Supervisor
Mrs. Fati Shettima Abani
Sign

Date:

..

External Examiner
Sign.

Date:

..

DEDICATION
This research work is dedicated to my One and only real,
best and ever friend of his time. Late. Abubakar Sadeeq
Muhammad Kurima (Saddiku) Allahumma Salli Ala Sayyidna
Muhammad Adada maa fii ilmillahi Salatan Daaimatan
bidawami mulkillahi. Ya Ilaahi extend the reward of this Salati to
the grave of Late Abubakar Saddeeq. Allahummagfirhu!
Allahummagfirhu!! Allahummagfirhu!!! Ameen Ya GAFURU.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Allahumma salli ala Sayyidna Muhammad bi adadi man
sallaa alaihi, wa salli ala Muhammad bi adadi Mallam yusallai
alaihi, wasalli Muhammad kamaa amartana bissalati alaihi
wasalli wasallim ala sayiddina muhammadin ainizzaati
nuruzzaati waala alihi haqqa qadrihi wamigdaarihil azeem.
(Ameen)
My profound gratitude goes to my noble supervisor Fati
Shettima Abani (Hajiya Mama) who gave series of if guidance
and instructions toward the successful completion of this
project work. Despite her tight schedules, she still made it a
duty to read through my project and make corrections by
placing the chapters in accordance with the stipulated
guidelines so that the project will meet the requirement, May
Allahu subhanahu wataalas blessing be on her entire family
and muslims ummah at large.
I wish to categorically assert my special gratitude to the
head of department Dr. Bala Dauda and my class Coordinator
Dr. Umar Goni, a man with an exemplary character worthy of
emulation, and also my special gratitude to my One-Off brother
Muhammad Abdulrahman, my wives Nafisat Manu Mandau &
Khadijat Shuaibu Haruna, my course mates Kaka Ali Alkali Gubio,
Sheriff, Saeed, Liman Shuwa, Adamu, Doctor Gubio, Ya Maina, Bulama, Man
Musa, Bamai, Chiwar, Baba FRSC, Ibrahim(Mala), Baana, Bakura Shettima,
Lefami, Abba NEPA, Hauwa, Lami,Vivian, Hafsat, Fatima, for their academic
support and contribution in the act of executing this project work.

The effort of all other lecturers and my colleagues whom we struggled

together, need to be acknowledged for grooming us up with the basic knowledge
and skills needed by the programme.

ABSTRACT
This study was designed to investigate the effects of drugs
abuse on the learning among some selected senior secondary
schools in Maiduguri metropolitan council. The objectives of the
study were to determine the cause of drug abuse among
adolescents, find out the effect of drug abuse among senior
secondary school students in Maiduguri metropolitan council
and identify the implication of drug abuse. A survey design was
adopted for the study. Data for the study were collected using
questionnaire. Simple percentage scores were used to analyses
the data. The result showed that drug has negative effects on
the

learning

among

senior

secondary

school

students.

Consequently it was recommended that school authority with

the aid ministry of education should guide the students on the
dangers of drug abuse, the school authority should ensure that
drugs are not sold in their schools so as to discourage the
abuse of drugs among students and students should be taught
how to study hard and pass their examination without resorting
to drug abuse.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE.......................................................................................................i
CERTIFICATION...............................................................................................ii
DEDICATION...................................................................................................iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.................................................................................iv
ABSTRACT..........................................................................................................v
TABLE OF CONTENTS...................................................................................vi
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................1
1.1 Background of the Study..............................................................................1
1.2 Statement of The Problem............................................................................3
1.3 Objectives of the Study.................................................................................3
1.4 Research Questions.......................................................................................4
1.5 Scope of The Study.......................................................................................4
1.6 Significance of the Study..............................................................................5
1.7 Operational Definition of Terms...................................................................5
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 Theoretical Framework.................................................................................7
2.2 Reasons for Drugs Addiction among Senior Secondary School Students....8
2.3 Drugs Commonly Abused by Students.........................................................9
2.4 The Implication of Drug Abuse on Students Learning..............................10
2.5 Summary and Uniqueness of the Study......................................................11
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 Design of the Study.....................................................................................13
3.2 Population and Sampling............................................................................13
3.3 Procedure for Data Collection....................................................................14
3.4 Instrument for Data Collection...................................................................14
3.5 Method for Data Collection.......................................................................14
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Data Analysis..............................................................................................16
7

4.2 Summary of Findings..................................................................................21

4.3 Discussion...................................................................................................22
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Summary.....................................................................................................24
5.2 Conclusion.................................................................................................25
5.3 Recommendation........................................................................................25
REFFERENCES...............................................................................................27
APPENDIX I....................................................................................................29
APPENDIX II...................................................................................................30

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7

Background of the Study

Statement of the Problem
Objective of The Study
Research Questions
Scope of The Study
Significance of The Study
Operational Definitions of Terms

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

One of the major dilemma in the world today is the rapid
growing rate of drugs abuse in the societies. This growth has
resulted in the social or environmental problems, therefore
resulting in increase in the number of cases of cultism, increasing
the number of school dropout and truancy which led to expulsion
from school, violent the individual at risk of harm thereby causing
massive educational failure. The effects of drug abuse and its
implication has caused a lot of problem among senior secondary
school students and also affects the learning of the students.
Drug abuse is a major public health problem all over the
world, United Nation Organization on Drugs and Control (UNODC)
(2005). The use and abuse of drug by adolescents have become
one of the most disturbing heath related phenomenon in Nigeria
and other parts of the world. Several alcohol going adolescents
experience mental health programme, either temporary or for

long period of time. Some became insane, maladjusted to school

situations and eventually drop-out of school.
Drug is not a new phenomenon in the human history. For
thousands of years, over ancestors have been using drugs found
in leaves, roots and herbs sources. The use of drugs as of that
time were purely medicinal. It was applied for the relief of pain,
care and control of disease.
According to Fawa, (2003). Defined drugs as any substances,
which is used for treatment or prevention of a disease in man and
in animals. Drug alters the body functions either positively or
otherwise depending on the body consumption of the users, the
types of drug used, the amount used and weather used singly or
with other drugs at the same time. Drugs are classified into Licit
and Illicit. Drugs are also known as legal drugs. Licit drugs usually
means that a drug is use legally (E.g. alcohol, tobacco, and
caffeine).
Legal use of drugs includes:
Medicines used for illness.
Over the counter drugs used as directed.
Prescription medicines used by intended person for prescribed
usage, while illicit drugs are also known as illegal drugs. Illicit
drugs used occurs when drugs are used in all illegal manners (E.g.
Heroin, Cocaine, Marijuana)
Illicit Drugs includes:
Getting high or pain pills for relaxation
Using a drugs for an improper purpose (Sleeping) a product or
substances not intended to be a drug in a way which
produces a drugs like state. (E.g. glues, petrol, tube repair).

National Agency for Foods and Drugs Administration Control

(NAFDAC) (2000). As cited by Haladu (2003), explained the term
drugs abuse as excessive and persistent self-administration of a
drug without regard to the medically or culturally accepted
patterns. It could also be viewed as the use of a drug to the extent
that it interferes with the health and social function of an
individual. World book Encyclopedia (2004), defined drugs abuse
as the Non-medical use of a drug that interferes with a healthy
and productive life. Manbe (2008) Defined drugs abuse as the
excessive maladapted or addictive use of drug for non-medicinal
purpose.
Abdullahi (2009), viewed drug abuse as the use of drugs to
extent interferes with the health and social function of an
individual. In essence, drug abused may be define as the arbitrary
overdependence or misuse of one particular drug with or without
a prior medical diagnosis from qualified health practitioners. It can
also be viewed as the unlawful overdose in the use of drug(s).
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Drugs abuse has posed a lot of problems to the learning of
children especially those at senior secondary schools level. It is
observed that adolescents take a lot of drugs and participate in
different criminal acts which are suspected to be as a result of
drugs abuse.
The problem is causing increased rate of violent toward
constituted authorities, unserious and negative attitudes towards
schooling truancy, and increase in peer group influence, drop out

and also make the environment unfavorable. This has resulted

into massive academic failure, Majority of the students were no
longer having impressive academic performance. In spite of the
efforts made by school authority, government campaigns by
NGOs on the dangers of drug abuse, as well as the disciplinary
action taken against substances abusers by government. All these
attempts have been prove abortive, still the rate of drug abuse is
increasing alarming students.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1.

The objectives of the study were determine:

The types of drugs taken by the students in senior secondary

2.

school in Maiduguri metropolitan council.

The reasons for drugs taken among senior secondary school

3.

students in Maiduguri metropolitan council.

The implication of drug abuse on learning among senior
secondary school students in Maiduguri metropolitan council.

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1.

The study answered the following research questions

What types of drugs do senior secondary school students

2.

takes in Maiduguri metropolitan council?

What are the reasons for drugs abuse among senior
secondary school students in Maiduguri in metropolitan

council?
3. What are the implication on learning among senior secondary
school students in Maiduguri metropolitan council?

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study is limited to only four (4) selected secondary
schools in Maiduguri metropolitan council. Maiduguri metropolitan
council consist ten (10) senior secondary schools. The study
covered only four senior secondary schools that owned by
government only these are
1. Government College Maiduguri.
2. Government Senior Secondary School Moduganari.
3. Arabic Teachers College Maiduguri.
4. Shehu Garbai School Maiduguri.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The result of this study will be important to the following; Senior secondary school students and youths in Maiduguri
metropolitan council,
Senior secondary school students authorities of Maiduguri
metropolitan council and country at large, and National Drugs
Law Enforcement Agency (N.D.L.E.A.),
The senior secondary school students will be able to see how
drug abuse affects the learning of the youths and how it affects
their health and obtain some strategies on how to help
themselves out of the problems. The authorities on the other hand
can also benefit from this study by enabling them to formulate
policy about control of drug abuse in the senior secondary school
in Maiduguri metropolitan council and the entire Borno state and
possibly the country at large.
It will also be very important to national to these drugs
according to medical diagnosis, would become pale, emaciated

and suffers from severe constipation, poor appetite, reduce sexual

drive and day dreaming.
Oladije (2000), warned that drugs abusers who exhibit
symptom of stress, anxiety, depression, behaviour changes,
fatigue and loss or increase in in appetite should be treated by
medical experts and counsellors to save them from deadly
diseases. Senior secondary schools students especially those from
poor homes can hardly access to the drugs and are therefore very
rarely to the major cause of the addiction among them. National
Drug law enforcement agency (N.D.L.E.A) in constituting law
which will ban any unauthorized way of handling drugs.
1.7 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS
The following terms are defined as used in the study
Drugs: Are the types of chemical substances taken by the
students in Maiduguri metropolitan council.
Drug abuse: is the state whereby the senior secondary school
student of Maiduguri metropolitan council use drugs to the
extent that interferes with their health and social function and
learning activities.
Learning: The achievement

of

instructional

objective

by

students in senior secondary school in Maiduguri metropolitan

council.

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
This chapter presents review of related literature under the
following sub-headings:2.1 Theoretical Framework.
2.2 Reasons for Drug Abuse among Senior Secondary School
Students.
2.3 Drugs Commonly Abuse By Students.
2.4 The Implication of Drug Abuse on Students Learning.
2.5 Summary and Uniqueness of the Study.
2.1 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The social development theory developed by Hawkins and
Weis (2002), suggest that individual develop bonds to groups and
Organisation when they experience opportunities for involvement,
possess necessary skills for involvement, and receive positive
feedback regarding their involvement. Once an individual bonds to
a context, they are more likely to behave according to the groups
norms and beliefs. The social development model highlight the
steps to developing programs that promote bonding and positive
behaviour development. The following research to practice points
provides specific programming guidelines. Youth will tend to form
group that engage in similar activities, those using drugs will be
able to identify with each other. Since they are more comfortable
with the same group, hence the influence will be equal in the
entire group. Hawkins and Weis (2002), propose that drug use and
deviant behaviours emerge from interactions with the primary

socialization sources of the family, school, and peer clusters. The

theory further postulates that individuals personal characteristics
and personality traits do not directly related to drug use and
deviance but in nearly all cases, influence those outcomes only
when they affect the interactions between the individual and the
primary socialization sources.
Interpretation of research results from the point of view of
primary socialization theory suggests the following characteristics
such as depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem are related to
drug use and deviance only when they have strong effects on the
primary socialization process among younger children, traits such
as anger, aggression and sensation seeking are related to drug
use and deviance because these traits are more likely to influence
the

primary

socialization

process

at

all

ages.

The

psychopathologists that are least likely to interfere with bonding

with prosocial socialization sources the anxiety and most of the
effectiveness

disorders are

less

to

have

comorbidity

drug

dependence.
2.2 REASONS FOR DRUGS ADDICTION AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
STUDENTS
Haladu (2003), gave the following as the main causes of
drugs addiction
(i) Lack of parental supervision: Many parents have no time to
supervise their sons and daughters. Some parents have little
or no interaction with their family members, while others put
pressure on their children to pass exam or perform better in

their studies. These phenomena initialize and increase drugs

(ii)

abuse.
Peer group influence: peer pressure play a major role in
influencing many adolescents into drugs abuse. This is
because peer pressure is a fact of teenage and youth life. As
they try to depend less on parents, they show more
dependency on their friends. In Nigeria, as other parts of the
world, one may not enjoy the company of others unless he

(iii)

conform to their norms.

Personality problems due to socio-economic conditions:
adolescent with personality problems arising from social
conditions have been found to abuse drugs. The social and
economic status of most Nigerians is below average. Poverty
is wide spread, broken home and unemployment is on the
increase, therefore our youth roam the streets looking for
employment or resort to begging. These situation have been
aggravated by lack of skills opportunities for training and
retraining and lack of committed action to promote job
creation

by

community

and

private

entrepreneurs.

Frustration arising from the problems led to lead to recourse

in drug abuse for temporarily removing the tension and
(iv)

problem arising from it.

The need for energy to work for long hours: The increase in
economic

deterioration

that

lead

to

poverty

and

disempowerment of the people has driven many parents to

send their children out in search of a means of earning
something for contribution to family income. These children

engage

in

hawking,

bus

conducting,

head

loading,

scavenging, serving in food canteens etc. and are prone to

drugs taking somas to gain more energy to work for long
(v)

hours.
Availability of drugs: in many countries drugs have dropped

(vi)

in prices as supplies have increased.

The need to prevent the occurrence of withdrawal symptoms:
If a drug is stopped, the user experiences what is termed
withdrawal symptoms, pain, anxiety, excessive sweating
and shaking characterized such symptoms. The in ability of
the drug user to tolerate the symptoms motivates him to
continue. Ige, (2000).

2.3 DRUGS COMMONLY ABUSED BY STUDENTS

In Nigeria, the most common types of abused drugs
according to National Agency for Food, Drugs Administration and
Control (NAFDAC) (2000). As cited by Haladu (2003), are
categorized as follows:
Stimulants: These are substances that directly act and
stimulates the central nervous system. Users at the initial stage
experience pleasant effects such as energy increase. The major
sources of these comes from caffeine substances.
Hallucinogens: these are drugs that alter the sensory
processing

unit

in

the

brain.

This

producing

distorted

perception, feeling of anxiety and some of them include sleep,

euphoria,

sadness and inner joy, they normally comes from

marijuana, LSD etc.

 Narcotics: these drugs relieve pains, induce sleeping and they

are addictive. They are found in heroin, codeine, opium, etc.
Sedatives: the drugs are among the most widely used and
abused. This is largely due to belief that they relieve stress and
anxiety, and some of them induce sleep, ease tension, and
cause relaxation of help users to forget their problems. They
are sourced from Valium, Alcohol, Promethazine, Chloroform
etc.
Miscellaneous: This is a group of volatile solvents or inhalants
that provide euphoria, emotional disinhibition and perpetual
distortion of thought to the users. The main sources are glues,
spot removers, tube repair, perfumes, chemicals etc.
Tranquilizers: They are believed to produce calmness without
bragging drowsiness, they are chiefly derived from Librium,
Valium etc.
2.4 THE IMPLICATION OF DRUG ABUSE ON STUDENTS LEARNING
A large number of studies tried to identify weather there are
direct and
addictive

or/indirect causal link between consumption of

substances

and

learning.

Most

intuitively,

drug

consumption may have some detriment effects on student

cognitive abilities, for instance by decreasing their ability to
concentrate in education. Concern the indirect channels, drug
consumption

may

for

instance

be

responsible

for

shifting

individual resources away from schooling. Additionally, it may

undermine students progress by making less likely to attend
classes or keep up with their studies. Finally psychologist argued

that drugs taking and heavy drinking may lower individuals

expectation about learning (Deas et al 2000).
Williams et. al. (2003), report that drugs has negative
impacts on schooling achievements by reducing the time spent
studying.
Kobiowu (2006), study revealed that the academic pursuits of
those student who engages in drug misuse is not unduly
jeopardize

extraordinarily,

contrary

to

seemingly

popular

expectation.
2.5 SUMMARY AND UNIQUENESS OF THE STUDY
The research found out from this chapter that students abuse
drug for various reasons.
The drug use by the students have transcended or gone
beyond the realm of cigarette, alcohol, cannabis (Indian hemp),
central

nervous

system

stimulant,

hallucinogens,

narcotics,

sedatives, miscellaneous and tranquilizers students are no in the

use of narcotics drugs such as cocaine and heroin notably Adesina
reported the abuse of drugs among students in the universities
and secondary schools. This study is to investigate the implication
of drugs addiction to learning among senior secondary school
students in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council.
In conclusion, the use of drugs have adverse effect on the
learning of students. As rightly pointed out earlier, Fayombo and
Aremu (2000), in their research on the effect of drug abuse on
educational performance of some adolescents, drug abusers in
Ibadan found that the misuse of marijuana had reached an
epidemic level in the present Nigerian society, and that drug

abuse on could lead to reduced academic achievement or even

halt ones entire academic process. Furthermore, the drug users or
abusers believed that drugs put them in a good mood and
increase their performance in school. This increase in performance
is only temporary. In fact, based on personal experiments and
experience, drugs have adverse effect on learning of students. It
bring about dizziness, lack of concentration, attention and
listening in the class having taken drugs. Apart from absconding
them from listening in the class, it also make feel asleep and
hungry which can hinder them from performing well in school.
It gives no surprise that in recent years we no longer hear
reports of impressive academic performance in school but ugly
reports of general acts of indiscipline. Instead of our schools to
become center of academic work and excellence, they have into
the abode of sexual harassment and sundry act of hooliganism as
a result of drugs taking among senior secondary school students.

CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5

Design of the Study

Population and Sampling
Procedure for Data Collection
Instrument for Data Collection
Methods for Data Collection

This

chapter

was

discussed

under

the

following

sub-

headings:3.1 DESIGN OF THE STUDY

This study adopted the survey research design. It is sought to
find out the opinion of the students about drugs abuse and at the
same time teachers opinion on drug abuse. The survey research
design was used in the study. According to Ololube (2009), survey
seeks to obtain information that discloses existing phenomenon
by

asking

individuals

about

their

perceptions,

senior

secondary

attitudes,

behaviours or belief.
3.2 POPULATION AND SAMPLING
There

about

fifteen

(15)

schools

in

Maiduguri metropolitan council out of which four were selected to

conduct my survey. They are Government College Maiduguri,
Government Day Senior Secondary School Moduganari, Arabic
Teachers College Maiduguri and Shehu Garbai School Maiduguri.

A sample Random sampling techniques was adopted to

select from SSS1 to SSS3 respectively. The selection of the
student to form the sample of the study was done by balloting all
the three aims of each class was Yes or No written on a piece of
paper and squeezed for the student to pick in a container from
SSS1 to SSS3. Forty (40) student were selected and twenty staffs
(20) respectively. A total of sixty (60) from the staff and the
students were sampled out of the total population.
3.3 PROCEDURE FOR DATA COLLECTION
The cooperation of staff and student were sought to tick
based on their understanding on drug abuse.
Nine (9) questionnaire for students and six (6) questionnaire
for staff of Government College Maiduguri, Nine (9) questionnaire
for students and six (6) questionnaire for staff of Government Day
Senior Secondary School Moduganari, Nine (9) questionnaire for
students and six (6) questionnaire for staff of Arabic Teachers
College Maiduguri, Nine (9) questionnaire for students and six (6)
questionnaire

for

staff

of

Shehu

Garbai

School

Maiduguri

respectively. Making a total of sixty (60) questionnaire altogether.

3.4 INSTRUMENT FOR DATA COLLECTION
The research instrument used in this process of data
collection was questionnaire. A typed questionnaire continuing
nine (9) question for students and six (6) question for teachers on
it were administered to the senior secondary schools in Maiduguri

metropolitan

council.

The

schools

Government

College

Maiduguri,

mentioned

Government

above
Day

are

Senior

Secondary School Moduganari, Arabic Teachers College Maiduguri

and Shehu Garbai School Maiduguri.
3.5 METHOD FOR DATA COLLECTION
The method used in interpreting and analyzing the data
collected was simple percentage. The formula used is as follows:
Percentage score =

score obtained
maximum score

x 100

All the fifteen (15) items on the questionnaire will be

calculated using the formula above. The score will be used to
determine drugs abuse and its implication to learning among
senior secondary school students in Maiduguri metropolitan
council based on the respondent opinion.

CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1
4.2
4.3

Data Analysis
Summary of Findings
Discussion
The aim of this chapter is to present the findings and the

results of data collected for the study. The data collected was
organized using percentage and presented in tabular form. It
forms the basis for discussion on the findings of the study.
4.1 DATA ANALYSIS
Table 4.1: types of drug taken by students in senior secondary
schools in Maiduguri metropolitan council.
S/N

Types of drugs Responde No.

taken

nts

Responses

ge

Indian Hemp

Yes

24

24%

No

76

76%

Yes

37

37%

No

63

63%

Yes

15

15%

No

85

85%

ii

iii

Alcohol

Solutions

of Percenta

Table 4.1 the table above shows that one hundred (100)
respondents responds to the types of drugs taken by students in

senior secondary school in Maiduguri metropolitan council are

classified as follows:
Roman figure (i) revealed that twenty four (24) respondents
representing twenty four percent (24%) agreed that they smoke
Indian hemp, while seventy six (76) respondent representing
seventy six percent (76%) disagreed.
Roman figure (ii) revealed that thirty seven (37) respondents
representing thirty seven percent (37%) agreed that they drink
alcohol, while sixty three (63) respondents representing sixty
three percent (63%) dis agreed.
Roman figure (iii) revealed that fifteen (15) respondents
representing fifteen percent (15%) agreed that they inhale
solutions, while eighty five (85) respondents representing eighty
five percent (85%) disagreed.
Table 4.2: Reasons for drugs addiction among senior secondary
school students in Maiduguri metropolitan council.
S/N

Reasons

addiction

Peer

for

group

rugs Responde
nts

No.

of Percenta

Responses

ge

93

93%

7%

parental Yes

58

58%

No

42

42%

feel Yes

90

90%

among Yes

students.
No
ii

Inadequate
care.

iii

Student

power/energy

when

they take drugs.

No

10

10%

Table 4.2: The table shows that one hundred (100) respondents
respond to the reason for drug addiction among senior secondary
school students in Maiduguri metropolitan council.
Roman figure (i) revealed that Ninety three respondents
representing ninety three percent (93%) were of the opinion that
peer group among students contribute to substance taking, while
seven

(7)

respondents

representing

seven

percent

(7%)

disagreed.
Roman figure (ii) revealed that fifty eight (58) respondents
representing fifty eight percent (58%) had agreed that inadequate
parental care can make student to be involve in substances
abuse, while forty two (42) representing forty two percent (42%)
disagreed.
Roman figure (iii) revealed that ninety (90) respondents
representing ninety percent (90%) were of the opinion that
students feel power or energy when they take drugs, while ten
(10) respondents representing ten percent (10%) disagreed.
Table 4.3: The Implication of drugs addiction on learning among
senior secondary school students in Maiduguri metropolitan
council.

S/N

Implication

addiction

of

drug Responde
nts

No.

of percent

response age
s

Aiding

concentration Yes

8%

No

92

92%

Yes

21

21%

No

79

79%

toward Yes

26

26%

No

74

74%

and alertness.
Ii
iii

Relief from Anxiety.

Calm
everything.

Table 4.3: The table shows that one hundred (100) respondents
responds to implication of drug addiction on learning among
senior secondary school students in Maiduguri metropolitan
council.
Roman

figure

(i)

revealed that eight (8)

respondents

representing eight percent were of the opinion that drugs aid

concentrating and alertness while studying, while ninety two
respondents representing ninety two percent (92%) disagreed.
Roman figure (ii) revealed that twenty one (21) respondents
representing twenty one percent (21%) were of opinion that drugs
addiction make one relief from anxiety, while seventy nine (79)
respondents representing seventy nine percent (79%) disagreed.

Roman figure (iii) revealed that twenty six (26) respondents

representing twenty six percent (26%) were of opinion that drugs
taken make them calm toward everything, while seventy four (74)
respondents representing seventy four percent (74%) disagreed.
Table 4.4: Can you recognize student that take drugs during class?
S/N Respond

No.

of Percentag

ents

respondents

Yes

40%

No

12

60%

Total

20

100%

Primary sources: Teachers questionnaire item 1.

The

table

above

revealed

that

eight

(8)

respondent

representing forty (40%)admitted that can recognizes students

who takes drugs during class, while twelve (12) respondents
representing sixty percent (60%) cannot recognize.
Table 4.5: Does any student you know take drugs without
prescription?
S/N

Responden No.

of Percentage

ts

respondents

Yes

35%

No

13

65%

Total

20

100%

Primary Sources: Teachers questionnaire item No, 3.

Table

4.5:

the

table

shows

that

seven

(7)

respondents

representing thirty five (35%) responds that students takes drugs

without prescription, while thirteen (13) representing sixty five
(65%) did not see any student taking drugs without prescription.
Table 4.6: Do you see an addicted student of drugs taking making
progress in life?
S/No

Responde

No.

of Percenta

nts

responses

ge

Yes

15%

No

17

85%

Total

20

100%

Primary sources: Teachers Questionnaire item No. 5.

Table 4.6: The table above revealed that three (3) respondents
representing fifteen percent (15%)admitted that they see students
of drugs taking with chance of making progress in life while
seventeen (17) representing eighty five percent (85%) disagreed.

Table 4.7: Reasons for Drugs taking

S/N

Reasons for drugs taking

o
A

No.
Responses

Mixing with wrong set of peer 5

of Percenta
ge
25%

group
B

Inadequate parental care.

Student

feel

35%

power/energy 8

40%

when they take drugs.

D

Total

20

100%

Primary sources: Teachers questionnaire item No.2, 6b, Students

questionnaire item No. 5a.
The table above shows that five (5) respondents representing
twenty five percent (25%) were admitted that students mixing
with wrong set of peer group make student into drugs taking,
while seven (7) representing thirty five percent (35%) admitted
that inadequate parental care make students into drug abuse,
while eight (8) respondents (students) representing forty percent
(40%) were admitted that they take drugs just because they feel
active, power or energy.
4.2 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
i. The result of this study indicated that Codeine (Cough Syrup) is
common among the students studied as most of them are
negatively affected when they take it. It means their system is not
used to it.
ii. The findings revealed that most of the students fall into drugs
taking as a result of inadequate parental care and also as a result
of strong peer group influence and the desire to experiment.
iii. Finally the study revealed that drugs abuse did not enhance
academic performance and it has a very negative effects on
learning among senior secondary school students in Maiduguri
Metropolitan council.

4.3 DISCUSSION
The main essence of this study was to critically access drug
addiction and its implication to learning among senior secondary
school students in Maiduguri metropolitan council. The results of
the study will serve as a basis for understanding their implication
to learning.
Form the research findings it was revealed that the most
widely used drugs in the sampled schools was codeine (cough
syrup) this also was reported by National Agency for Food, Drugs
Administration and Control (NAFDAC) (2000). As cited by Haladu
(2003), and reason for this according to cheaper these syrup and
it is easier to obtain and also findings revealed that the sources of
the substances mostly codeine are pharmacy, open market
chemist and homes.
From the findings of the study, it was found that parents
have influence on students drugs culture and also students drugs
culture is as a result of strong peer group influence and the desire
to experiment. The position is supported by Haladu, (2003) who
investigated the factors that are responsible for drugs abuse
among adolescents. He found that mostly, enjoyment, peer group
influence consist with parent and academic pressure among
youths. Apart from academic anxiety for academic success,
adolescent stage is a time when individuals are exposed to
numerous pressure because of physiological and psychological
changes.

From the research, finding it has been revealed that students

use

drugs

to

remove

discomfort

from

their

lives,

aiding

concentration and alertness while studying, it is also in agreement

with social perspective of substance abuse which contends
parental influence, school influence and peer group influence take
high prominence in students overall motive to abuse substances.
It has been discovered from the researchers findings that
the majority of the students take drugs to enhance, concentrate
and alertness while reading their books. Some are of the opinion
that drugs make them feel active, power or energy.

CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 SUMMARY
This chapter summarizes all the work conducted during the study.
This include chapter one which started with background of the
study, brief definition of drugs and learning by different authors
were given. Some factors that were found to be the reasons for
drugs taking and brief definition of drugs addiction and its
possible

implication

on

learning

were

also

given.

Other

information include statement of the study under which the main

reason of this study was briefly explained. The objectives of the
study, the research question under which the types of drugs, the
reasons for taking the drugs and its implications on students
learning were sighted. Significance of the study and scope of the
study. Under this sub-headings, the beneficiaries of the study and
how they can benefit from the study, the limitation of the study
and the reason for the limitation were all explained clearly. Finally,
the definition of the operational terms were given.
In chapter two, the study reviewed some related literature.
The topics in which the review was carried out include: the
conceptual framework, the concept of drugs, under which a
deeper explanation on drugs, categories of addictive drugs and
their signs of addiction was clearly discussed. The concept of
drugs addiction and its implication in this chapter include: the

concept of learning and finally a summary of the review of related

literature and the uniqueness of the study was made.
Chapter three consists of the methodology the design of the
study, the population and sampling where the population and
sample used in the study was clearly explained. The procedure for
data collection and the method of data analysis was clearly given.
In chapter four, the analysis of the data collected was made.
Brief explanation on different options found from the people was
also made. Finally a discussion was made based on the result
obtained from the analysis and the possible taking of drugs
among the students were clearly seen from the discussion on how
to tackle the problem of the drugs taking among students.
5.2 CONCLUSION
Based on the result of the study, conclusions were drawn as
follows:
Some student take drugs as a result of inadequate parental
care, while some students take drugs as a result of play among
peer group while some students take drugs in order to feel high,
active/power or depressed.
The most widely abused drugs among senior secondary
schools students in Maiduguri metropolitan council are the
codeine (cough syrup) and other addictive such as Indian hemp,
alcohol, coffee/power fist and so on and so forth.

Addiction to such drugs is so harmful to human life. Drug

addiction is distasteful to all ramification of human life. It destroys
life. The role of media is very important and it must be urgently
used to effectively curtail this evil that is derailing students from
their academic pursuits.
5.3 RECOMMENDATION
The National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (N.D.L.E.A)
should enforce a law which bans any person below the age of
twenty (20) to buy or sell drugs unless such is authenticated by a
registered physician.
Heavy license should be placed on the importation of foreign
films (the bad ones). Government should charge heavy taxes of
the owners so as to discourage the business.
In case some broadcasting houses that shows foreign films
for entertainment purposes, the management should ensure that
the drugs related segment should be edited out or censored
before airing it to the public.
A well designed television or radio programs capitalization on
the bad effects of drugs and how to avoid addiction be
broadcasted to the target audience. The most effective way such
message can get through to them as in case of radio is via FM
channel since most of the students and other youths are bonds
listening to music on FM frequency bands.

Parents should take care of their children by providing them

with clothing, food and other requirements, the of which the
children may use as an excuse

to drop out of the school and

engage in the act of stealing and taking drugs.

The

state

government

should

establish

guidance

and

counselling centers where those who are not yet mad as a result
of addiction and others that are still in the habit of taking drugs
can be counselled b; a well-trained guidance and counsellors.
A law should be enacted which makes the purchase of drugs
only on prescription and from a registered pharmaceuticals store.
A radio or television programme should be should be
designed to educate, inform and remind parents of the facts that
what they enjoy at home for social life (i.e. Drinking Alcohol and
Smoking) has a devastating effect on their children. This is
because children learn as they see.

REFFERENCES
ABDULLAHI, Z. (2009).Drug abuse among youths: Strategies for
school
counselling,

the

Nigerian

Psychologists, Jos: Nigeria.

Society

of

Educational

PP 131-136.

BALOGUN, S.K. (2006).Chronic intake of separate and combined

alcohol and

nicotine on body maintenance among albino-rats, Journal of

human Ecology, 19(1) 21-24.
FAWA, M.S. (2003). Drug abuse eradicating programme in schools:
The
relevance of team, approach alternative, in A Garba (Ed)
Youth and drug abuse in Nigeria: Strategies and counselling,
Management and control. Kano: Matasa Press.
FAYOMBO, G.A & Aremu, S. (2000).Drugs education and its
effects on the
educational performance of some adolescents drug abusers
in Ibadan, The Counsellor, 18(5, pp 378-387.)
HALADU, A.A. (2003). Outreach strategies for curbing drug abuse
among out
of school youth in Nigeria: A challenge for community based
organization (CBOS), in A Garba (ed). Youth and drug abuse
in Nigeria: Strategies and counselling, Management and
control. Kano: Matasa Press.
KOBIOWU, S.V. (2006). The social and academic implications of
drug abuse
among undergraduates: A case study of Obafemi Awolowo
university,

Ile-Ife,

Nigeria,

International

psychosocial rehabilitation. 11 (1) 661-668.

journal

of

MANBE, D.A. (2008). Crime and drug abuse among Nigerian

youths: A critical
Examination on World Health Organization (WHO), Expert
committee on drug dependence, 28th Report (Unpublished).
ODEJIDE, A.O. (2000). Research, Prevention and Treatment of
Alcohol and
Drug abuse in Nigeria: problem and prospects, paper
presented at 10th Anniversary lecture of CRISA. Jos (5th
October).
OKOYE,

N.N.

(2001).

The

adolescent

and

hard

drugs:

psychological concern
in R.U.N Okonkwo & R.O. Okoye (eds). The Nigerian
Adolescent in perspective. A publication of the Nigerian
society if education.
SAMBO, S. (2008). Understanding guidance and counselling,
Zaria: Ahmadu
Bello University Press Limited.
United Nation Organizations On Drugs And Control. (UNODC)
(2005). World
Health

Organization

Expert

Committee

On

Department

Producing Drugs. Fourteen Report Urban Adolescents Child

development, 61, 2032-2046.
World Book Encyclopedia (2004). Vol. 6, Chicago: World Book.

APPENDIX I
QUESTIONNAIRE

Faculty of Education,
Department of
Business,
University of
Maiduguri,
P.M.B. 1069,
Maiduguri,
Borno State.
Dear Respondent,
I am a final year student of the above institution carrying out
a research on the topic Causes and implication of drug abuse on
learning among senior secondary school students in Maiduguri
metropolitan council
All information collected will be treated confidentially, kindly
fill the questionnaire by ticking [] against the appropriate options
provided for each question.
Yours Faithfully
Iliyahs Abdulrahman

APPENDIX II
QUESTIONAIRE

SECTION A: TYPES AND REASONS FOR DRUGS TAKING.

INSTRUCTIONS: TICK THE APPROPRIATE BOX AS PROVIDED BELOW
1. Do you take drugs? (a)Yes [ ] (b) No [
]
2. What type of drug do you take? (a)Narcotics[

] (b)

Hallucinogens[
]
What is your reason for taking drugs? If yes
(a)
It is because it makes you feel high?(a) Yes [ ] (b)No [
(b)
[

It is because it gives you courage? (a) Yes [

] (b) No

(c)

Does it help you concentrate in the class? (a) Yes [

No [

] (b)

3. Do you take sedatives? (a)Yes [

] (b) No [
]
If yes why?
(a) Is it because it increase your moral? (a )Yes [ ](b) No [
]
(b)
Is it because you just feel like taking it? (a) Yes[
] (b) No
[ ]
(c)

Is it because you want to ease your stress? (a) Yes [

] (b) No [
]
4. Do you take miscellaneous? (a) Yes [

] (b) No [

If Yes Why?
(a)

Does it make you concentrate when studying?(a) Yes [

(b)

(b) No [ ]
Is it because it makes you stay active?(a) Yes [
[

] (b) No

(c)

Is it because you derive pleasure from its flavor?(a)Yes

[

](b) No [

5. Do you take cocaine? (a) Yes [

] (b) No [

If yes why?
(a)

It is because it gives you power or energy? (a)Yes [

] (b)

(b)

No [ ]
It is because it makes you smart and active? (a)Yes [

(c)

(b) No [ ]
It is because you are feeling laziness? (a) Yes [

] (b) No [

]
6. How do you get the money you use to buy drugs?
(a) It is by disposing your Belongings? (a) Yes [
[

] (b) No

(b) Is it by stealing? (a) Yes [

] (b) No [

(c) Is it by begging? (a) Yes [ ] (b) No [ ]

SECTION B: IMPLICATION OF DRUGS ABUSE ON STUDENTS
LEARNING.
1 The implication of Narcotics on students learning could be
(a) Aiding concentration and alertness while studying?
(a)Yes [ ] (b) No [ ]
(b) Make the uses absent himself or come to school late?
(a) Yes [

] (b) No [

(c)

Gaining energy?

(a) Yes [

] (b) No [

(d)

Disturb the brain from studies? (a) Yes [

]
] (b) No [

2. How do you feel after taking Sedatives?

(a)

Do you feel Active? (a) Yes [

] (b) No [

(b)

Does it make you stumble and stagger? (a) Yes [

No [
(c)

] (b)

]
Does it make you weak? (a) Yes [

] (b) No [

3. How okay do you feel when you take solution?

(a)

Does it make you feel relaxed from anxiety? (a) Yes [

(b) No [

(b) Does it aid to having strength for all school activities?

(a) Yes [
(c)

] (b) No [

Does it make you calm towards everything around you

or within the school environment? (a)Yes [
[

] (b) No

FOR STAFF
INSTRUCTIONS: PLEASE TICK THE APPROPRIATE BOX AS PROVIDED
BELOW.
SECTION A: YOUR OPINION IS NEEDED PLEASE.
1. Can you recognizes student that take drugs during class hour?
(a) Yes [ ] (b) No [ ]
If yes, what are the symptoms that makes you recognize.
2. Does inadequate parental care lead to students drugs taking?
(a) Yes [ ] (b) No [ ]
3. Does any student you know takes drugs without prescription?
(a) Yes [ ] (b) No [ ]
4. Do you think peer groups has a lot of influence to themselves in
aspect of drugs? (a) Yes [

] (b) No [

5. Do you see an addicted student of drugs taking has chance of

making progress in life? (a) Yes [

] (b) No [

6. What do you think is students main reason for drugs taking?

(a)

Lack of love from family? (a) Yes [

(b)

Mixing with wrong set of peer group? (a) Yes [

] (b) No [

]
] (b) No

(c)

Not finding interest in academic at all? (a) Yes [

No [

(d)

Too much love from family? (a) Yes [

] (b) No [

] (b)