010.000.

023-06

MAN Diesel & Turbo

Figure 1: Viscosity-temperature diagram (VT diagram)

In the diagram, the fuel temperatures are shown on the horizontal axis and
the viscosity is shown on the vertical axis.

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The diagonal lines correspond to viscosity-temperature curves of fuels with

different reference viscosities. The vertical viscosity axis in mm2/s (cSt)
applies for 40, 50 or 100 C.

Determining the viscosity-temperature curve and the required preheating temperature

Example: Heavy fuel oil with
180 mm/s at 50 C

Prescribed injection viscosity

in mm/s

Required temperature of heavy fuel oil

at engine inlet* in C

12

126 (line c)

14

119 (line d)

Table 1: Determining the viscosity-temperature curve and the required preheating

temperature

D010.000.023-06-0001 EN

General

Explanations of viscosity-temperature diagram

Viscosity-temperature diagram (VT diagram)

Viscosity-temperature diagram (VT diagram)

Viscosity-temperature diagram (VT diagram)

1 (2)

010.000.023-06

MAN Diesel & Turbo

Viscosity-temperature diagram (VT diagram)

* With these figures, the temperature drop between the last preheating
device and the fuel injection pump is not taken into account.
A heavy fuel oil with a viscosity of 180 mm2/s at 50 C can reach a viscosity
of 1,000 mm2/s at 24 C (line e) this is the maximum permissible viscosity
of fuel that the pump can deliver.
A heavy fuel oil discharge temperature of 152 C is reached when using a
recent state-of-the-art preheating device with 8 bar saturated steam. At
higher temperatures there is a risk of residues forming in the preheating system this leads to a reduction in heating output and thermal overloading of
the heavy fuel oil. Asphalt is also formed in this case, i.e. quality deterioration.
The heavy fuel oil lines between the outlet of the last preheating system and
the injection valve must be suitably insulated to limit the maximum drop in
temperature to 4 C. This is the only way to achieve the necessary injection
viscosity of 14 mm2/s for heavy fuel oils with a reference viscosity of 700
mm2/s at 50 C (the maximum viscosity as defined in the international specifications such as ISO CIMAC or British Standard). If heavy fuel oil with a low
reference viscosity is used, the injection viscosity should ideally be 12 mm2/s
in order to achieve more effective atomisation to reduce the combustion residue.
The delivery pump must be designed for heavy fuel oil with a viscosity of up
to 1,000 mm2/s. The pour point also determines whether the pump is capable of transporting the heavy fuel oil. The bunker facility must be designed so
as to allow the heavy fuel oil to be heated to roughly 10 C above the pour
point.

Viscosity

2 (2)

This can be avoided by monitoring the temperature of the fuel. Although the
maximum permissible temperature depends on the viscosity of the fuel, it
must never exceed the following values:

45 C at the most with MGO (DMA) and MDO (DMB) and

60 C at the most with MDO (DMC).

A fuel cooler must therefore be installed.

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If the viscosity of the fuel is < 2 cSt at 40 C, consult the technical service of
MAN Diesel & Turbo SE in Augsburg.

General

Viscosity-temperature diagram (VT diagram)

The viscosity of gas oil or diesel oil (marine diesel oil) upstream of the
engine must be at least 1.9 mm2/s. If the viscosity is too low, this may
cause seizing of the pump plunger or nozzle needle valves as a result
of insufficient lubrication.

D010.000.023-06-0001 EN