Lesson 4 Basic Principle of Boiler and Turbine

Operation
Topic 4-5
Question
1 Please describe in your own words the difference between the
cold start and hot start
2 Mention the sequences of a typical unit start up
3 Please make the stages in preparing the boiler prior running
up the turbine
4 Please mention the appropriate actions that should be taken
when the abnormal condition occur!
5 What did you know about contraction and expansion on
turbine parts
6 Mention the abnormal occurrences that may be arisen for the
boiler and turbine
7 What should we do if the feed water to the boiler is lost?

Answer

1 Please describe in your own words the difference between the

cold start and hot start!
A cold start is made when the unit has been off load for some
time and it has very little heat left in the metal parts. Contraction
is complete, or almost complete, and before the unit can be
restored to working temperature and pressure a long run up
period will be needed. A hot start is used when the unit has been
off load for a short period and residual heat in the metal parts is
at a high level. Contraction continues for a while.
2 Mention the sequences of a typical unit start up!
A typical unit start up could be divided into the following
sequences:
Draught plant start up
Feed water pumping system start up.
Burner group insertion and ignition.
Turbine runs up.
Mill group start up (for coal fired plants).
Synchronizing.
Turbine loading
Remaining
turbo-generator
auxiliaries
commissioned.
A general change over from manual to automatic
control.
3 Please make the stages in preparing the boiler prior running up
the turbine
-

The boiler is filled with water to the required level

All drains are set correctly
Feed water lines are tested
Economizer re-circulating valve opened
Air and gas dampers are set for firing.
Drum and super heater air cocks are opened to expel air
during initial firing
- Auxiliaries are tested
- Electrostatic precipitator, induced draught fans and forced
draught fans are started up.
- Where fitted, gas re-circulating fans will be started also.
- The boiler will be purged by passing clean air through it
4 Please mention the appropriate actions that should be taken
when the abnormal condition occur!
The appropriate actions that should be taken when the abnormal
condition occur as follows;
Holding or reducing load.
Reducing rate of main steams or reheat temperature rise.

Checking bearing oil pressure and temperature. Checking,

and improving vacuum if poor.
Checking that throttle valves are steady.
Adjusting flange heating steam quantity, or adjusting
gland steam temperature.

5 What did you know about contraction and expansion on turbine

parts
When the heat left the metal parts of the turbine, the contraction
shall happen whereas when the heat comes to metal part of the
turbine, the expansion shall happen
6 Mention the abnormal occurrences that may be arisen for the
boiler and turbine
1 Boiler
Loss of water
Loss of load
Loss of ignition
2 Turbine
Loss of load
Overloading
Loss of steam input
Loss of cooling water
Mechanical failure within the turbine
Disruption in the feed water system
Failure of an auxiliary serving the turbine
7 What should we do if the feed water to the boiler is lost?
- Do not hesitate to trip the fires.
- All drains are closed, especially the blowdowns.
- The economiser must be by-passed on the
gas side or the economiser recirculation
valve opened, where applicable.
- If the feed line is still under pressure and it
is possible to feed the boiler the boiler is
fed slowly to restore its correct level.
- In an emergency of this kind never just hope
that things will work out o.k. positive and
decisive action is called for and the prime
concern is the safety of the personnel and of
the plant.
- If the loss of level in the drum is due, say,
to a burst in a water wall, tube: the fire
must be put out,

The I . D . fan suction is increased to get

suction on the chamber
Blow down valves are closed.
Air cocks are opened when boiler pressure
has fallen to about 50 lb/in2
T he source of failure located if this has not
already been done.
All dust hoppers are emptied as soon as
possible on coal fired plant.