Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Principles of Sedimentation
1)
2)
Sedimentation Theory
Settling Regimes
Type I Discrete particle settling
Type I settling (discrete of free settling) is the settling of
discrete particles in low concentration, with flocculation
and other interparticle effects being negligible.
Settling Types
10
Sedimentation Theory
Type I Discrete particle settling
13
FD
FD
FG
FD=FG-FB
FB
14
FD
FD
FG
FD=FG-FB
CD f U T2 A
FD
2
FB
CD = Drag coefficient
U T = Settling velocity
f = Density of fluid
A = Projected area of particle in the direction of flow
15
FD
FD
FG
FD=FG-FB
Gravitational Force:
FG p gV
FB
p = Density of particle
V = Volume of particle
g = Gravitational acceleration
16
FD
FD
FG
FD=FG-FB
Buoyancy Force:
FB f gV
FB
f = Density of particle
V = Volume of particle
g = Gravitational acceleration
17
FD=FG-FB
CD f U T2 A
FD
2
FG p gV
FB f gV
CD f U T2 A
p gV - f gV
2
CD f U T2 A
Vg p - f
2
UT
2Vg p - f
CDf A
4 3
V = r
3
A = r 2
UT
2Vg p - f
CDf A
4gx p - f
3CD f
Stokes equation
19
f Ux
Re p =
20
21
Laminar Flow
24
CD =
Re p
UT
g p - f x
18
22
24
3
CD =
+
+0.34
Re p
Re p
It is very difficult to represent the transition
zone
However, for many particles found in natural
waters, the density and diameter yield Re
numbers around the transition zone.
23
U T 1.74
g p - f
f
24
25
Particle Shape
CD =
Re p
29
Q
>
A
h = t
28
tQ
Substitute into L =
HW
hQ
L=
HW
hQ
=
LHW
30
Q
becomes c =
Lc W
Q
c =
A
Critical velocity
Overflow velocity
Surface loading
L >L
= 1
c
Q
Lc W
Upflow clarifier
34
Ft (1 xc )
dx
c
35
h
i =
t
ti
36
Sampling port
40
38
40
41
43
44
Ct
R% = 1 100
C0
Co : initial concentration, mg/L
Ct : concentration at time t, at given
depth, mg/L
45
47
FlocculantSettlingORTypeIISettling;
ParticleTrejectory
Free
Sludgezone
Board
depth SideWaterDepthH0
Length,L
WaterLevel
Particletrajectory
Settlingzone
Sludgezone