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WhatisHeat?

Consideraveryhotmugofcoffeeonthecountertopofyour
kitchen.Fordiscussionpurposes,wewillsaythatthecupof
coffeehasatemperatureof80Candthatthesurroundings
(countertop,airinthekitchen,etc.)hasatemperatureof26C.
Whatdoyousupposewillhappeninthissituation?Isuspect
thatyouknowthatthecupofcoffeewillgraduallycooldown
overtime.At80C,youwouldn'tdaredrinkthecoffee.Eventhe
coffeemugwilllikelybetoohottotouch.Butovertime,both
thecoffeemugandthecoffeewillcooldown.Soonitwillbeat
adrinkabletemperature.Andifyouresistthetemptationto
drinkthecoffee,itwilleventuallyreachroomtemperature.The
coffeecoolsfrom80Ctoabout26C.Sowhatishappening
overthecourseoftimetocausethecoffeetocooldown?The
answertothisquestioncanbebothmacroscopicandparticulate
innature.

Onthemacroscopiclevel,wewouldsaythatthecoffeeandthe
mugaretransferringheattothesurroundings.Thistransferof
heatoccursfromthehotcoffeeandhotmugtothesurrounding
air.Thefactthatthecoffeelowersitstemperatureisasignthat
theaveragekineticenergyofitsparticlesisdecreasing.The
coffeeislosingenergy.Themugisalsoloweringits
temperature;theaveragekineticenergyofitsparticlesisalso
decreasing.Themugisalsolosingenergy.Theenergythatis
lostbythecoffeeandthemugisbeingtransferredtothecolder
surroundings.Werefertothistransferofenergyfromthecoffee
andthemugtothesurroundingairandcountertopasheat.In

thissense,heatissimplythetransferofenergyfromahotobject
toacolderobject.
Nowlet'sconsideradifferentscenariothatofacoldcanofpop
placedonthesamekitchencounter.Fordiscussionpurposes,we
willsaythatthepopandthecanwhichcontainsithasa
temperatureof5Candthatthesurroundings(countertop,airin
thekitchen,etc.)hasatemperatureof26C.Whatwillhappen
tothecoldcanofpopoverthecourseoftime?Oncemore,I
suspectthatyouknowtheanswer.Thecoldpopandthe
containerwillbothwarmuptoroomtemperature.Butwhatis
happeningtocausethesecolderthanroomtemperatureobjects
toincreasetheirtemperature?Isthecoldescapingfromthepop
anditscontainer?No!Thereisnosuchthingasthecold
escapingorleaking.Rather,ourexplanationisverysimilarto
theexplanationusedtoexplainwhythecoffeecoolsdown.
Thereisaheattransfer.

Overtime,thepopandthecontainerincreasetheirtemperature.
Thetemperaturerisesfrom5Ctonearly26C.Thisincreasein
temperatureisasignthattheaveragekineticenergyofthe
particleswithinthepopandthecontainerisincreasing.Inorder
fortheparticleswithinthepopandthecontainertoincrease
theirkineticenergy,theymustbegainingenergyfrom
somewhere.Butfromwhere?Energyisbeingtransferredfrom
thesurroundings(countertop,airinthekitchen,etc.)intheform
ofheat.Justasinthecaseofthecoolingcoffeemug,energyis
beingtransferredfromthehighertemperatureobjectstothe
lowertemperatureobject.Oncemore,thisisknownasheatthe
transferofenergyfromthehighertemperatureobjecttoalower
temperatureobject.

http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/thermalP/Lesson-1/What-isHeat

Exercise n.1
LEXICAL ITEM
WORDS
COLLOCATIONS

TEXT FRAMES,
SENTENCE
FRAMES AND
HEADS

Heat, energy, macroscopic, particulate,


temperature, surroundings, flow, measure,
pop, can, leaking
Hot mug, cup of coffee, coffee mug, room
temperature, averagekineticenergy,
averageamount, transfer of energy, different
scenario, kitchencounter, cold pop, cold can,
coldescaping, heattranfer, increase in
temperature, gain energy from somewhere,
higher temperature objects, lower temperature
objects, macroscopiclevel, high temperature
location, low temperature location, over the
course of time, the
energythatislost,surrounding air, the
coldescaping,
For discussionpurposes, What do you suppose,
The answer to thisquestion, On the
macroscopiclevel,
Nowletsconsider,Whatwillhappen, I
suspectthatyouknow the answer, In order for,
Over time, Pss, remember, So, whatis
happening over, Once more

POLYWORDS

Cool down, over time, colder-than-roomtemperature

Exercise n.2

1) Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words or


expressions:
Surrounding air decreasinghotaverage kinetic energy coldertransfer of
energy temperature heatenergytemperature
a) The cup of coffee has a _____________of 80C
b) We refer to this _______________________from the coffee and the
mug to the __________________________ and countertop as
____________.
c) Heat is simply the transfer of _____________ from a
_________object to a_________ object.
d) The fact that the coffee lowers its ______________ is a
sign that the _________________________ of its particles is
____________________

2) Choose the word in the secondcolumnthatdoesnt


match the corresponding word in the first column

Temperature
Energy
Heat
Measure
Coffee
Pop

extremefreezinggoodcool high
boundlessamountkineticrenewab
lered
intense
cool
feel
dead
exhaustion
againstexactlyup easily
down
sad
strong
dark machine
filter
coldgrouprecord
interestingclassic

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