Analysis of Soil and Rock Slope

Stability Influence by Anti-slide Piles

Position
Zhang Xuanwen
Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu, 610500, China

ABSTRACT
For further analysis on the slope stability effects of different reinforcement position of anti-slide
piles, this paper introduced a kind of method of anti-slide pile simulation based on pile element, and
reinforcement of anti-slide pile was use to analyze soil slope and rock slope containing weak
interlayer. The results indicated that: for soil slope, the effect of low anti-slide piles reinforcement was
the best, stable safety coefficient increased by 18%, and bear the largest shear force and bending
moment, the slip surface was located in the lower part of anti-sliding piles, anti-slide piles kept
intact; for the rock slope containing weak interlayer, the effect of median anti-slide piles reinforcement
was the best, stability safety coefficient was increased by 164%,, the slip surface was located in the
weak interlayer internal, and the anti-slide piles were damaged, suggested using sunken piles, which
can not only guarantee the stability of slope, but also can reduce the pile length by 1/3, so as to save
the cost of reinforcement. The results could provide some reference for the anti-slide piles application
optimization of similar slope engineering.

KEYWORDS: anti-slide piles; soil slope; rock slope; weak interlayer; safety coefficient; shear
force; bending moment

PREFACE
Currently, anti-slide pile is one of the often used Slope reinforcement measures. With its
convenient construction, less engineering quantities and less investment, it is widely used. The
mechanism of Stabilizing piles of landslide is to use the anti-slide pile insert the formation of stable
below the sliding surface which provides the resistance to balance the thrust of the landslide, thus
increase the overall stability of the slope [1-3]

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In recent years, many experts and scholars did lots of research in the application of stabilizing
piles in slope engineering, and achieved fruitful results; Internal forces in the design of anti-slide
piles reinforce the slope were calculated and analyzed by Zheng Yingren[4] and determine the
reasonable length of anti-slide pile; To study the deformation characteristics of the slope under the
middle and top anti-slide piles under the action of earthquake Rong Jian[5] establish the indoor test
model; Based on the basic theory of point safety factors, Zhang Lu[6] analyzed the effect of different
yield criteria for determining the position of the sliding surface, studied the trends of potential sliding
surface and characteristics of slope deformation at different depths of the anti-slide piles.
Unfortunately, these studies did not consider the influence of pile position under different rock slope
conditions, due to the complex of rock of slope, anti-slide pile of different rock slope has its different
reinforcement location. In view of this, this paper based on the finite element method, using the pile
element simulate pile to analyze the reinforcement with piles of weak interlayer rocky slope and soil
slope by numerical simulation, compare and analyze different slip surface under different
reinforcement position and different rocky properties, decide the best reinforcement position by the
safety factor, and study the distribution of pile shear and moment, optimize the design of anti-slide
pile.

STRENGTH REDUCTION THE FINITE ELEMENT

In this paper, the finite element strength reduction is adopted to calculate of slope, the real shear
strength of the slope divided by a reduction factor SRF. In order to achieve strength reduction until
the finite element calculation not converge and combined with if the plastic zone through and whether
there is a greater displacement to make a determination .Then we obtain the dangerous sliding surface
based on elastic-plastic finite element results, thus off reduction factor is the stability factor of safety.
[7,8]
. Rock and soil of slope obey the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, strength reduction is calculated
as

c' =

c
SRF

' = arctan

tan
SRF

(1)
(2)

In the formula, c and are the real rock and soil cohesion and internal friction angle;

c ' and ' are cohesion and internal friction angle after reduction ; SRF is strength reduction factor.

CALCULATION MODEL AND PARAMETER SELECTION

To analyze the effects of slope stability of different positions stabilizing piles of under different
rock and soil conditions, two-dimensional model of soil slope and rock slope model with weak

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interlayer are established. The slope model is homogeneous soil slope, the soil is silty clay material,
shown in Figure 1, the rock slope model shown in Figure 2, for class rock. Length of
computational model is 100m and width 60m, the slope height is 45m, slope angle is 34 , the
calculation of rock mechanics parameters in Table 1.

Th
e

we
ak

silty clay

in
te
rl
ay
er

class rock

34

34
the anti-slide pile

the anti-slide pile

Figure 1: Soil slope model

Figure 2: Rock slope model

Table 1: Mechanical parameters of slope

Cohesion/kPa

The angle
of
internal
friction
/

Tensile
strength
/MPa

1860

28

24

0.25

2400

860

40

1.02

0.31

1800

60

22

Rock material

Modulus of
elasticity
/MPa

Poisson's
ratio

density
/kg/m3

Silty clay

30

0.28

ClassIII rock

5500
26

The weak
interlayer

Anti-slide pile is simulated with pile element in the model, by using the elastic material,
including the main parameters of axial stiffness EA and bending stiffness of EI, EA means the per
unit width force of anti slide pile, the unit is kN/m, bending stiffness EI Express force of the units
width multiplied by the square of the length, kN - m2/m. According to the ratio of EI to EA, you can
automatically calculate anti slide pile equivalent thickness d by type (3)
EI
d = 12 EA

(3)

The length of anti slide pile is 20m in the calculation model,the axial stiffness of the EA is 2x106
kN/m, the bending stiffness of EI is 8000kN m2/m, according to the formula (3) the anti slide pile
equivalent thickness d is 0.219m, Poisson's ratio is 0.2.The contact interaction between anti slide pile
and soil is simulated by interaction element, the friction coefficient is 0.4.

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THE ANALYSIS OF BEST PILE POSITION IN SOIL

SLOPE AND ROCK SLOPE
Analysis and calculation results of soil slope
In order to analyze the effects of slope stability on different reinforcement position in the soil
slope model, the slip crack surface of slope of different pile position is shown in Figure 3. The figure
3(a) is the dangerous slope sliding surface under natural state. The safety factor of slope stability is
only 1.01, poor stability, should be reinforced. Figure 3 b, c, d are dangerous sliding surface after
reinforced respectively for the slope with high, medium and low position of anti slide pile .It is clear
that the sliding surface is a circular arc at the bottom of the anti slide pile. The anti slide pile keep
integrity, not destruction. The safety coefficient of three kinds of pile reinforced slope is respectively
1.04, 1.06 and 1.19, which indicate that the high pile and middle pile reinforcement effect is poor, and
the low position of anti slide pile reinforcement effect is the best, the safety coefficient is increased by
18%. By analyzing of Fig d, The reason is the effective length of low anti slide pile is longer, the pile
insert a certain depth below the original slope slip surface, anti slide pile can effectively balance the
slide force of the slope in natural state and give full play to the role of the force of anti slide pile,
effectively improve the overall stability of the slope.

(a) Fs=1.01

(c) Fs=1.06

(b) Fs=1.04

(d) Fs=1.19

Figure 3: Sliding surface of different anti-slide piles position of soil slope

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Table 2 shows the maximum shear and maximum bending moment of soil slope slide Pile in
different reinforced positions. The analysis can be obtained that the maximum shear and maximum
bending moment of the high pile is the smallest, followed by median pile, and low pile bear the
greatest maximum shear and bending moment, respectively, 571kN and 1040kN m, the best
description of the low pile reinforcement, the same result as the above analysis of the safety factor.

Table 2: Maximum shear and moment of different anti-slide piles position

Pile position

Maximum shear

Maximum

(kN

bendingkNm

High

162

601

Middle

245

809

low

571

1040

Rock slope calculation results

To furtherly analyze the impact of the pile position of rock slope on slope stability, Figure 4
shows the destruction of rock slope model containing weak interlayer, the rock slope slip surface in
natural state showed in Picture (a), it can be seen the destruction of rock slope go along with the weak
interlayer, slope safety factor is 1.12. And figure b, c, d shows the destruction of rock slope reinforced
in different position with piles, and it is clear that the results of the analysis is different with chapter
4.1 about soil slope. The slip surface reinforced with piles of rock slope containing weak structure
plane is still along with weak interlayer and the stabilizing piles bear a huge landslide thrust until it
was eventually cut off. The median reinforced piles work best, slope safety factor is 2.96 after
reinforcement, the reasons is the median reinforced with piles divided the landslide into two relatively
even parts, which makes anti-slide pile bear a more uniformly force and help to stabilize the slope.
When using high pile reinforcement, as shown in Fig. b, the landslide below the anti-slide pile is large
and incline to slide, which exert a traction force on the anti slide piles. while using the low-pile
reinforcement, as shown in Fig. d, the upper landslide part of the anti-slide is larger, there is a big
thrust against sliding pile, the above analysis shows that the rock slope stability is the best when using
median position pile reinforcement. Therefore, in such rock slope reinforcement construction, it is
recommended to use this kind of pile reinforcement.

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(a) Fs=1.12

(c) Fs=2.96

(b) Fs=2. 38

(d) Fs=2.63

Figure 4: Failure sketches of different anti-slide piles position of rock slope

Figure 5 and Figure 6 are piles shear and bending moment diagrams of various strengthening
position of rock slope model, from the left to right are respectively the high, medium, low pile
calculations. Analysis shows that the effective length of high pile is only about 1/2 of the pile, and
analysis of low pile Shear diagram (Figure 5, Figure c) as can be seen, there is a clear position of the
mutation, the maximum shear is -4170 kN, the pile force effect is not ideal, but the median piles shear
and moment distribution is more reasonable, and the effective length is the longest. Furtherly, take the
median pile for example, Figure 5 and Figure 6 (b) in FIG, further analysis shows: the median
effective length of the pile is the lower portion of the pile accounts for about 2/3 of the total length of
the pile, the upper 1/3 part of the pile bear only a small portion of the shear and bending moment,
which indicate that anti-slide pile is underutilized. Therefore, when doing a specific construction, the
sink buried pile construction process is proposed, that is to say, pile is buried in the rock and soil
within a certain depth, thus not only can guarantee the stability of the slope, but also reduce the pile
length by 1/3, and save reinforcement costs.

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(a)Max= 2370kN

(b) Max= 2690kN (c) Max= -4170kN

Figure 5: Shear force distribution of anti-slide piles

(a) Max= 2600 kNm (b) Max= 3240 kNm (c) Max= 3080 kNm

Figure 6: Bending moment distribution of anti-slide piles

CONCLUSION
This paper introduces an anti-slide pile simulation method based on pile element, and apply that
in the analysis of soil slope and rock slope reinforcement. The results showed that low-pile works
best in soil slope reinforcement, while the stability safety factor grow largest of median pile in rock
slope, the anti-slide piles can withstand the shear forces and bending moments. For rock slope, the
sink buried pile construction technology is recommended, the pile is buried in the rock and soil in a
certain depth, which both ensure the slope stability and reduce the length of pile, save the cost of
reinforcement.

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[4] . Zheng Ying-ren, Lei Wenjie, Zhao Shangyi: Two problems in the design of anti-slide
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[5] Li Rongjian, Yu Yuzhen, Li Guangxin: Middle and top of slope deformation and antislide pile dynamic response in the soil slope [J]. Mountain Science, 2010, 28 (2): 135140.
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