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INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background
Monitoring of industrial process parameter is complete system in which
sensors are used to collect the data from the actual industrial environment. This
actual environment may be the boiler, chemical tank, nuclear reactor or furnace
etc whose temperature we have to monitor over the Ethernet. The accuracy of
data collection is depending on type of sensor and process whose parameter is
to be monitor, in case of nuclear reactor the accuracy should be high, where as
in case of furnace less accuracy can be acceptable. If we need to connect more
serial devices at a time with high data rate at a time which make the data
processing somewhat difficult due to which system performance is poor.
Another important factor is distance between sensor and host device, as the
distance is increases as the length of wire is increases, which increase the drop.
The solution for this problem we are replacing previous control methods based
on microcontroller with ARM processor and embedded Ethernet interface
system. In which host system carry out one communication at a time which
reduces its load.
The main aim of our project is to implement industrial automation console
that can be easily accessible from distant places through a simple web server
running inside the industry. The basic functionalities in this proposed system
includes automatic control of Lights and monitoring temperature. Internetenabled hardware products are slowly becoming popular. A real web server can
be implemented in a device in your own home connected to your pc via a local
area network. This will allow you to do things like display temperature, control
heater/geyser and switch light/fan remotely from any web browser in the house.
This project comprises of two sub-parts. The front end involves designing a web
1
m) the system is unable to cope with mobility and can only be controlled within
the vicinity. A GSM based communication and control for home appliances has
also been presented by where different AT commands are sent to the Home
Mobile for controlling different appliances. The drawback of this system is that
users are not provided with a graphical user interface and users have to
remember different AT commands to control the connected devices.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
In this chapter, we will discuss about the information found by study and
research that is critical and have an important value in the contribution of the
whole project. It also gives some basic knowledge or theoretical base and is
used as a foundation to successfully achieve the main objectives. Most of the
literatures are from the related articles, journals, books and previous works of
the same fields. These literatures are then compiled and use as a guidance to the
work of this project.
Every client can access the industry directly without any interaction with
additional server and modules [7]. Fig 1 shows proposed DAC system with an
embedded web server. This contains a portable ARM 7 processor. An ARM
processor is responsible for handling all tasks like measuring & conversion of
signals, data base updating, communicating with owner by sending HTML
pages. An ARM 7 processor manages all tasks in parallel in tiny amounts of
time. The client can monitor and control the various industrial parameters in the
web server.
Data acquisition system is most important in industry and consumer
applications. In many applications, human beings have been replaced by
unmanned devices that will acquire data and relay the data back to the base.
There are data-acquisition and control devices that will be a substitute for a
supervisor in a multisite job operation. A web server provides access to the end
device as per the request of client. In these system there is a central functional
unit that host web pages. In these applications, data are uploading on a central
server and are then served to the clients via the Internet. A person that needs to
access any data must first access the server. When configured IP address
entered, predesigned web page get displayed through which we can monitor and
control particular device. However, there is still no effort to minimize the
6
2.2. ETHERNET
Ethernet is the family of wired network technology. And Ethernet is
standardized as IEEE 802.3. The data of Ethernet is grouped into bytes often
called frame. The start of the frame is preamble which is of 7 bytes length. It
contains sets of 0s and 1s arranged alternately. The SFD or start frame
delimiter is a 1 byte binary value. Its left most end contains a 11 by
identifying it, the receiver gets information about arrival of the new frame. Then
7
comes the 48-bit MAC address that contains both source and destination
address. The type of length which is of 2 bytes gives information about the
protocol bound in the succeeding data payload. The frame terminates with a 32bit checksum that performs CRC checking to identify if any error is present [4].
10
11
industrial
automation,
biomedical
engineering,
wireless
powerful embedded systems using which we can carry out many generalpurpose tasks such as playing games and word processing.
3.2.6. Telecommunications:
In the field of telecommunications, the embedded systems can be
categorized as subscriber terminals and network equipment. The subscriber
terminals such as key telephones, ISDN phones, terminal adapters, web cameras
13
3.2.8. Insemination:
Testing and measurement are the fundamental requirements in all
scientific and engineering activities. The measuring equipment we use in
laboratories to measure parameters such as weight, temperature, pressure,
humidity, voltage, current etc. are all embedded systems. Test equipment such
as oscilloscope, spectrum analyzer, logic analyzer, protocol analyzer, radio
communication test set etc. are embedded systems built around powerful
processors. Thank to miniaturization, the test and measuring equipment are now
becoming portable facilitating easy testing and measurement in the field by
field-personnel.
14
3.2.9. Security:
Security of persons and information has always been a major issue. We
need to protect our homes and offices; and also the information we transmit and
store. Developing embedded systems for security applications is one of the most
lucrative businesses nowadays. Security devices at homes, offices, airports etc.
for authentication and verification are embedded systems. Encryption devices
are nearly 99 percent of the processors that are manufactured end up in~
embedded systems. Embedded systems find applications in every industrial
segment-
consumer
electronics,
transportation,
avionics,
biomedical
3.2.10. Finance:
Financial dealing through cash and cheques are now slowly paving way
for transactions using smart cards and ATM (Automatic Teller Machine, also
expanded as Any Time Money) machines. Smart card, of the size of a credit
card, has a small micro-controller and memory; and it interacts with the smart
card reader! ATM machine and acts as an electronic wallet. Smart card
technology has the capability of ushering in a cashless society. Well, the list
goes on. It is no exaggeration to say that eyes wherever you go, you can see, or
at least feel, the work of an embedded system.
15
Microcontroller
General purpose
Single purpose
Read Only
Memory
Random
Access
Memory
Output devices
(CPU)
Communication
interfaces
fetch decode execute cycle. The cycle begins when an instruction is fetched
from a memory location pointed to by the PC to the IR via the data bus.
For embedded system design, many factors impact the CPU selection, e.g.,
the maximum size (number of bits) in a single operand for ALU (8, 16, 32, 64
bits), and CPU clock frequency for timing tick control, i.e. the number of ticks
(clock cycles) per second in measures of MHz A microcontroller is a low cost
processor. Its main attraction is that on the chip itself, there will be many other
components such as memory, serial communication interface, analog to digital
converter etc. So, for small applications, a microcontroller is the best choice as
the number of external components required will be very less. On the other
hand, microprocessors are more powerful, but you need to use many external
components with them. DSP is used mainly for applications in which signal
processing is involved such as audio and video processing.
2. Memory
The memory is categorized as Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read
Only Memory (ROM). The contents of the RAM will be erased if power is
switched off to the chip, whereas ROM retains the contents even if the power is
switched off. So, the firmware is stored in the ROM. When power is switched
on, the processor reads the ROM; the program is executed.
3. Input devices
Unlike the desktops, the input devices to an embedded system have very
limited capability. There will be no keyboard or a mouse, and hence interacting
with the embedded system is no easy task. Many embedded systems will have a
small keypad you press one key to give a specific command. A keypad may be
used to input only the digits. Many embedded systems used in process control
do not have any input device for user interaction they take inputs from sensors
or transducers.
19
4. Output devices
The output devices of the embedded systems also have very limited
capability. Some embedded systems will have a few Light Emitting Diodes
(LEDs) to indicate the health status of the system modules, or for visual
indication of alarms. A small Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) may also be used to
display some important parameters.
5. Communication interfaces
The embedded systems may need to, interact with other embedded systems
at they may have to transmit data to a desktop. To facilitate this, the embedded
systems are provided with one or a few communication interfaces such as
RS232, RS422, RS485, Universal Serial Bus (USB), and IEEE 1394, Ethernet
etc.
6. Application specific circuitry
Sensors, transducers, special processing and control circuitry may be
required in an embedded system, depending on its application. This circuitry
interacts with the processor to carry out the necessary work. The entire
hardware has to be given power supply either through the 230 volts main supply
or through a battery. The hardware has to design in such a way that the power
consumption is minimized.
7. Power supply
Most of the embedded systems now a days work on battery operated
supplies because low power dissipation is always required. Hence the systems
are designed to work with batteries.
project.
4.1. Project Design
The implementation of the project design can be divided in two parts.
Hardware implementation
Firmware implementation
Hardware implementation deals in drawing the schematic on the plane paper
according to the application, testing the schematic design over the breadboard
using the various ICs to find if the design meets the objective, carrying out the
PCB layout of the schematic tested on breadboard, finally preparing the board
and testing the designed hardware.
The firmware part deals in programming the microcontroller so that it can
control the operation of the ICs used in the implementation. In the present
work, we have used the Orcad design software for PCB circuit design, the Keil
v4 software development tool to write and compile the source code, which has
been written in the C language. The Proload programmer has been used to write
this compile code into the microcontroller. The firmware implementation is
explained in the next chapter. The project design and principle are explained in
this chapter using the block diagram and circuit diagram. The block diagram
discusses about the required components of the design and working condition is
explained using circuit diagram and system wiring diagram.
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22
The input to the circuit is applied from the regulated power supply. The a.c.
input i.e., 230V from the mains supply is step down by the transformer to 12V
and is fed to a rectifier. The output obtained from the rectifier is a pulsating d.c
voltage. So in order to get a pure d.c voltage, the output voltage from the
rectifier is fed to a filter to remove any a.c components present even after
rectification. Now, this voltage is given to a voltage regulator to obtain a pure
constant dc voltage.
Vmsint
Transf
ormer
To AC line
Rect
ifier
Filt
er
Regu
lator
Iout
load
Vout
23
4.2.2. Rectifier:
The output from the transformer is fed to the rectifier. It converts A.C. into
pulsating D.C. The rectifier may be a half wave or a full wave rectifier. In this
project, a bridge rectifier is used because of its merits like good stability and full
wave rectification.
4.2.3. Filter:
Capacitive filter is used in this project. It removes the ripples from the
output of rectifier and smoothens the D.C. Output received from this filter is
constant until the mains voltage and load is maintained constant. However, if
either of the two is varied, D.C. voltage received at this point changes.
Therefore a regulator is applied at the output stage.
4.2.4. Voltage regulator:
As the name itself implies, it regulates the input applied to it. A voltage
regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant
voltage level. In this project, power supply of 5V and 12V are required. In order
to obtain these voltage levels shown in figure 4.3, 7805 and 7812 voltage
regulators are to be used. The first number 78 represents positive supply and the
numbers 05, 12 represent the required output voltage levels.
1
2 T1
In
7805
Out
R1-330
C1
0-18V/25mA
104PF
1000F/25v
LED
Diode Bridge
4.3.1.1. Features
16-bit/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S microcontroller in a tiny LQFP64
package.
8 kB to 40 kB of on-chip static RAM and 32 kB to 512 kB of onchip flash memory. 128-bit wide interface/accelerator enables high-speed
60 MHz operation.
25
26
27
28
29
30
Symbol
P
in
Description
ype
P0.0 to
P0.31
/O
P0.0/TXD
0/PWM1
1
9
I
/O
output
for
O UART0.
O
PWM1-Pulse
Width
Modulator
output1.
P0.1/RX
D0/PWM3/
2
1
I
/O
EINT0
PWM3-pulse
width
modulator
O output3
P0.2/SCL
O/CAP0.0
2
2
P0.2-General
/O
purpose
input/output
digital pin
I
/O
O channel0.
P0.3/SDA
0/MAT0.0/E
2
6
I
/O
INT1
purpose
input/output
digital pin.
I
/O
P0.3-General
31
SDAOI2c clock input/output.
The Thumb sets 16-bit instruction length allows it to approach twice the
density of standard ARM code while retaining most of the ARMs performance
advantage over a traditional 16-bit processor using 16-bit registers. This is
possible because Thumb code operates on the same 32-bit register set as ARM
code.
32
Thumb code is able to provide up to 65 % of the code size of ARM, and 160
% of the performance of an equivalent ARM processor connected to a 16-bit
memory system. The particular flash implementation in the LPC2148 allows for
full speed execution also in ARM mode. It is recommended to program
performance critical and short code sections (such as interrupt service routines
and DSP algorithms) in ARM mode. The impact on the overall code size will be
minimal but the speed can be increased by 30% over Thumb mode.
4GB
3.75G
3.5GB
AHB PERIPHERALS
VPB PERIPHERALS
RESERVED ADDRESS SPACE
0FFFF FFFF
0F000 0000
3GB
0E000
2GB
0000
0C000 0000
0C000 0000
07FFF CFFF
8KB ON-CHIP DMA SPACE
RAM
04000
8000
(LPC 2148)
03000 7FFF
RESERVED ADDRESS SPACE
04000 0000
32KB ON-CHIP STATIC 03FFF
RAM FFFF
00008 0000
16KB ON=CHIP STATIC RAM
00007 FFFF
8KB ON-CHIP STATIC RAM
00004 0000
(LPC 2141)
RESERVED ADDRESS SPACE
00003 FFFF
TOTAL OF 512KB ON-CHIP
NON
00001
0000
VOLATILE MEMORY (LPC 2148)
00000
FFFF
TOTAL OF 256KB ON-CHIP
NON
00000 0000
VOLATILE MEMORY (LPC 2146)
TOTAL OF 128KB ON-CHIP
NON
00000
7FFF
00000 8000
VOLATILE MEMORY (LPC 2144)
TOTAL OF 64KB ON-CHIP NON
00000 7FFF
34(LPC 2142)
VOLATILE MEMORY
TOTAL OF 32KB ON-CHIP NON
VOLATILE MEMORY (LPC 2141)
1GB
0.0GB
IRQs to produce the IRQ signal to the ARM processor. The IRQ service routine
can start by reading a register from the VIC and jumping there. If any of the
vectored IRQs are pending, the VIC provides the address of the highest-priority
requesting IRQs service routine, otherwise it provides the address of a default
routine that is shared by all the non-vectored IRQs. The default routine can read
another VIC register to see what IRQs are active.
All GPIO registers are byte addressable, Entire port value can be
37
interrupt overhead.
signal.
only).
4.3.5.9. UARTs
The LPC2148 each contains two UARTs. In addition to standard transmit
and receive data lines, the LPC2148 UART1 also provide a full modem control
handshake interface. Compared to previous LPC2000 microcontrollers, UARTs
in LPC2148 introduce a fractional baud rate generator for both UARTs,
enabling these microcontrollers to achieve standard baud rates such as 115200
with any crystal frequency above 2 MHz. In addition, auto-CTS/RTS flowcontrol functions are fully implemented in hardware (UART1 in LPC2148
only).
Features
16 byte Receive and Transmit FIFOs.
Register locations conform to 550 industry standard.
Receiver FIFO trigger points at 1, 4, 8, and 14 bytes Built-in
fractional baud rate generator covering wide range of baud rates without a
need for external crystals of particular values.
38
whenever any of the aforementioned functions are turned off for any reason.
Since the oscillator and other functions are turned off during Power-down mode,
any wake-up of the processor from Power-down mode makes use of the Wakeup Timer.
The Wake-up Timer monitors the crystal oscillator as the means of checking
whether it is safe to begin code execution. When power is applied to the chip, or
some event caused the chip to exit Power-down mode, some time is required for
the oscillator to produce a signal of sufficient amplitude to drive the clock logic.
The amount of time depends on many factors, including the rate of VDD ramp
(in the case of power on), the type of crystal and its electrical characteristics (if
a quartz crystal is used), as well as any other external circuitry (e.g. capacitors),
and the characteristics of the oscillator itself under the existing ambient
conditions.
Features
Calibrated directly in Celsius (Centigrade)
Linear + 10.0 mV/C scale factor
0.5C accuracy guaranteed (at +25C)
Rated for full 55 to +150C range
Suitable for remote applications
Low cost due to wafer-level trimming
Operates from 4 to 30 volts
Less than 60 A current drain
Low self-heating, 0.08C in still air
Nonlinearity only 14C typical
Low impedance output, 0.1 W for 1 mA load
41
connected across the power supply, then the wiper terminal will provide a
voltage which can be varied from zero up to the maximum of the supply.
Presets
Fig: Preset
These are miniature versions of the standard variable resistor. They are
designed to be mounted directly onto the circuit board and adjusted only when
the circuit is built. For example, to set the frequency of an alarm tone or the
sensitivity of a light-sensitive circuit, a small screwdriver or similar tool is
required to adjust presets.
43
Presets are much cheaper than standard variable resistors so they are
sometimes used in projects where a standard variable resistor would normally
be used.
Multiturn presets are used where very precise adjustments must be made.
The screw must be turned many times (10+) to move the slider from one end of
the track to the other, giving very fine control.
44
45
Features:
Low input current required (typically 5mA).
High isolation voltage-minimum 7500 VAC peak
Applications:
TRIAC driver
Industrial controls
Traffic lights
Vending machines
Motor control
Solid state relay
Solenoid/valve controls
Static AC power switch
Incandescent lamp dimmers
Lamp ballasts
This board utilizes the new Microchip ENC28J60 Stand- Alone Ethernet
Controller IC featuring a host of features to handle most of the network protocol
requirements. The board connects directly to most microcontrollers with a
standard SPI interface with a transfer speed of up to 20 MHz. This module
contains what you need to enable ethernet on your next microcontroller project.
It includes a ENC28J60 ethernet controller, an RJ45 socket with link/activity
lights and integrated transformer. This ethernet module enables you to connect a
particular Embedded device (equipped with SPI support) on to a network. By
using this Ethernet module (along with a microcontroller running a small
TCP/IP stack) applications like Embedded Web server can be easily developed.
47
The circuit board includes all required components for the ethernet
controller, plus a 3.3V Voltage Regulator and a RJ-45 jack with integrated
transformer and built-in Link and Activity LEDs for connection to an Ethernet
Local Area Network.
Features
1. Microchip ENC28J60 Ethernet Chip supporting Microchips
TCP/IP protocol stack, with IPv4,
2. UDP, TCP, DHCP, ICMP, FTP, and HTTP support
3. On board voltage regulator for 3V
4. Compatible with all controllers having an SPI interface, SPI
interface takes only few pins to add Ethernet interface to your
microcontroller project
5. Suitable for Either 5V or 3.3V Interface
6. LAN connector with build in transformer
7. Link and Activity LED's on Ethernet connector
8. 8 pin standard interface connector with spacing of 0.1 (2.54 mm)
row pins
9. IEEE 802.3 Compatible with Integrated MAC and 10Base-T PHY
10.
11.
13.
14.
15.
MHz
Applications
a. Remote control and monitoring
b. Data capture and logging
c. Industrial Automation
d. Building Automation
e. Appliance remote management
f. Robotics
g. Microcontroller Research and Development
h. TCP/IP Research and Development
Specification
a. Board Size: 2.3 x 0.94 (60x24mm)
b. Operating Voltage: +5V DC
c. Current Consumption: 160mA
d. Pin Spacing: 0.1" (2.54mm)
e. Output wire length: 12(304mm)
49
Software
Microchip's TCP-IP stack full featured TCP-IP stack, very easy to configure
and use with PIC microcontrollers. Microchip provides a driver for the
ENC28J60 and a TCP/IP stack including an HTTP web server. Web pages are
stored in external or internal eeprom. This firmware is written in C (Compatible
with Microchip C18 compiler).
components
are
specialized
for
being
used
with
the
50
A model described here is for its low price and great possibilities most
frequently used in practice. It is based on the HD44780 microcontroller
(Hitachi) and can display messages in two lines with 16 characters each. It
displays all the alphabets, Greek letters, punctuation marks, mathematical
symbols etc. In addition, it is possible to display symbols that user makes up on
its own.
Automatic shifting message on display (shift left and right), appearance of
the pointer, backlight etc. are considered as useful characteristics.
Pins Functions
Pi
Function
Name
Ground (0V)
Ground
Vcc
VEE
Register
n No
select
Read
/Write
Enable
given
7
DB0
51
DB1
DB2
10
DB3
11
DB4
12
DB5
13
DB6
14
DB7
15
Backlight Vcc(5V)
Led +
16
Backlight ground(0V)
Led+
There are pins along one side of the small printed board used for connection
to the microcontroller. There are total of 14 pins marked with numbers (16 in
case the background light is built in). Their function is described in the table
below:
LCD screen:
LCD screen consists of two lines with 16 characters each. Each character
consists of 5x7 dot matrix. Contrast on display depends on the power supply
voltage and whether messages are displayed in one or two lines. For that reason,
variable voltage 0-Vdd is applied on pin marked as Vee. Trimmer potentiometer
is usually used for that purpose. Some versions of displays have built in
backlight (blue or green diodes). When used during operating, a resistor for
current limitation should be used (like with any LE diode).
52
Command
RS
RW
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Execution
Time
Clear display
1.64Ms
Cursor home
1.64mS
I/D
40uS
on/off 0
40uS
Display
53
control
Cursor/Display
D/C
R/L
40uS
DL
40uS
CGRAM 0
CGRAM address
DDRAM 0
DDRAM address
40uS
BUSY 0
BF
DDRAM address
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
40uS
from 1
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
40uS
Shift
Function set
Set
40uS
address
Set
address
Read
flag (BF)
Write to CGRAM
or DDRAM
Read
CGRAM
or
DDRAM
I/D 1 = Increment
(by 1)
0 = Shift left
0 = Decrement
(by 1)
S 1 = Display shift on
DL 1 = 8-bit interface
0 = Display shift
0 = 4-bit interface
off
D 1 = Display on
0 = Display off
0 = Display in
one line
U 1 = Cursor on
F 1 = Character format
5x10 dots
0 = Cursor off
54
0 = Character
format 5x7
B 1 = Cursor blink on
0 = Cursor blink
0 = Cursor shift
off
LCD Connection
Depending on how many lines are used for connection to the
microcontroller, there are 8-bit and 4-bit LCD modes. The appropriate mode is
determined at the beginning of the process in a phase called initialization. In
the first case, the data are transferred through outputs D0-D7 as it has been
already explained. In case of 4-bit LED mode, for the sake of saving valuable
I/O pins of the microcontroller, there are only 4 higher bits (D4-D7) used for
communication, while other may be left unconnected.
Consequently, each data is sent to LCD in two steps: four higher bits are
sent first (that normally would be sent through lines D4-D7), four lower bits are
sent afterwards. With the help of initialization, LCD will correctly connect and
interpret each data received. Besides, with regards to the fact that data are rarely
read from LCD (data mainly are transferred from microcontroller to LCD) one
more I/O pin may be saved by simple connecting R/W pin to the Ground. Such
saving has its price.
Even though message displaying will be normally performed, it will not be
possible to read from busy flag since it is not possible to read from display.
55
LCD Initialization
Once the power supply is turned on, LCD is automatically cleared. This
process lasts for approximately 15mS. After that, display is ready to operate.
The mode of operating is set by default. This means that:
1. Display is cleared
2. Mode
DL = 1 Communication through 8-bit interface
N = 0 Messages are displayed in one line
F = 0 Character font 5 x 8 dots
3. Display/Cursor on/off
D = 0 Display off
U = 0 Cursor off
B = 0 Cursor blink off
4. Character entry
ID = 1 Addresses on display are automatically incremented by 1
S = 0 Display shift off
Automatic reset is mainly performed without any problems. If for any
reason power supply voltage does not reach full value in the course of 10mS,
display will start perform completely unpredictably.
56
Contrast control:
To have a clear view of the characters on the LCD, contrast should be
adjusted. To adjust the contrast, the voltage should be varied. For this, a preset
is used which can behave like a variable voltage device. As the voltage of this
preset is varied, the contrast of the LCD can be adjusted.
57
Potentiometer
Variable resistors used as potentiometers have all three terminals
connected. This arrangement is normally used to vary voltage, for example to
set the switching point of a circuit with a sensor, or control the volume
(loudness) in an amplifier circuit. If the terminals at the ends of the track are
connected across the power supply, then the wiper terminal will provide a
voltage which can be varied from zero up to the maximum of the supply.
Presets
These are miniature versions of the standard variable resistor. They are
designed to be mounted directly onto the circuit board and adjusted only when
the circuit is built. For example, to set the frequency of an alarm tone or the
sensitivity of a light-sensitive circuit, a small screwdriver or similar tool is
required to adjust presets.
58
Presets are much cheaper than standard variable resistors so they are
sometimes used in projects where a standard variable resistor would normally
be used.
Multiturn presets are used where very precise adjustments must be made.
The screw must be turned many times (10+) to move the slider from one end of
the track to the other, giving very fine control.
Orcad
Keil Vision4
59
Flash Magic
60
If not, the whole procedure will have to be repeated again. Below figures show
the compilation of the program.
61
63
64
65
66
7.2 CONCLUSION
This is low cost method for monitoring the industrial parameter like
temperature remotely LM 35 is better because it is suitable for all industrial
application in which temperature from -200 C to 600 C , It is accurate, less
expensive and easy to use. Its output is relatively large changed with
temperature as compare with thermocouple. The ARM can communicate with
PC using serial port using RS 232, It support online supervision using not only
private LAN but also using Public network. By using embedded hardware and
software we can control the require industrial parameter and industrial
automation using Ethernet with high accuracy. If we select the proper sensor
depending on the range of temperature measure or industrial environment, we
can increase the sensitivity of this system.
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7.4 ADVANTAGES
1. Power saving
2. No need to go to industry to check parameters status
3. Easy to use
4. Secured also
5. No need of computer ,from mobile itself we can monitor
7.5 APPLICATIONS
Emergency alerts when parameters exceeds their threshold values
Can also be used for
controlling system
Can be used for home or industry security systems
Useful for Weather monitoring systems
68
REFERENCES
[1] www.microbuilder.edu/tutorials/LPC 2148.
[2]
Philips
semiconductor,
LPC
2142/2146/2138,
prelimnary
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