Presentation Tips

PowerPoint Presentation Advice

Mike Splane 2006

Structuring Your Talk:

Preparing a talk always takes far longer than you anticipate. Start early!
Write a clear statement of the problem and its importance.
Research. Collect material which may relate to the topic.
Tell a story in a logical sequence.
Stick to the key concepts. Avoid description of specifics and unnecessary details.
If you are making a series of points, organize them from the most to the least important. The less
important points can be skipped if you run short of time.
Keep your sentences short, about 10-20 words each is ideal. This is the way people usually talk.
Strive for clarity. Are these the best words for making your point? Are they unambiguous? Are you
using unfamiliar jargon or acronyms?

Preparing Your Slides:

Presentation Design
Let the picture or graphics tell the story - minimize the use of text.
Dont overload your slides with too much text or data.
FOCUS. In general, using a few powerful slides is the aim.
Type key words in the PowerPoint Notes area listing what to say when displaying the slide. The notes
are printable.
Number your slides and give them a title.
Prepare an Agenda or Table of Contents slide. You can reuse the same slide at the end of the
presentation by changing the title to Summary.
Prepare a company logo slide for your presentation.
You can add a logo and other graphics to every slide using the slide master feature or by adding them
to the footer.
Proofread everything, including visuals and numbers.
Keep like topics together.
Strive for similar line lengths for text.
Visual elements
A font size of 28 to 34 with a bold font is recommended for subtitles. The title default size is 44. Use a
san serif font for titles.
Use clear, simple visuals. Dont confuse the audience.
Use contrast: light on dark or dark on light.
Graphics should make a key concept clearer.
Place your graphics in a similar location within each screen.
To temporarily clear the screen press W or B during the presentation. Press any key to resume the
presentation.
Text
Font size must be large enough to be easily read. Size 28 to 34 with a bold font is recommended.
It is distracting if you use too wide a variety of fonts.
Overuse of text is a common mistake.
Too much text makes the slide unreadable. You may just as well show a blank slide. Stick to a
few key words.
If your audience is reading the slides they are not paying attention to you. If possible, make your

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point with graphics instead of text.

You can use Word Art, or a clip art image of a sign, to convey text in a more interesting way.
Numbers
Numbers are usually confusing to the audience. Use as few as possible and allow extra time for the
audience to do the math.
Numbers should never be ultra precise:
Anticipated Revenues of $660,101.83 looks silly. Are your numbers that accurate? Just say
$660 thousand.
The Break Even Point is 1048.17 units. Are you selling fractions of a unit?
Dont show pennies. Cost per unit is about the only time you would need to show pennies.
If you have more than 12-15 numbers on a slide, thats probably too many.
Using only one number per sentence helps the audience absorb the data.
Statistics
Use the same scale for numbers on a slide. Dont compare thousands to millions.
When using sales data, stick to a single market in the presentation. Worldwide sales, domestic sales,
industry sales, company sales, divisional sales, or sales to a specific market segment are all different
scales. They should not be mixed.
Cite your source on the same slide as the statistic, using a smaller size font.
Charts
Charts need to be clearly labeled. You can make more interesting charts by adding elements from the
drawing toolbar.
Numbers in tables are both hard to see and to understand. There is usually a better way to present
your numerical data than with columns and rows of numbers. Get creative!
PowerPoint deletes portions of charts and worksheets that are imported from Excel, keeping only the
leftmost 5.5 inches. Plan ahead.
Backgrounds
Backgrounds should never distract from the presentation.
Using the default white background is hard on the viewers eyes. You can easily add a design style or a
color to the background.
Backgrounds that are light colored with dark text, or vice versa, look good. A dark background with
white font reduces glare.
Colors appear lighter when projected. Pale colors often appear as white.
Consistent backgrounds add to a professional appearance.
For a long presentation, you may want to change background designs when shifting to a new topic.
Excitement
Slides for business presentations should be dull! You dont want to distract the audience.
Sounds and transition effects can be annoying. Use sparingly.
Animation effects can be interesting when used in moderation.
Too much animation is distracting.
Consider using animated clip art
Consider using custom animation
You can insert video and audio clips into PowerPoint.
You can also insert hyperlinks.

Hints for Efficient Practice:

Timing - Practicing Your Presentation,

Talk through your presentation to see how much time you use for each slide.
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Presentation Tips

Set the automatic slide transition to the amount of time you want to spend discussing each slide.
Are you using the right amount of time per slide? Decide which slides or comments need alteration to
make your presentation smoother.
Change the automatic slide transition settings for individual slides to fit the amount of time needed for
that slide and practice again. Are you still within the time limit?
Decide if you want to remove the automatic slide transition feature before giving the presentation.
Content
Make a list of key words/concepts for each slide
Read through the list before you begin.
Don't attempt to memorize your text;
Your words will probably be different each time you practice.
Think about the ideas, and your words will follow naturally.
Pre-Talk Preparation

Delivering Your Talk:

Plan to get there a few minutes early to set up and test the equipment.
Dress appropriately for your audience.
Turn off your cell phone.
Handouts:
Edward Tufte, the leading expert on visual presentation techniques, advises speakers to always
prepare a handout when giving a PowerPoint presentation.
Make about 10% more handouts than you expect to use.
Distribute handouts at the beginning of your talk.
Opening:
Jump right in and get to the point.
Give your rehearsed opening statement; don't improvise at the last moment.
Use the opening to catch the interest and attention of the audience.
Briefly state the problem or topic you will be discussing.
Briefly summarize your main theme for an idea or solution.
Speaking
Talk at a natural, moderate rate of speech
Project your voice.
Speak clearly and distinctly.
Repeat critical information.
Pause briefly to give your audience time to digest the information on each new slide.
Dont read the slides aloud. Your audience can read them far faster than you can talk.
If you plan to write on the slides to emphasize key points during the presentation, practice ahead of
time. To select the writing tool right-click during the presentation.
Body Language
Keep your eyes on the audience
Use natural gestures.
Dont turn your back to the audience.
Dont hide behind the lectern.
Avoid looking at your notes. Only use them as reference points to keep you on track. Talk, dont read.
Questions
Always leave time for a few questions at the end of the talk.

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If you allow questions during the talk, the presentation time will be about 25% more than the practice
time.
You can jump directly to a slide by typing its number or by right-clicking during the presentation and
choosing from the slide titles.
Relax. If youve done the research you can easily answer most questions.
Some questions are too specific or personal. Politely refuse to answer.
If you cant answer a question, say so. Dont apologize. I dont have that information. Ill try to find out
for you.
Length:
To end on time, you must PRACTICE!
When practicing, try to end early. You need to allow time for audience interruptions and questions.

Demeanor:
Show some enthusiasm. Nobody wants to listen to a dull presentation. On the other hand, dont overdo
it. Nobody talks and gestures like a maniac in real life. How would you explain your ideas to a friend?
Involve your audience. Ask questions, make eye contact, and use humor.
Dont get distracted by audience noises or movements.
Youll forget a minor point or two. Everybody does.
If you temporarily lose your train of thought you can gain time to recover by asking if the audience has
any questions.
Conclusion:
Close the sale.
Concisely summarize your key concepts and the main ideas of your presentation.
Resist the temptation to add a few last impromptu words.
End your talk with the summary statement or question you have prepared. What do you want them to
do? What do you want them to remember?
Consider alternatives to Questions? for your closing slide. A summary of your key points, a cartoon, a
team logo, or a company logo may be stronger.

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