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'

'

Bel<TOpa . (. 53.), o~a

.

~ .... '

-+ -+

-+

[ ] =
.... .. .

"

,,
,
,

...

.. /,,, "

.. '

"

..-

-h

'

,
,
,
,

-+
-+

, I~ I -

sin (;, ),

(2)
,

,~h'''

....

53

....

.... ....

(3)

-+

....

.' : 1) = ; 2) ,
",.
"'
,.. , ,.'

"

-+-+,
(, ) =

-1:

-?

1::

....

sm -t:

-+

....

(, )

mu
-+

= -

-+-+
(, )
.

....

....

sin ~ (, )

um

, .

(4)

-

34
,

ull, ,

"
'

(4)

-+ - + - + - +
[ - [ .
, ,,'

'

1(

-+

1(0

-+-+
[

-+-+
[ .

-+-+

[,

-+

-+

+ ]

-+

-+

,.

<G ,

-+ -+
[, +

-+

,,

-+
-++-+
[.
,
-+-+

-+ -+

[,

-+

+ ]

-+

;0

1,

-+

-+

-;;

+=1

(. 54) , 1 , 1 1 *~

--

h
,

, -

;
"
,

54.

-+ -+ -+
-+
-+'
, ,
, ,
-+-+'-+
-+-+
-+-+

[,

+ [

],

**

11

-+

-+

Jlq BtKTOPI

35
-+-+-+

i, , k (.
-+-+

-+-+

[i

I i i = ,
->--+

[ ]

-+-+

[ k

[kk] = ,

[ ]

, .L,a.,~

-+

-+-+

[i k =

-+
,

[ki]=
-+ -+

-+-+

k,

= i,

....

-+ -+

->--+

'. ,

'+

iJ

-+-+

[kj] -

-+

55) :

-+

k;
-+

i.

-+

-+

-+

-+-+

-+

-+

+ :- az k, i + + bz kJ

-+

-+

+ +

Cz

h r

... '
'..

-+

.<) k

(6)
h

-+

. '. . k,

-.'

.~-.~;;._.-

,.'

bz

az

az

bz

Cz =

(7)

.<

.-_ ..--_

r .

f. , 0~{.

~()
\.-".--'"

1..
".- .'.

~,

.-

55.

----'--

-+
~!i , ,
~,

.'1

~~,-

'.,- - ~'

--~''<,'

.!

z
I

i(c)'je
......

-+
1,

-+

-+

-+

az

-+ -+
[ ]

bz

36

29.

-,;.

BeKTOpCI\Or

-,;. -,;.

([])

(1 )
-,;.

-,;.

-,;.

-,;.

BeKTopCK~
,
.

-~

-,;.

-,;.

+ } + az k,
= i + } + b k.
=. i + } +
k,
-,;.

-,;.

-,;.

-,;.

-,;.

-,;.

-,;.

-,;.

-,;.

-,;.

-,;.

-,;.

Cz

-,;.

-,;.

-,;.

k
bz

Cz

-,;.-,;.

[ ]

-,;.

d=

d x = Cz - bzcy ,
dy-b z - Cz ,
dz = - . ,

-,;.-,;.-,;.

( [ ])

-,;.-,;.

d)

d;,+ d y +az dz

-,;. -,;. -,;.

( [ ]

)=

+ (b

( Cz -

bz )
+ zCb x -

cz )

),

-,;.

-,;.-,;.

[ ]

-,;.

-,;.

-,;.

az

bz
Cz

(2)

, h
~. 56).

37

, \l1 l1

(/

1.

-+-+

',.:::;:: cos (, d),

-+

. .,"

.,

.0

,'

:.: --' _.. ..,..

,

.
,

..

..:

-----~7

......
.
. ,,'

- .
,1

~---;b

..-'.
"

.'~'

-.-----', _.------..,..
,
:'
,:

~ [ ]

,,- ----------------'"":'
,,' .

." .
,-'
',
.',

(3)

-+-+

- - . __ .>.

,"

-'

56.

V-= d .

(4)

-+-+-+
[ ]) =

f'
,,;,{'

-+

__ .t:_.,

(
,""

-+-+

(ad) - d cos
(3) (4)
-+-+

[ ])

:,

= V,

= d

,,~-

-+-+
(, d),

.
-+ -+ -+
( [ ])

= V=

,u.

,'.

-+
'

-+

M1P1

,,

-+

() -

.
-+ ()
=

HeI<Y

~ (. 57)

'

. ,

57 .

-+ -+
[ ]

-+ ()

-+

-+

38

-+

-:-

-+

-;.; ,~

-,

-+-+

-+

(c~.

-+
.

58)
.-+

, I(

d./

-+-+
= '1-+\
r ' sin (,
).

cl

r-

(1)

(, ),

S1

.,.

".

-+

\= \; \. \~ 1~ sin t ,~)

\()

58.

1; () 1=1 ~' . d,

fj )

, u80

20 2
.

ll

."

BeKop~

() ,

.~

.:

, :

, ,

L,

-+

-+

-+ '

'1

"

, h

J(l' ~' '

39

.. BI-II-llVl

++

->

ra]=M(P) ,

'ooI-l lVl :

1(u

01(0

->

1(

I-IM

'

-+

r =
-+

-+

+
i + Z k,
+
-+
i + i + Z
->-

->-

->-

kj

+-0>-->-

ijk

XYZ
->()

() =

Mz () =

Z -

Z,
.

. -

(3)

. (3)
. .
, , Z

, ,

40
, h (3)

--,,
,,
,,

-+

(.

"\,R
-

,,

-+

59),

'----.,....::::

,,
,

,-+

R.

-+

'

. E9~

-+

-+-+

()

[ R]

M1i =

-+-+

.....

+ ]

[,

(4)

-+

-+ ()
M~ ,

-+

()

[ ],

(5)

-+ -+

-+-+

[ ].
-+ -+

-= [ ]

(6)

(6)

[ ]

(5)

()

-+-+

.....

-+M~)

-+

[,

(4)

..... -+

(7)

-+

(7)

-+() -

+
- '

""'()

-+ ()

1; -

h - ,
,

,
.

1), ,

,
.

Bemopa

31. BeI<TOpa
-

',-+
'

),

30

HeI<Y

'/1

,.
-

fl

-+

(.

-+()

fJ
.

,,

,,

60,

-+ ()

'-+
? '

-+ -+ '

[ ].

-+

()

U?'nl lI nrll l

41 .
-+

ri

()

-+

-+ ()

. -+

. cos

()-+

,).

I.

((), ~) =

COS

-). -+

1 .

+)
,

I, M~) =

(+
-).
(
(-+ -). ()
. cos ,
=

+ ()I
1

-).

() -

-+ -

-).-).

( [ ).

Ik

-+-+-+
( [

-1

tlaM I1

-+

--

...

. .
.

-+

z-

(2).
61)

(.

, ,

1.1'

z-ocy

'

IUB)I cos .

'

(1)

z-ocy

-+

-h

1 1

'

-).

. 111- J1~ .

-).

-).

h -

29

-+ -+

d,:

R
.

6l.

42

..

d1 I .=. '()

COS

(1)

1 Cosa =

z-

z-oce,

q
.'4

z-ocy

o~

, BeKTOp~

1 z-oca
+
1 . Be.!<TOp~

d1

32.

=
+

t,

(t)

t;

Q-

v =

(),

-+ .

+ -+

t1 , t2 , , tn ,

-+

r.

+
: u ...

11,12'" . ,

43

[,

1i

?PJeI<ltIlje , y,z
[1

(t),

(,

az = az (t).
J~o
-+

..,""

(t1 ,
ll = ll (t1>
llz
Uz (t1>
otn

t2 , , tn ),
t2 , , t n ),
t2 , , t n ).

I< .

BeI<TOp -

"' 8
,.
.

-)-.

-+

/1t (.

>I1I1 /1 ,
~;>.
-+

(1)

(t).

= (t

/1 t).

62)

(t)

(2)

ii(t+At)

1)118 (1)

-+

-+

/1

(t

/1

/1 t
iO?!'" ',-" -

[
~,.>

'

..

/in

[{{

da
Zim
dt /1 t=

-+

(t

/1!)
/1!

a(t) ,

t,

-+

/1t)
/1!

. 62.
/1

-+

(t)

--

-+

da
dt ti.,

-+

da =
. .

dt.
-+

(t)

44

=
=

az

-+

+ t)

(t

az

- -

(,

(t),
a z (t),

+
+

+ az

+ t),
+ [),

(t
(t

=
=

+ ;

= az (t

(t

+ t)

(t)

----~~A~-t~------~,

lim

t=

x
'==
da
=
dt .

-":)

-+
( ) --'

-+

_( k) = az -:

day
dt '
da z

t '

~d:-

1 11 1
1 1 .

34.

~)

-+

t,

-,

, ,

... ,
t

-+

---

-+

(1)

[,

---

-+

-+-+

-+

'+-+

-- ( + )

-+

-+

t = t

t =

lim

-+---

_ +
(1)

+ ... ,

.
-+
-+
->-+
= + -
-+ -+- -+

t,

(2)

+ ... (2)

+_

-+

-+-

---

da_ db+ dc
dt

dt

-+
d

dt -----=dt

+ ... ,

45

..

= + - +
5.

I~.

...

~~

( )
~

(1)

"

t,

, -

" ,
~~

( )

dt

:;"'''' ,

" - h

->-

Ll ,

(1)

d ()
dt

'

-Ll'-,-'-t-

~b

(3)

(3)

db
. ~
dt :- [

tz )

da
dt

;~ = ( )

dt

dt

(2)

Ll t

~~

'-+
Ll ).

Lla
Llt

", (,

(2)

t,

','

Ll

Ll , ' Ll ,
~

.
[
~

, ,
~

; ,
~

h .
~

. , y-h

46

-+

, h

-+

da
da-+
dt ={Jfao

-+
'

--'-

.
-+

h ,

"

'36.

.
-+
-+

(t)

-+ --

da

-=

dt

d
dt

-+

da
dt

da

dt

h ,

.
=.

.
,

() ( () , () ,

37. .

az(n)).

L (. 63)

, ,

-+

dl, ull-

.'

63.

F (. 64),

47

. '

-+

dF.

dF,

dF,

-+

dF

uuum.

-+

dl

----+

dF

64.

.
L L

-+

dl

L dl. .

~i:~

~ F
-

~""

![

----+

dF'

dF.
,

:t
..

:' /

38. . -
{;. (. 65). -

~~"

-+

!~ ,

"

-+

'"

~ ,
'

~Ji (, , z).
,"
'"

:4'-

.-,'

'

i:

-7

,.

r-

~JeHY II 1 ,

~-

,"',

----""r

?~Je '1'
-+
-+
----+
'1

65.

* q
~. , 00-

!''H:!.~~T"'"

__ . _____ __

___ __

...... _~

.#;. ~ ........

48
--+
1

-+

-+

-+

1 =

-+

(1)

.
-+

1
-+
1

-+

m.

-+

'.

39.

-+

-+

r =

(1)

(t),

-.;.

1 (.

(1),

I1

r h

66).

"

66.

s,

(.

67),

-;.

1:

-+

, , -

s
-+

r =

-+

(s)

(2)

40. .

-+

67.
-"'..,

-+

-+

r (t),

(1)

.49
_

"

"
-+
~paj { r h

~.'

:{"

"'

-.

68)

-+

t,

-+

--

1,. ::"- .

r = r (t),
:; t
6. t,
...~!'
;.'

(.'

1
-

t,

(2)

1--: +

s.r, T(t::,.t)

-7

1
..
-+

-+

+ 6.

-+

= r (t

6. r

68.

.' (3)

t) ,

'.-- -

fi

",_,_.

t;~--'

-+ -

--;,..

rtWTaj 6.
~,'

6.

t,

(2) (3)

'~He 6.
~-,,-

-+

r (t

Ah.o

. -+

6. t) 6. t

6. t-.+O,

t,

r (t)

(4)

.,

--+ .
,
' , /. , '1

.
--+
, - +
-+
6. , dr r
.

'ffi:

".., .s ,
-+

dr

dt

Zim

r (t

6. t) 6. t

r (t)

(4)

-.+

-+

dr
{!

(5)

(5)

-+

IlHIJJ8.MeTpy t.
-+

u
0:':1. .. '

'li!e

-+

.'

dr

t, dt'

kao ~ , u

~;aepelt JU s .

50 ,

s ,
dt s, II s ds, (5) h

t, t;.t

-+

dr
- - 5
ds

-+

dr ' ,
'
ds '
' 1

-+

. Idr
I
[lm
ds -

I '5 I =

1
,

1,

-+
.
BeKmoDa

-+

dr
. .
s, ds 5 Be~
.

, uia fll,

-+"
, m ;

s,

mm m1< ,
-+

:;== 5 =

-+

'

.
~

-; ,
t,
-+

-+

),

, ,

h (

69).

1-; 1- 1,

-+

dr
dt

.
RaKOH:

-+

1:0.

69 .

51

. r
. -.

opi

-+

, '(, /<'
-+

IllI

(.

(s).

......

70)

-+

'= -;.

s
s

L------l~------~A\
t

70.

-+

ft

m ,
-+
ft

-++

,
-

-+
+.

Ii

iPY

. . ,

.. .
...... ,
. ,
. .

-+
dr
_
=

ds

..

-+

(1)

(1)

dr
ds

dTo
ds

fs

--

-+
i
~..

..
fs

(2)

I h

. 1.

(3)

;0) + (;0 0;0)

52

(;: ;0 )

(4)

--+
=

(4)

-+ -+
( )

' ' ,

,-+

-+

-+

I '
=

Q,

-+
,

I I
,

1 -+

-+

-+

(5)

11
l{I<

I<,
2. .

'",

(.

71)"

' , -

1\\

11' 1
'RV

~~ /

1 "

,-+

' ,

,-

t,

-+

r =

.71,

-+

1 (t).

, , ZBeKTopa

, .'

=
=
Z =

11 (t)
12 (!)
h (/) .

, (1)

t,

(1),

()

Z =

f (),

(2)

', ' t o ,

"

t 1 1 , t2 2 ,

,(. 72)

54
~ ,

s = f

(.

(t)

iIl .

'

'

72.

to

;~

, . !<

/IlU QJ

t o .

llll

3t,

(3)

4t.

(3)

'3 .

(.

73).

s =

t,

(t).

.ds =

V 9dt2

16dt2 =

=5

- :~
I'!

, h

UU,

dt =

5dt,

(3),

73.

55

. , 10
.. (. 74), !

....

r (1).

. t

- 11 (t)

z -

..

. . '. +

(1)

110

;:;~

r =

....

74.

(t)
f

(t).
13

t iJ ,

....

t 1 . r

-'?-

"

'.'

'

, , Z,

.
'0

.'l

;:;,.:',.

t,

(2)
.

(3)

!'
.

.-4-

!
.

....

~ ,

.'l

....

dr
dt

.' :' - x't,

.

dy = y't
dt
.,

dz _
dt -

't

z .

(2)

(3)

56
-+
i, r,

-+

dr

'

-+

dr
.
. dt' ,

h :

''

lt BpeMeHY,~
-

----

.,

h.

dx
= Xtr ,
dt

dz
,
=Zt,
dt

dy
/
dt = t,

v y,

Vz,

.
r

-+

V.

Vx, Vy , VZ ,

V V-x-;;2:-+-;--V-y"""2-+;--V-z~~'

z'

', ',

vx Vy; Vz

OPTO~

-+

V =

+ Vy + Vz

-+

Vx

-+

-+

k.

(t)

1 ,
(.

74)

,!/

,!/

ds

h
-+ ,
dr

-+

dr
dt

ds
dt'

57
->-

dr
dt

f'

ds _

dt

(t)

~PT 1.

, -

..... ,
,

. ',:- 2

1,

t,

= t2

2t

t -

16
( 4)

3.

? -

V +

16

4,

I'l

dx
dt
dy
dt
dz
=
dt

Vx

(4)

16 -3,

t.

= 2t

Vy

vz

1,

,--

. '= 1,

"

V =

3.

58

- . - h
t = 5,

:~

.
x = ] - - t2

(5)

t 2

fJ

,
z- ..

(5)

-~

~ TpajeK-__ x-.---o~~:----:~

1 - .
..fIpaBa L

(5)

(.

75).

75.

dx

dt -

Vx

2t

dy
dt

vY

2t

v 8t

2t

V2.

5 '! 10 V 2.
_ h

t =

2t2

1.

ds
dt = v = 4t.

jyhe

u m

m;
.

s=5t-l.

59
ds

dt =v = 5.
li -

s=3t2 +l

ds
dt

(.

t
v

= 6t.

76.)

11
I1

2
12
.

4
24

3
18

~-'

[9 .

...

~..

s,

76.

"'

<'.
,","',

v ="7

~.

i .

I}(' . ~
~~. ' 15
~pee 1800 .
.
-...
. 1800
v = 900 -'- 2 m/sec.
'
{, ,

~'e

( .. 77),

'

It>
-....

-,

~~a .
,

(,.
",-,-

;, , -

"

',

:.

(), -

;'

s,

' .

dy
Y-y=d
-
.

77.

at,

at -

- -

dy

dx

(1)

ds =

bdt

(2)

t (1) h1
(2) h Tpaje~
.

as

(3)

=-

dy

dx

(3)

,! . ].
-

tl

, !

~
1
2

ds

yl2

dy'
dx '

(4)

dx .

_dy ...

dx

'

(4)

dx

--

dy'

v 1 + '2

'

({~ .

.~

(' +

v 1 + '2),

1 .

(5)

61

dy
dx

==

Jl -

k,

(5), h

xk

-1

x-k

1 1

2 (k

+ 1)

' 1 2

'.

. . 44. . -

, (. 78),

, , .

, 2 , ,

....... ' 01
.

... ,

'\'1,

V;

(. 78)

+-++-+
vo, V 1 , V2 , V

01,

. 78

... .

. 78

. , , u
, 8 .

,
.... t
Vv

= 1 (t)
= 2 (t)

Vz

Vx

(t),

t, h .
. .

h .

2
=

3t2
3 (1-t)2.

h ~

dx
dt =

dy

dt

Vx =

.
6 (1-t) .
y
v =-

. ~ 1]
VX

~-ocy,

(.' 7~

Vy 'I'}-oq

1] =

(1)

~ ~

1] -

(t-1).

~ -

t,

(1)
h

,
=

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lJ

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79.

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.,

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63

:;: = Vy =-

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-
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1,

lii

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2 -

2.

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81),

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64

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l::

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(t)

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,

7i

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==

..
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=

'
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dt

+ 14414

67

~I<
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11

6116:

216 =

h I< ,
~-YTa
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t
5
, .
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46.
_

t.

=.; (t)
=
(t)

12

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<

: .

(1

(!)

(.

86)

68
t

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tj

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u.

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.

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()

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,

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.,

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71
i:13

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V

dt'

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,
,

(6),

,
.

72
48. I< . -

, (.
,

89)

(1) .

<:: .

(1)

th

ds
dt = V =

dcp
dt =

(2)

89.

dcp
dt =

(9)

(2)

k,

=
V2 (~2+4).

(7), (8)

.. (3)

"

k =

54 km
100 m.

s =

ds
dt" -

Tw-V

54000
3600

15 m/sec,

73

",

15
=

0,15 m/sec,

100

2 =

2,25 m/sec2

,
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,
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=
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-r

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= v=

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rk 2 sm

,
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,

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1

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= f' (t),

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(t), v = /' (t), =

l'

(t)

s, v, u

., h ,

, .

,,: -. -

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88

= t3

t2

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tl
s

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95),

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94),

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99)
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,
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tg

dv

ds
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/'

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.

V,

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dt

77

s.

(1)

(t)

(.

100)

('

l'

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100.

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f
(t) dt.
.

(3)

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dt

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1 -

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dt,

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S =

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\"

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(5)

~
~
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-

~. .- ' .
BpeMeha t= 1 t = 5,

v = (2!

+ 1) mjsec.
~

',. ~ (5) .

78
5

!(2!

1) dt

[[2 + t ] =

1)2.

28m.

I<.

!f

(, ) (. 101) , 1

. r

/1

12

(t) =

).

(1 )

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[,

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.

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---+

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-+

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101

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1

t::.t

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dt

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-v =

-+

-+

+ kr

dr

dt

dep
dt

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, '

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'

u,

Uk- u.
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v ,,

+
k

u u

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79
-+
-+
k ,

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-

Vc =

.
.

(6)

+vc

V = VVr 2
~

(5)

(7)

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, h

"+

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.,

k , ,

"

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'-

2 '+ '!

. ,.'.,

,.

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.

V Ur

(12)

2.

Il1

= .

at

(13)

(13)

t h

.. ,.,

(14)

, , .

(13)

80
dr
dt

='

dcp

v = V f--;2;;--+'---"""2~-;2
.

53.

2 2,

' (13)
2 t 2

VI

Va)J +

_.

dt .

.-

(.

102)

z
,
, "

, -

/1

.h (t)z=.h

(t) , =

~.
.

(5), (6)

-------------.

V v 2r + v 2c +
VU~r + 2 +

,~

v =

(1).

z-oce

):

:Z

102

v 2z

(2)
(3) .

u2 z.

, ~

(10), (11)

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.
,

- ,

+ [,

""

> =

: , , Zo

~ L (1

+ k t),

,;;

Z,

,.

Zo

+ '(t

k=

,,',

::
:

, h

_ ' =
dt

"

f =

dr =
d2f

'

,~k
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l+'

dcp

d 2 cp

dz
dt

dt 2 '
d 2 z'
dt 2 -

,.

'

'

(2)

'

"

Uz =

(5)

(6)

'l

81

v +

2 ~2

(1.2

2,

(3)

f ,

}!(1.-'{3-=--4-(1.-4-::~~2'----~- - 0.2

54.
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+ ,2 +oz=-,

r2

V,

-.

(10)

r 1+

132

~OBe , V x , V y , Vz, ,
f~
v2 = Vx 2
Vy2
Vz 2,

f: ', ',

dS)2
(dt

v =
2

'2

(11)

(1)

z',

,
+ ' z +

z'2.

(2)

ds 2
V2= dt ,
~~

(3)

h .

-~

~o

-+
~\<
3I V.

ds

&

1:

'

~:~ h

+ '" + z'z

-+ (4)

i'jf-

fi1 .
~~.'

'I!f'
~--

V,

~~O

11
12

=
=

'

(q" q2' qa)

(ql' q2' q)
1 (ql' q2' qs)

+
11
ql
q2
12 q' + 12
ql
q2
'+ 1
Ql ql
q2
11 q'

'

z'

12 =

22

+ qs11
q' +
qs
q' +
qs
Q2'

q2

qs' )

q'
q'

(6)
~( fz )2
f 2

q"

(6)

+
ql
ql
( )2 + /Z )2 +
11 )2

(5)

ql

f 2

q2

82

(11 )2
.q

. !2

ql

l1 . !l
s. Oql

l1

qz

+ (q )'
f

+ f

q2

qz

v2

A2 jQ

'12+

. l

+ f . l
s l
s ql
. !l + !z + . f

=
2

!l. !
qz

)2

A z2q'z2

2 q ' 2

qz

2 Blq'2q'~+ 2 BZq'Sq'l

2 'q'q'2
2 lq'2'
2 q

2
ds

2
2
A dq1
j

2 dq 1 dq2.
.

ds 2

2
A z dq2 2

+ dq + 2 1dq2dq + 2 2dqdql~

1,

, l

9,

11. cos cos 1

- cos sin 1
z = 11. sin ,

'
'

r/.cos cos 1 - 11. sin ' cos 1

11.' cos sin 1 -:- 11. sin ' sin 1
(/ sin
11. cos ',

z'

'2

+ '2 +

Z'2 =

11.'2

11.2 cos 2cp 1)/2

11. cos sin 1 'Iji

11. cos cos 1 'IjJ

+ '2,
2

83

I<

ds 2 ,

., , '
/1\

,,

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\
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','-.,

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if'

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,

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I
L

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11)

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,:

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I
" , 1I

... ,

-----

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II

dZ '''' . .

~\

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I
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v2 ,

;
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103.

104.

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,
;

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~,

(.

dz,

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dz 2 ,
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1(5.

,
(.

104)

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(.

105)

ds 2 = dr/
56. . -

r/cos2

+ r;/dcp2. '

'

(lgitud

(velocifas =v)

d1jJ2

= , (tempus =',
(acceleratio = ).

h , ~~

, u.

, Be~

$.1

tp ],

. .

~ lt

IJ

.f,

[v]

= [ ;]

= /t-\

v
.

f,

ds ,
dt

dt

[] =[t~] - zt-2 ,

t.

opeyje~

t,

Ij
iJ

85 _

I{

57.

(),

[ ,

",- ~HaKe

~_~
~

"'----.JI

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g
.

106.

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t'

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.. _-.-

------------------------------

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106)

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- -/--"11--7

~,

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{
"

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!;--

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[i- .

fll
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fr
'"
lOPHO

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Lc<

~;' ,
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~i_
i:><.

s =

(t),

(t)

' (t).

u =

~i<

"-

[ 12 mjsec.

k,

dv =k

dt

11

k dt

,-

,-

12m =

600k

k -= u = 0,02 mjsec 2

86

58.

S (. 107) h ~ 1'

, 1 , 2 , -

u-

k.

r_ ~

,r,

(.

108)

1 ,

107.

s =

._~

.t

------

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<: ,

., ,

(1)

j(t).

(1)

,
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-------+----,

~ ==

Q)

108.

(2)

=f(t) .

Q)

__ --

2, ,

2".

"

2~
Q)

-,

Q)

V =

2~

2:

2"

87

O):v-l:t
v =

(3)

:
.

u u ll

J"U

... ,

Ut =
"'

(4)

(5)

, .

5000

So

to

=~ ,

k,

-k ,

dt

.-

.k

dt

'.

! =

lI.

1,
100

kt,

5000 . 2n

100

kt 2
2

kt dt -

10000
k

10000 k
7t

2
2.

10000 k ,

88

'

k = 2rrc.

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I<

59.

I<.

l',

u.

z,

109).
110)

+ ,

=
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,
,

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,
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+ .

,
:.0--..

iP
,
,

r cos kt
r sin kt

z-oce

(1)

r cos kt
r sin kt '

. 109

z-oce

(.

(.

, z-oce,

(3)

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~ 1] ~

01

111)

(.

,
,
,

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,

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~ 1] ~ .

nra .

01

111.

01

Oxyz .

-+
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Llt
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-+

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,

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= "*v - v

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:

f] u .

. 500.
,

, .

36 km,

1,8 km

, .

10

1800
3606

. =

10

u.

600

10,5

10,5

dt

[t]

to =

h
600

.
,.,
10 mjs~

(4)
10m/sec
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u. =

v u.

0,5 mjsec

36000
3600

6300m.

(.

1 2),

CBoJ~

v.
VO =

lm

to

112.

(,

qJ
11

= w t,

v t.

, , -

*.

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1j~ 1 2 ; ,

.~4e 2
~Kaa t, h

fy ,
. r =

v
-

q>.

()

: .

1 u, 1 2

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f].

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(1736 -

1806) u.

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0,4' - 0,2
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.
~

100 kg.

121:

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1,4 kg.

"

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..
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1 ,

ft , F

V"

67.

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40

l-

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981 cm/sec 2

-.

cmjsec2 , . - 981 cmjsec2 ,

1 gr

981

/{-u 10

(megadyne).
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fl

(1)

9,81mjsec2

/{-.

,
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10 : 9,81,

--

: 1 kg -

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(2)

~
,

1cmjsec 2 ;
cmjsec2,

103

10

106 .
h

(1), (2)

(3)

(3)

, JI

1 kg.

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981000

9,81 . 105

,
-

u 1,

h (. .

S),

S).*
,

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-,

, (. .

S).

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)l{

i1lU1l0*

Il

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i1llln:U
.

cKpaheHo

,
,

(M.F.S)
-+

I<

-+

I< .

I<.
.

..
.....

61',

,
,

.
,

. .
; lj
.

... 22) , -

..
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,

!I

-+
-+

= u
(1)
(1) ,

122.

, , ;

d2y d 2 z
.
.
, dt2' dt 2 ' h
Q .

d 2x

m dt 2 =

d 2y

dt 2

.=

d 2z
m dt 2

(2)

i .* '. terrestre,
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: , '

.
: , ,

Pz

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([' dt' dt

z,

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t.

' r'

f{ , ,

1 , 2 ,

h ... "'

.
.

. r

' ,

t=

to,

(dx
Zo, di

Y
(d
dt

dz
dt

'

.. .

11
= 12
z = 1

(t)

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(t)

,
: ,

(2) r :

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dt 2 =

(4)

=h
= h

(
(.

,,",

d 2x
dt 2 -;

fl

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1 (t).

h Kpe~"j
,

,

'

= mt,
t o = 1,

(5)

(6)'
Vo

(6)
d 2x

dt 2

=mt

1.

105
d 2x

dt 2
d

dx

dt
dt
dx

t dt,

dt

dx

dt

dt =

t2
2

dx :-

t2

+ 1

1 '

(7)

dt,.

:~

ts

(7)

+ 1 t + 2

11

(8)

, h:

~.

+ 1 ,

o-,r:_

\'

"

1
2

(8)

h,

t , h
1

1
6

1
2

~,'-

'--

4
3
(8)
--'

~ , h
~ ,

t3
6

t
2

4
3'

(9)

106

,
.

1.

pai

-L
~,

'

.=

(10)

mk,

d2x
dt 2

k.

(11)

(11) h

dx

dt

'

(kt

+ 1)

.
k dt
k

dt =. 2

+ 1 ,
+ 1 t + 2 ,

kt

t2

(12)

(13)

,'

(13)

}.1!

. KOHCTaH;~
1 2 .

. Il. -

~
,
.

( ),

(),

(14)

()

d2x
dt2

(15)

(15)

d 2x

dx

dt 2

dx

dt. =

(). dt

'

dx

dt
dt

dx

dt

()

dx

dt

107
d (~ . dx
dt
dt

()

dx

dx
dt

dx
dt

()

()

()

dx =

!'

+ 1

dx
v--;-;dt
dx

~/1(X)

+ 1

l'iii 1

(16)

dt

(16)

dx

v () + 1 + 2

(17)

1 2
.

lI/. -

= (t)

It'I!OCHO

d2x

dt 2 =

d 2x
dt 2 =

(18)

(!),

(19)

(t).

(19)

(~)
dt

(t)

(t)

~9a

d (dX
dt
dx
dt

dt

(!) dt= (t)

I1

=!

(t)+C1

dt=1V(f)+C1 f+C2

; 1 2 .

;08

IV. -

!(v)

(20)

m~

mj(v)

dv
dt = j(v).

(21)

(21)
,

dt =

dv

(22)

/(v)

, h

dv

t -

+ .

f(v)

(23)

dx
dt = v, dx =

. ""

(22)

vdt,

vdy
dx = f(v)

(24)

1 Xl
.'

, ..

..

=
...:...Z =

11
h
h

, Z
.,
.

(t)
(t)
)

//,( =

k'(t)

v + + pz

.,
.

13, '(,
,

cos ,

: ,
:

. . t;;

cos

2'

Pz

~,

=. cos,(,
,

Z.

'

'

s = kt2

t.

d 2s
dt 2 = 2k;

,.'

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dt 2 = 2

2mk

69.

1<
1<.*

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123),

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N
.

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(1)

dv dt

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-+

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-=

Q
.

47,

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(4)

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,
;

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,

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.rG

70:

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.,

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t,

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g,

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'

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-, -

",.

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mg,

I , h

z,

=g

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=g

( dt

dt

d( ddSt) = gdt,

(2)

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= gt+

dt
V =

Vo

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(4)
~

s =

(3)

+g

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(3)

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t2

Vo

()

So ;

to =

Vo So

s=e t2

(6)

s,

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g t 2

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g,

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fil!1

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-'

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.

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245,25 ,,'

,
h .

'

(8)

V2 9,81245,25 --

t --

5V2

, sec.

(11)
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(12)

117,72 m/sec.

_ (117,72)2 _ 70632
s
2 . 9,81
' m.

72.

.'

vo'

u ;

.,

, u .

(4)

1]3

+ gt

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(1)

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c}Vlep

(1)

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(2)
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---

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S --- V o

( 4)

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'.

f1 =

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=vo t,

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,

--.:

li

s
s

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2 '
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73. je,lI,HaI<O
.

125

;
.

riopeHo

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, ,

_.

. r:

~.

. ,

30 sec

54 km

'.

0,4 mjsec.

'

54000
3600

v =

71,

15 m/sec.

(9)

ll,

. 15

= 30 =

(6),

30

05

sec.-

71,

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s."

O,4msec

025 302

225.

15 . 180

2700m.

115

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15

15
.
04 = 37,5 sec,

t =

.'l ,".

. .'l 0,4 ,

3;5 15

S1+ +
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225

S3

281,25 m.

0,5 mjsec

+ 2700 + 281,25 =

3206,25 ;

"

+ 180 + 37,5 =

30

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247,5 .
25 mjsec

: mjsec.
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"
"

.'l
,

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"

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250

50 sec.

[l

700 mjsec,

(-

(9)

700
1
122500 = 175

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t=

25 Il' :

'

sec.
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I.

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Mac~J

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()

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to =

uu ,

=00

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vo cos

' =

I/f

.
sm

Vo

126

(1)

-+

-+

-+

P=mu~-mg'

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-mg

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-+

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"

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(2)

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' =

gt

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!.

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2 =

cos (1,
t= to
2 =

Vo

(3)

(.

sin

+ gt

,
Vo

sin

1 2

(3),

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'

cos

' =

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,
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/ 2 '

sin

Vo

Vo

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~ .

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117
gt 2
2

t sin

(4)

==

(5)

tg

(5)

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g
2
~~=--~-

2vo2 cos 2

(l

.. .
. = W .
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,

t sin

2vo sin ,
g

(4)

b~

o-t 2

2 V o sin

gt =

(5)

-.

2v
sin

o
--''-----
g

Vo

. 2 .
sm

()
Jt

"2 =

.-9:

W.
2

-.900

..

900,

Jt

4 =

450.

W
150

l\1

327mjsec,

f:h .
()

3272
l'
.
W= 9,81 . 2" == 5450 .
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300

490,5 mjsec,

'

h .

(5)

2
g
t

t
Vo SLn -- 2

sm

2'

490,5ml sec

Vo

1 t_ 9 ,81 t 2
2
2

. = 490,5 .

(7)

dy

9,81 t;

dt = 245,25 -

(8)

9,81.

je~]1

, h

t= 25.

(7)

75.

Iz =
I{ R.

(7) ,
t = 25,
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127),

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,,

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/{ fJ u 1,
u , u,

UUfJ

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.-

76.
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-+

-+

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-,
dt

(1)

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10

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10

-+

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-+

nz (v -

10

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v o)'

, Ulll ru.

(2)

(2)

6 .

dt =

(v x -

vox ), .

dt =

(v y -

VOy ),

dt =

(vz-v oz).

to
1

to
t

Pz
to

(3)
to
,

(3)

Pt

to -

v,

:; =

(4)

(4).

.,

QrAn

nn

0,01962 kg.,
v.

200 mlsec,

06-

19,62.200
9,81

G'f @)

0,4 kg.

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lt-

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---,"~

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F,

(.

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128.),

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[ fA ],

128 .

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129.)

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lj

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129

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u u urn.

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-,

(kgm);

80.

[Jlv

...30),

.....
'.

s,

-7

-7

6.s

-7

6..

1 ,
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-7

6.s

-7

ds

c.~.

13G

-7

-7

ds =

,dr,
6. = dA

-7

dA

-7

dr)

-7 -7

(1)

ds).
-7

, 1 ,

-7

-7

-7

-7

dr) =

-7

ds),

(2)

r
#'

26,

( 1 , 1' Z1)
=

(Xdx
(, ,

z)

+ Ydy + Zdz).

(3)

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: ,
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-+
ds.

->

, :

dx, dy, dz

z-ocy,

(I> 1)
=

dx

dy),

(4)

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Ps.

s
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t,

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300000
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15 000 000 kgm.

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--

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[]

= [Pl] .

Kpehe

79.

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mv2
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'"

mv 2

2-

Ul

u n.

-+
.
, ~D , , l1

ro

r
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-+ -+

(Pdr) =

--

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dr),

to

ro

-+

dv-+
- v dt)
dt

=;
to

d
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mv

(3)

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ro

Leibnitz Gottfried Vilhelm (1646

1716)

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Vo

(3)

, m

umu

= mV =.
2

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[]
h

(1)

(4)

t-2 ].

_.

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5 kg,
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, h

';'

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5 kg

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100 m,

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(5 . 1) kgm,

5 . 100 -

, -

9,81 2'

V'2 981

V =

(2)

44,3 m/sec.

(, , z)

-+ -+

(Xdx

dr)

+ Ydy+ Zdz),

( ' ' za)

(, ,

80.

(Xdx

z)

+ Ydy + Zdz).

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dA
dt ,

dT

-d':"':t'

[]

. . . dt

..

[ -]

.....
.

--

1 kg

-u

. ~.I:J~~

75

kg

(kgm/sec).

tO

10

l).

(WaH, W.).

100 tVatt .. 1 Hectowatt ( W)

1000 Watt = 1 iZvtt (k W).
;

",

(3) 67, :v

7200 kg
.

9,81

5 m.

..... 1 kgm
9,81 . 107 =
. ... kgmjsec = 9,81 W
.

(4)
(5)
1

'12'
,
,
,-"

7200 . 5
..
60 - =-= 600 kgmjsec = 8 .$,

jsec 9,81 W

1 P.S =

75 l(gmjsec;

= 5886 W.

81.

(''r

l) 1l0
.

Oxyz

"n;

, !-'.LJ.
, ,

z,

.
ll

82.

. . .

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(.

ds

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131)

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Z,

dx, dy, dz.

-+

-+

dA=(P ds)
Z dz.

dx+

(1)

dy +

131

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(, ,
(, ,

Im

z)

z)

( dx

dy

+ Z dz).,

(2)

dx

+ dy + Z dz

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u (, , z),
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."

1,-

..

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fto

. U

'"

u (, ,

z)
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.

(, ,

( dx
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z)

+ d + Z dz)=

(4)

l! Jl

79,

(5),
(5)

Jl ,

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(6)
.

Uo.

(4)
(5)

+ h,

= U

(7)

(7)

(7)

(7),

u:l

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(9)

(10)

\-!.

(1 )

/f n

'''''

ma!;lKe.

l(

. ;-'
U8

(9)

Xdx

+ Ydy + Zdz

'

dz

Xdx

U,

Ydy

-------,

_ _

Oz

'

129

(3)

1 , 2 , , . ,

(, , z) =

(, , z) =

C 1,

(, , z)

, ... ,

,
,
.

n.

2 ,

u,

, I
-r

-r
dS(Ha ),
-r -r
-r -+
d = ( ds) = ds cos (, ds) = d U.

d U =0

, U
,

-r -r

ds) =

-r

(,

ds cos

-r

ds) =

, :

"

,
;

(.

132),

-+
,

i ,
-+

: ,
:
~

"

/./"'_ L

Y,Z,

. = (,, z), = (x,y,z),

L.

,.

Z= \ (, , z).

:----!
o

f-::

132.

130

. -

-+

dx, dy, dz.

,

-7

dx

dy

dz

Z'

dx

(,

dy

< (, ,

z) -

z)

--

dz
'IjJ (, , z)

dy
dx
dz
dx

< (, ,

_
_
-

z)
z)

(, ,

, ,

(, ,

(9), (1 ), (11)

-4

(11)

z)
z) .

--~

.,

~~,

(9), (10), (11)

L,

, ,

U = _ 2 U _ U =

'
'z
'

-~~

-, -.

.
.;

-~

,-

'.

U =

U=

1 ,

U =

21 ,

..
h *

,.

131

2 =0,
- 2 = \,
. 133 .

;."

21 ,

.. ,

." ~l

'. dx

dy

. -----;;
=-~o-,

!I
.
!

,,

,,

,
,

30

133.

t:JIHe. -.

-+

,
=

2, =

-+

, ,

'.

-+

~.

'

dy

U
.
,
~

2.

2.

=. -

x~--C.

.
~

dx
2

dy

132

xdx

2ydy,

2ydy

dx,

!1
2 -

2 2 =

.l .

. -

, ~1
= + 2
= ,
2

=F ;

, .

fl!

Z,

(, ,

z),

x=aU

=-'
Z = z'

'

= aU->:
l

+ U->:
+
aU1
]
z'

U->:
l

+ au+. + au 1
]

U,

az'

;~
,...,"
'

grad U,

grad U,

133
.

iii;-

. .

. l

=-

mg.

U = -

mgz.

==

nigz.

mgz

mgx =

Z-OCOM.

83.

I<s .

! , ,

~ ' N o N (. 134.)
~ ,
, ,

Z,

(Xdx

+ Ydy + Zdz) =

U - Uo

=
' h:

{U - U

U -

Uo ,

lj

o
,
' :

. . '

- ~.____M",o,,--_ __ l{,(:r..!Io.zJ

. , m
.

:fj - N _c-_-+---:"-U(.c,y,z)
1
2

-u

13n

13

,' Ul m;

134.

134
, ,

l
.

2
(3)

78

84.

--+

(.

135)

UU8
;

--+

-+

u-

--+

--+

-+
, .

135.

-+

-+
- (),

(1)

' .

, , ,.
,

-+

r
-

, ,

,~

'i,
-

135
(, ) =

---"

cos (, =

' cos

(,

z-c
r

z) =

-+
f,1
,

=()

=()

z =1 ()

'

z-c
r

[
-"" '
~.'>

- -

= -

Z = 'l1a

~
r

()
()

()

r
-

z-c

,'

1/!

f ,

(7)

(2)

(+)

it~),

t () . -
r

_ t () . -

(3)

. r

Z = t

() .

z-c
r

-+

= t ( r ).

-+

'

dr

)2

)2

(z -

)2,

+ ( - )2 + (z - )2.
(5) h
2 ( - ) dx + 2 ( - ) dy + 2 (z -

2 =

( -

(4)

)2

(5).
)

dz

rdr

(-)

dx+ (y-.b)dy+(z-c)dz.

(6)

36,

(3)
dx,

Xdx

dy,

+ Ydy + Zdz = \jI r()

[( - ) dx+(y

dy

+
,

Xdx

dz,

+ Zdz =

(6)

()

\jI

r dr =

) dy + (z-c}

(7)

\jI tr) dr.

(7)

'!fl

{!

, ,

(, ,

z),

-?-

82,

(, ,

z),

, h :
.

85.
(

136.)

t,

dt

dcp,

-?-

ds,

::.......,:;L...,;=-"'---/M

1 ,

136.

' 1,

1 r2 d
'2

dF

ds

ro,

u u~

dcp

r '1

.:

48,

-?-

dF
dt

86.

1
=

1 2
2 r

dcp
dt -

"

=2

m fJfl.

I< 8*.

* Kepler

(1571 -

1630)

137
~

, :

10.

20.

"

"

.
{' =

137),

-. -"'--:.?-~--+':......!'----+-

1;

F;,

1+10 coscp
, '

(1)

, ,

. 10

".

"

(.
.

30.

,'

F1

"2

,~ w

,.

137.

2 '

"2

(2)

,2 W

==

(3)

, h

(4)

~;T"'3"8' -

,_.

87.

(1)

'

=2'w +'= ~

(2)

(r w).
2

(3),

-+

(3)

--~

<""

,;W

(2).

dr

dt
h

w
/

dr
dcp

dr

d () ,
--:---=-
dcp
2
dcp

'

d2Cf)
dCfJ2

"=-

dr .
,
d

dcp _
dt

=-

"

w (2)

1!

-* ,

1
r

(4)

TpajeKTO~:
;

; COS CfJ'

(5)

* Binet jacques
u.

(1786 -

COS

CfJ,

(6)

1856)

,
II
.

(7)
I

1
_.
- ,

(8)
,

If5
2

=-

(9)

f!<0jOM

2
=-m-

~KO

(10)

(10)

,2

-,

m2

= -

,2'

(11)

~o

ab1t

_2--:;:;;-.

2,2

8,

(11) h
4 8 1t2 ,

4 8

,2

1t 2 -

(12)

(12)

__ .

,2

(13)

140
,
,

(13)

)..1

,2

(13)

'1

1.1

-k

= 1.1

k.
(13) . bY~

- k

,2 ,

(14)

u u~i

uu, ii10 iu 1<,

ii1.

,2

(15)

, ~;,

(10)

-'--

1
,2'

, - -,

. ,2

d )
2

dq12

+,

21

h (+) - ,

141
(16)

}, (16)

]'

\'1'f,

=--

G ~ ,

1
. -

h -

~----~p~~--~.
1 --+- G COS (~ - )

(17)

(17)

<:

>

1
f =
1.
,
G

. .

88.

(.

...

138.)

_----------------

"

'I

!'

' - -.' .

, !,

-_.--,

,
,

i'

'
(

138

, ,

d 2x
dt 2 =

(1)

- k 2,

.... (1)
d2x

(2)

dt 2

to

. 142

(2)

'

dt

dx

'

dx'

k 2 x dx

2'2)
( = -

k 2 xdx,

+ k V

dx _
dt -

1
t -- - k

dx

:;;::-:=;:==::::::0:
2
2

Va

'

(3)

(3)

cos kt.

(4)

.-

139

(.

139)

h ,
,

. *

'! ,
,

49

143

.
,

...
:

rll

62,

: llll
/ .

....

, .

,
' ...

-+

-+

-+

. -

. . .

140)

(.

';,,"'

.,,~, ,

z)=

(1)
-+

-+

-+

140.

....

2 ,

-+

N,

(2)

Nx

..

Ny

Nz

"

N =
Ny

,
'

'

(3)

. 144

N z .= z '
,
,u

. jo~

.....
N . '

(3)

+
...... + .....
z k

?:

.....
N = 1. grad

(2)

~I

.....
.....
u = F

grad ,

(4)

+
)
.
+ !1
Z + ~~

(5)

'

m"

"

mz" =

t,

(1)

(5) , ,

z. I\'1
.....
N.

(, ,

z)

Tpe~1

.....

.....

, =

v
- f v

-+

.....

I grad

L,

1,

(2).

>li
,-

...",

!~
--

1 (, , z) =

2 (, ,

z)

(6)

-+

.....
F

.....
N1

.....
N2
(7)

.....

+N +N
.....

.....

(7)

145

+. 1..
+ 1 +
+

Z
,,",,

~~eHa,

(6)

1 z

..

(8)

2 z'

1..1 1..2

I<

,
,

n , ,

Pt

..,.""ie

dv

di;
v2

....

, ,

(8)

m
,

+1.. 2

P1 ,

2 ,

'

n , ~

.....

141),

'

,
. I

s
.

141.
; J<~a
"n

(.

142)

142.

10

. '46
>-

(.

142)

'

143)

....

Pt

dv
> dt = sin (, )

(5)

v2
-

(6),

>-

cos (,

);

= jN

pt

N,

dv
. >m
= Psm (,
dt
(. 142)

) -N

(7)

v2
. -

cos

>-

(.

N,

+N

(, )

142)

(8)

, "'\

v2
= m

cos

. >-

, )

-.N.

(9)

, . .

(7)

(8)

>-

N,

' .

(9)

>

..
,

.
.

>-

um< u ll<u

1l0

uu<.

(8)

(9

llii1zllQ
~

147
" '
-+

R-+

-+

-+

(10)

R,

dv -+

-+

dt '[

R =

(10)
-+

dv -+

-+

dt

1:0

v2 ..,..
- '

(11 )

~~

-+

_
.

-+

v2 -+

dv ....

'[

dt

- '

--

(12)

_ !l -

~~~ ", , Q
<"'" (. 143) , ~

. , - ..-,---~-----/

(8)

'_ N

Q cos (Q,e) :- Q
g

(;

'

144),

(02.

.-

143.

{'

'! ,

n .

-+

Q=

-+

-+

N. n,
[. -

-+

-+

N.
.

144.

148'
"

-+

"

"

-+

"
R=mg sm

---

"

..'

ds

dt 2 = mg sm

(1)

..

d2 s
-dt 2

g sm

d (dS
.dt
"
= g sm
dt

~)=gSincpdt,

~~

ds = [(g sin

) t

dt

"
sm

s = (g

+ 1

(g sin cp)t

+ Cjt + 2

(2)

to =

= , SO = , 1

" Vo

S
.

"

.'

sin 450 =

450,

V;,

2
t
9,81. V2. _.

_--

, H"r~"pr:

(3)

il

t
"
m
2 8.

9,81 " V2 m.

149
,

N,

N = mg cos
Ib~a

d 2s
dt 2

.
mg (szn

'.'

(1)

1 cos

),

(sin - f cos ) t 2

93. I< . -

' ,

, , ,
('a~ , Mo~e

(.

'(

60

-------

.
'.

I<;

!.

'

145)

145

';

'.

h I<.

60

),

.
.

l : -

, , .

110 , ,

150

+ h,

= U
t o

(1)

(~~ )2=

;
dt

... "

*,

mrg (cos

, Vo

),

cos

(2)

r de
+ V2 rg(cos - cos /

(1)

de

dt~+ V~2==(:;=c==os=-=e~-=co=s:::;:e==;o/

g
r
,

cos

2 sin 2 2'

1 -

2 sin 2 ~)

cos.e o = 1 g
dt
r

(3)

de

+
4 (Sin

sin

(3)

.
Sln

,)

Sl! 2

2'

(4) .

2'

(3)

peil

.*,*

U =mgy = mrg cos e,h =

**

(.

m2

mrg cos ,

mv

2 0 _ Uo

de
2
(r -d:-:-t'

mgyo

rq~

146).

, q

50.

'"
"-;~

151

'

(3)

h'

(4)

'-g-

{{

"

t o'=

,,

TI-la-

, ,
,

cos . g t.

(5)

..

'

t+c'

cos

= arc cos
.'

t+

g
r.

dt =

2'

+Veo2 _

r dt =
g
r

uIi m1l0.

fl )

t =
.

r:

arc cos ,

, h

t=

/r

r
g

:rr

(6)

(6)

r
-,

:rr
2

' 0li.

<YI-l,

(6)
r
1 = 1[2
g

(7)

(7)

152
na ,

g,

(.

de

r ( dt

= -

146),'

cos

+ N,

'

(8)

t h,

(2)

, g

(3 cos

-- 2 cos

),

N.

60

=. ,
. N . g (3 - 2 cos

94. I{ . ,

'

he

(.

Ka~

147).

If

~;~

),

v,

I<.

-Q=g

,
,

-+-+

146

= 60'

N= mg cos

.*

g,

147.

.
.

153

N,

+ +

N Q

(1)

(2)

tga= Q 7/'

Q
=--=g

fp

Q v2
r
-=--=Q~
g r
h

(3)

(4)

v
,.

h
r

~Q-,-- = tg

(4)

-'

, .

[ .

v
s =

~.

t('~

t '
21(,

. 2 "

=-=
V

LJ

-'

"t'., ,

95.

h
g

21(

m,

,
l.

l1,

/(,

154
(.
,

148)

'

. -

~ ,

r (1
r (1

+ sin t)}
+ cos 1),

148.

(1)

~.

f--------,

-'-

BP~

lim

1,

t =

ds .
dt =

V=

dt '

2 r cos t2'

, .

ds
dt

dt

~ ~;,

cos

.i
2

ds
t
dt = 4 r cos ~2 ~d

to =

(2)

SO =

(2) 'fi1i1
...
.~

s =

rsm

t2

,
=

1,

+ h,

U = gy,

(3)

=0"

155
:'

(1),

, dSt)2 -~ 2gr cos 't

(d
I h 1

"

2h

( 4)

1,

2gr.

cos 't

11'

+h

1-

't2

2 sin2

:.1

(4)

~ , h

(~y

I}i

(~:Y

t,

(3),

gr sin 2

f,: S2,

-,

dS)2_ g ( 2
(dt - 4r

(5)

2)

(5)

, h

ds

,"

arcsm

,
"

'

s =

sm

to

, SO =

, ,

sm

g [.

(6)

, Kp~Tae
,

1,

sm

!L (t

sin.

t+

2,-.,
2

156

2)'[,

=.

=
Bp~Me
! ,

(7),

(7)

11

. ..

U0.

I<

96.

Ri

I<.

, ,

u ,
.

~ , j~.
u 'l;

'I

v!: ,, .,

97.

n .

.;
(

Q,

cas,

'Q -

..,.,."

Vs

(1)

9-

157

V=~
S

(2)

=.

(3)

Q
m= ,

( 4)

----- -

(1)

m=

(5)

(6)

--,

==

(7)

1,

l
(6), (7)

(8)

(8)

' ...

,
,

dm
dl'
dm

dP'
=

dm

dV

(9)
(10)

(11 )

~, n

, ,

-+

'

98. li . 149) iI.

(.

-->-

-->-

, h 1
-->-

1 m u-

-+
. ml 1,

-+

99.

1 ,

... ,mn

2 , ,

(.

150),

mi ,

~~

1, 2,
/

"

,A i

n ,

, .. ,

-.~,~

c~

....

"!-

-+
-+

1 2 ", . , Ti

-+

-+

. . . ,n

149

1J1i 1\

150

m1

-+
1 ,

-+
m2 2 ,

-+

rni Ti , . . . , mn

-+
n
,

, h

jei

0 ~

(1 )
h

, h

-+
~ " ll

,"

159
(2) "

,3<
/

...
,

1
...
' h -

1'11 <{

, h
, fJ1 .
;rt{lca u ..
--'r
(1) (2)

...

Ii

-+

~
i== 1

; ;

~
i== 1

, c!V1 0

(3)

m;

" '
'

" "

'
.

I
.~ ~
I

... tl'

'

'

,-

'

-+

~ n; ;
i'_.::.---=l

151.

(. 151),

> '
"

'
,----------------~--~~-------------

~ 1i
i = 1.

(4)

.'

...
-+

...(';

=+;

'()
~

...

1i (a+ i )

(5)

(4) (5)

...

i~l ;

; ;

/1
~~------~~-----

... ...

= +

160
-+

-+

'

-+

'

.n

..

',

-+

; ;
-+

(.

152)

; ,

-+

-+
;',

-+

-+

-+

+ ;'

-+

..
1

; (

;=1

;=1

152.

-+

: )

(2)

-+

;=1

m;,

-+
; i,=

L
;=1

h :

m .;,

m ,

,~

m:

. m

.-

m .

100.
. -

1 , ",

Ai, . . . ,

.. ;.
Koj~

161
-+

-+

~ / .

(1 )

1=1

.' (. 153)
.. ; . ,
(, / , Z i),

~.,.v,

(1)

153.

~
/=1

'

=1

(2)

If~

mi

=1

~ I
1=1

""------

=1

~ , '

1=1

(3)

..:.....".n=---~
/=1

1=1

"'------.
11.

m!

~
i;:=1

14 I< -

..

~ , h , u ,

'.

I<

Xi

' __ ,

~ ,
=1

, -

l{

L / ! ,
1

Mzc =

L !

Z/,.

'= 1

uu

..

.~

MOMeHat",

, , =O~
je~

.[I

L ! ! = . =
i

=1

}JI 1 , 2 ,

.
,

Ai, ... ,

n , KOHT~

, ~
, :~

dm 1 , dm 2 , , dmi . .. , dm n , i
, (3) !::
..
,~

10. l , t ..~-,

- --)

-'>.

.xdm

dm

v
ydm

--

dm

v
zdm

v
dm

(4)

163
.

xdm

dm

(5)

ydm
F

dm
F

3'.

;,- -

"

xdm'

(6)

dm

.
(4), (5) (6),
~ace dm, . (9), (10)
i 97, h
. '

axdV

adV .
V

oydV
V

odV

v
ozdV

Zc

1 !IIIIIIII

(7)

164
,

oxdF
F

odF
F

(8)
oydF

,
odF

oxdl*
1

(9)

odl
,1

;'

(7), (8) (9) ~j

, Ha~]..
--:;

' ;:

. (.

/,

154).
=

(1)

= .

, ,

!!

, (' ,

dl =

V:-1-+;-:'2

dx,

dF - dx dy
dV = dx dy dz,

1, Fu V

Q , ,

z.

165
!I (1) , h

dy _
dx -

/_ 3
-

+ y'~ dx

l
,

V 10 dx,

(2)

L-_-_X'
.

,6

dx=V10l x = 6 10.

dl=V10

.. '

(9)

6
,

dl
.'"

?--=::;:
;.,~

;!: -

154

"'
6

".

dx

VI0
,

dx

6 V10

3,

l
'0

(1)

col\1

2
,

,..

9.

155).

(8)

155

V5
dx dy

,
,

,,
.t"e

2
5

-_ u

- V5

V5
dx dy

'

dx

-3*
- ,

V xdx

V5

_ ,

~~ h .
'IIIIII

,-'

" , -

111'

111

166
2

I dx

,. V 5

V5
dx dy

dx

,2

Vx dx

V5

(.

156)

,
-+

-+

I 2 ,

-r,
-;

'-.'

"

",

m.

'

"_'

3
4

--

5
-- -

dy

..

156

.
,

"
, "/::~~

-,- t'~i
<~J

.- !;~

6 ,

1 , 2 ,

01

1 , 2 , ,
,

/, 2 ', ',

... ,

---,'

01l

". O~

m 1 , 2 , , ... ,
. .. , lli:~

". m~'

01l

. ';'n;

':)

'

ll~ ;.
.

.'

,..

\
h ,

CBera

.
.

. .

. ~. , .

167
.

2 =

==

==

.
(. 157)
-,

-,

-,

157

dF

dF
~

+V2px
dy
xdx
_ V 2
+V 2
dy
dx
- V 2

101. -

.*

4
-- V2p Iz
5
4
V2p h
3

5
2

-2

3
h
5

1 (. 158)

3600,

.g

21t

dl.

(1)

'

1,

158

dl

-~--

dl
1

1 =

(2)

dl.

(1)
(2), h

Pappus ( 1V ) .
Gu1din (1577 - 1643) u ().

l8

F =

27> lx c
-

f\
.

Uf!

ll

3601

"

,
3

z-oce,

---- l

. 159
;

0,5m.

";
"

(3)
F =

7>=

3,141

- 3
.

m2

(.

160),

'

,
,

l (. 159)"
1 =
lm,

1.

UPOUiJBOiJy
.

(3)

=27>

xdF.

--- --

. (4)

160.

xdF

dF
F

Fx c '=

xdF.

(5)

:l

(4) ' .
h (5) h

v=

2 F .

F,

ll

()

360001(0 , n-'
F

nu
'l

F.
-. -

(.

3600

F =

25 2 ,

161),

zoce,

== 20.

v=

3141,6 3

1000;; =

2 ,

. , .,

;.

... ,
; . ... ,

. (.

161 .

102.

(6)

162)

1 , 2 ,

-- A,n

ri...., ,

'-

jf

+ mI22 + .... + !

1 1 2

..
::::"_ _!..Jr::~.,....__ '

(1' 2 ,.,

162.

+ .,.

~Cf =, i ; ;2,
-.:})

1-

uu

.Il!

(1 )

u[Jlu u m

u .
-

:...-::

7;.

(.

163).

ri +
?

+
(

+ 2

+ 2

-7.

163

+
Qi

++
2 ( Qi)

+
(;2

tJ

2
0
~l ,

....

'

~/

,h

L i =

~ iQi
i=l

i=l
.

$=$+

. ' -

'

+'"
2 ,

. .

l 'l , 2 , ... ,

, Jl

(1)

(2)

r 2 dm

ar2 dF

. .

R1

(4)

ar 2 dl

r 2 dl =
1

(3}

R2

(.

164),

dF

'

$=

Ai, .. ,

rdrdcp,

(3)

164.
!

171

CfJ

(5)

dr d'fJ

R1
(5)
R2

1 (1/(4

CfJ

R =

(6)

R2

= ( R2 1

(6)

CfJ

~ R2,

'
..

(2), (3), (4)

CfJ

+ +

( ( 2

CfJ --

( ( 2

+ 2)

Z2)

dx dy dz,

dx dy

CfJ

( 2

.
(

165)

dx,

'i
,

L----t---x

dF =

dxdy

165.

172
.

rfJ

40

+ 2) dx dy =

(. 2

c%f

~ ( 2 + 2 ).

1,: "1
~'

103.

1 , 2 , , ;

n (.

, ...

, n

"

: 17 2 , , ?

166) U-,

,
-+

,>

. ,

m2
..

; U-

i ;

U-oce,

U-oce

'

c%f

165

; 2

nl;

(1)

,1=1

.~

-+

i=l

'

2 ,

mi, . . . . ,

(1)

c%f
"""

(2)

d V

V
-+
Qi

mi ,

-+-+
[ Qi ]

i=!'i=i

173
-+-+

I [

I = i

Qi ]

-+ -+
-+-+
( [ Qi ] [ ( ]) =

fi 2

(1)

MOMe~aT

G'f

mi

. ..;. = i= 1

-+-+
-+-+
([ Qi ] [ Qi ).

(3)

, ,
-+

z,

-+

-+
,

z-oce z, (3) h

-+
Qi , ,

h
z
h q '

:;
-+

(4)

i=l

mi

i= I

(xf+zn

(5)

i= 1

-+

(6)

; 1 , 2 ,
"

(5)

:;
:;

(6)

-+

. . , .Ai , . . . ,

(4),

"V

+ Z2) dm =

-"

"

-+

( 2

+ 2) dm

.'
=

( 2 +2)

dx dy dz (9).

"

,
LJ

'J_()rp

.
nn (7) (8) v

:IIIII

174
2

dx dy

x~
F

dx dy;

(11 )

F
,

(12)

-+ .

(7), (8), (9), (10), (11)

(8)

:!=

(10)

(12)

~
~

,.
,

Jl

$'

$,

:;'

$=
.
,

= 1 (. 167) -.
(12) (13)

(13)

------l------I

13,

--,,-

- 3

13
-- 3

""'-+-----'--'-

167

175

-+

---'

(.

$ $'

168)

rfj -+

+V

cr

~.

cr

dx dy =

dx

dy

v 2

2 cr

V2p

dx

4 crV 2

Ii ~,

F =

V2p

}68

. -

:;

(. 169)

(7)

).;o:----+~--y

169

176

:!
-+

dy

dx

:!

--

63
3 . +6

-+

63
6 ')
3 + 3

-+

h 6

V
,

-+

.
.

..

Ct; h .

dy

. . --:- $'
(. 170). ~

'

$'

z !10

dy

- ,

:!'=
-+

+ 2
2

6-

F,

dy =

. 3

12

170

177

dF- hdx

= F

:'
=
-+

(.

-,
.

171)

ABCD,
EFGH MNPQ,

ABCD.

171

104.
I<.

1 , 2 ".
m

,
;

Nli ,. . . , , m 1 ,

-+

-+

l' P~,

nZ:!., .,

... , Pi , ..
1 , 2 ,

., . . . ,

. . . , yi . . . ; Z1' Z2' .. Zi ... , Zn ; 1 , 2 , . Xi , ... , ; 1 , 2 , ; , ;

l' 2,

Zl' Z2' ... , Zi , . . . Zn ,

!

12

178

d2 ;

dt

--

d 2Yi
mi
dt 2

i= 1

i= 1

d 2 ;
dt 2

i = 1

!L

Z! ,.

i= 1

(1)

i= 1

d 2 Zi
mi
2
dt

--

i = 1 i =1

~.

d 2 ; ,
. !
L
L
dt 2
i = 1 i =1

d 2 Zi
dt 2

--

Zi

i=li=l

100,

(2)

Zc,

~,

Koopf

(2),
i

~xc

L
i= 1

~Yc =

(3)

i = 1

~zc

mi

i = 1

(3)

Zi
)

~ d x c -- L
2
2

dt

d yc
dt 2
2

L
i= 1

d 2 zi
dt 2

d zc L
dt 2
i = 1

d 2 JI;
dt 2

i = 1

d 2 ;
dt 2

(4)

(4),

(2),

. -

179
.

ll -

ll

105.

I< .
,

2 ,
n;

Mi, ... ,

V1 , V2 ,

Kpehe

.n /{

n, . 1 m z' .. , mi, ...

, ... , Vn,

,

Mi,
( 1)

-:- -2 '"
""

(2)

m Vi 2

i- t

(2)

h ,

1
'
--

(3)

v
,

, , ,
..,;-

V,

2'

Mv 2

dm -

,3

rtJ

106. R. ,

..........

1 , 2 ,

.....
Pi , ... , ,

, ::
,

.....
.
..........
.....
2"'" Pi, , .
l'

..

.....

2: Pi

i = 1

, ,

Z,

Xi

i= 1

L Yi
i = 1 .

LZi

i= 1
, h

2 , "

.....
.....
pi , ... , , Z-OCOM,

L Pi

COS

i= 1

L Pi cos
i= 1

fi

ai

...

.....

.....

.1 2 ,

181

COS "(i =

1=1

....

............

1 , 2 ,

pi , ... , ,

....

R.

Rx , Ry

Rz ,

, , ft, ,

22,

Rx =

COS

1 == 1

Ry =

COS ~i

Rz =

L
i= 1

Yi.

COS

IR I= V Rx +
IRI, - IRI,

2
,
2+Rz
R

ft

Rx

....

I
Rz

Ry

....

....

1 2 (.

172),

R =---_..I
:..,,---..:.;...

....

....

+ 2 =

172.

.,

1<

.u u u

'l

CYUPOlUHUX

ll ll.

.- ,
,
1 2 ;

d.

1 ,

, , i

182

2 m

1m
. 2-

= (d-x)2

VM 1
~
VM 1 + VM 2 '
d

- h

.~

Q kg.

.
h ;

, ~

q kg

q
,

Q,

Q m.
q

,
..;.

..;.

, 1 2 ' aT~
..;.

..;.

F 1 ,k1 2 , !.

k 2 2 , -+

..;.

. 1 2

d.

..;.

1
,

k12

k 2 2 m (d-x),

dk2 2
= k 2+k 2'
1
2

107. -

(.

173)

JI

(, ,

z) =0,

(1)

..;.

,;g ;. nqv

F.

7 i n3-

] 73.

183 .
,

90,

"

"

+' ~;
Z

mz!l =

+ ' .
az
,

I-li

-+

-+

F
-+
N,

(2)

-+

-+

FN

-+

+. =

= )

iu,

(1)

z,

, ,

(2)

u.

.u

184 .
(.

174), l

, .
,

- =

2, d - 2z,
z

mg

mg,

z' -

2, - -

+ 21

:;-+,-+-

2AZ -

'

/
,
, ' ,

,,

"

2z =

mg;

, - z =

+ .

. 174.

'

=+

r *.

= mg,
mg
,. = + 2'

,21.Z

L,

<1 (, , z) =

<2 (, , z)

,
-+
-+
-+

(3)

-+

90,

+N +N

h
,

"

(4)

(4)

, =

z =

, ,
.

= , =

Ill

,
~Rni nRn

1.

'1---

185

2 -

2 -

aZ -

(.

',

. (5)

175)

------------------__ -

'" - - - - - - - - - - - - -

' -I t - -

II
I

175

-+

176

-+

, ,

-+
....
N , h
I

F sin

i3

cos i3

-+

= tg i3

-+

....
=

-+

N tg (3.

....

/3,

-+

N tg

-+

....

-+

, ,

/3

-+

/3

....

3600,

186
(.

176.),

, ~

u, ;~
,
+ ' .
U , F, OBP~
_:..

.

uu

l , .

(.

177.),

Q,

-+

1l

..

, ,

....

.."

'

F.

177.

h <:.
, l',

<
Q = tg ,

ps;.J

Q,

.
,

,

-+

-+

L,

F,

-+
=

+1N tg 13,

+
=

(.

178),

L
N tg

178

L,

f3

+
,

108. ' .* -

' A1embert (1717 -

1783)

187

m,

-+ -+

l' 2 ,

-+
,

-+

n , ,

, .

-+

, h

-+

F =

-+

(1)

-+

F -

-+

(2)
-+

(2)

-+

-+

-+

m,

.,

-+

' -
-+

R.

-+

-+

-+

-+

+ (- R)* =

-+
,

(3)

-+

-+

F -

-+

-+

(4)

-+

(5)

' :

,
,

1tC

iIl; ,

iIl r ,
.

(3)

(4)

-+

, . g

188

,;

(3)

(4)

It

(6)

(6)

, .
.

' .,

98100 kg,

15 mjsec*.

60

5%~

V = Vo

15 = 60

t,

= 4m/sec2.

. 981 . 0,005

490,5kg.
(6),

+ 490 '5 . _ 2990,5gk .

= 98100 . ~
9,81
4

' ,

, .

(5)

'

, ,

Z,

d 2x
dt

dt 2

d2 z

m dt 2

. .

==0

d2y _
-

.
-+

189
d2 x
d 2y
d2 z
dt 2 ' dt 2 ' dt 2 ,
.

109.

(.

()

= Pd.

~~d_-I '='1

IPI

I
1

d -

500 kg,

-+

z-ocy
-+

-+

(.
-+

180)

-+

d,

-+
-+
1 ,

179

1000 kgm,

IM(O)I

d!

'-_~-+--...J

110.

-+

-+

30,
31,

179)

(.

181.)

. 180

190

1>

d
4-

--

-+

, .

181

"'

(.

181)

Pd.

(.

182) ,

-+

-+
R =

+ (-

-+
)

-+

(-)

(d

= -

+d

1 ),

-+

()

=
()

II

d,:
d
.
~--..;------------

<;--

d1 ,

.
()

()

()

=+= (-)

183

()

(!

, I{
.

(.

()

182

183),

ako fJii1 uz

191
.

, . .
.

z
. ,

111.

(.

184)

.'

-+
, ;

L: ;

(1)

=0

i = 1
.

184.

-+

, ,

-+
-+
1 , 2' ...

-+

,
ili

zu

-.

. ,
.

L:
i = 1

i= 1

L:
i =

; =

L: ;
= 1

112. . -

L:
i = 1

L:

(1)

Z; =0

L:

1= 1

. ,

192

(.

185)

-,>-

1' P~, ... , ,

.

-,>-

os

um,

L *,

-+

I3s

L.

-+-,>-

-,>--+

os) =

185.

ds cos (P,os),

(1)

**.
,

-,>--,>-

os cos (P,os) -

-,>-

cos
-+

-9::
(.

186),

-,>-

(,

(,

cos

os) =

-,>-

os) =

:;

2'

rJs

tJs

. ,

--

os)

-,>-

(,

-,>-

-,>-

-,>-

-,>-

. (2)

186.

-,>-

cos (P,os)

. .

lIi. , 1

, , 1 l<. lJli,

, .

-,>-

-,>-

-,>-

l, ., ... , ,

-,>-

Mi

-,>-

Pi

f),

Pi.

~oAti,

**

, ' .

virtus,

.'

193

L !
1

L .1

L "!i

(3)

, ,

-+
.

, ,

(3)

,
. , :

. -

fla fl

Ufl , fl

ll

Ufl

fl fl , ,

1l0 . flQ .
h

h h

-+

-+

(.

187)

10 kg,

i
\!

''

~'\

\'

2 .

. -

----;;'f""---"='------'

, 1 ,

..-

---,-

......

--

..-

1 '

187.

ACda,

2ACda,

, Qh ,

. ACda . cos

+ 10 . 2ACda . cos

. h

I I=

20 kg.
.-+

'

os,

13

194
,

dx, dy, dz*,

, ,.'i

, , , Z, ,
, ; (1), ~

Xdx
. . -

Xdx

Ydy

Zdz;

Ydy+Zdz =

, ,

(. 188),

-.

(1)

2 ,

Z2

= ....:.. mg.

dx

dy

+Z

dz -

. 188.

+ Z~;.

Z dz -
dx
'

dz
g - =0

dx

'

m:g -

'

mgx

(2)

*
c3s,

(2)

oz.

195

z = +
-

1
,
= O,Z = r

z =-

z =

z=

=
.

L. Silberstein

D
Vectorial Mechanics
London

1926
.

AppeZl et S. Dautheville
Precis de Mecanique Rationnelle

1918

Paris

Poschl
Lehrbuch der Technischen Mechanik
Berlin
1930

WoZf
Lehrbuch der Technischen Mechanik
Wien
1931

"
;
.

6
39
116
118
125
142
146
146
150

23
6
31
18
15
23
2..
3
25

28
,

(.
(.
(.

142).
143)
146)
.
.

(.

(.

(.

141)
142)
145)

-+

.'PEIIJKE

69

-+

17, 18,20,22,25 30

-+

v,

-+
+
, v

'

- - - - 2. - - - - - - - - - - 3. - - - - - 4. , -

, .1.

- - '-

---

'

7.
8.
9.

5.

-- 7
-

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10. -'..:.:. - - - ..:.:., - - - - 11. - - - - - - - - 12. - - - - - - - 13. , - - - 14. lj

- - - - - - - - - -

7
8

8
9
10
12
14
15

15.

16.
17.

,'
,

"

- -- -- -

- - - - - - ,- -

16

17
18'

11.
,

18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.

-
- - - -
- - -
- - ~ - -- - - -

- - - - - - - - - . - - 19
- - - - - - - - -20
- - - - - - - - - - - 21
- - - - - - - - - - - 21-- - - - - - - - - - - 22'
- - - - - - - - - - - 25

- - - - - - - - - - - - - 28
25.
- - - - - - ~ - - - 28
26. ' - - - - - - 29
27. - - - - - 31
28. - - - - - - - - - - - 33
29. BeKTOpCI<Or - 36
3(). - - - - - - 37
31. r }'!
- - - - - 40
32. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 42
33. -
- - - - - - - - - - - - --:- - 43
34. -
- - - - - - - - - 44
,
35.
- - - -- - - 45
36. - - --; - - - - - 46
37. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 46
,

38.
39.
4().
41.

'- ~ -

, j\l

47

- - 48
- - 48

---~51

11
I{
,

42, - - 43.
44. - - - ~ 45. - - 46.
- - --

-:- -- - - -

,- -

----

- - - - - - 53
------55

,- - - - - - - - - - - - 61
- - --- -------64
- --- -'- - - - - - ; - - 67.
"

III

47. \ - - - - - - - - 48. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 49. ;

- - - - - - 50. , - - - - -,
- - - 51. - - - - - - - - 52.
- - - 53. - - 54. - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - 55. lj - - - - 56. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- 70
- 72
- 74
-'75
- 77
- 78
-80
- 81
- 83
- 84

I<~ll

'57"
58.
59.

' , "

'

,
.,, -

- -

~--

...........

-'

'

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

-'-

85,
86
88

'.,-<
::!::';';, ,',
,
.-',

, '
.:. .
,

,"',

' 11

,:-""',.

-, - -" "
,";
,

'-'~--~

"

'.
.,

.'
,

-'

"

'---

"

-,-- -:

,-

-- ,

..
, ,

.:.

'.,

'

---- -

60. ~~
.
"
.'.' " .:

89

'.,.;",:

, '111
"

, ,

'

. ""-.

,
"

.' .

.. \-

"

-,

..; .

'

'

'

",'II
-

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