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11
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o^<t.^^^<^ti!^y^^
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l)t
For
Cati)0lir
Prospectus indicating
Series,
and
this worli.
for List of
the
character
^cncs.
and
purpose
of
the
Catliolic
Cataloi^'ue at tlie
end uf
THE
^ranslatfD from
WILLIAM SMITH.
By
"
To
little
Truth
this
am
moment, the
results of
am
pay
in her
ermau,
ti)c
my
life
Truth
my
life,
to
do
my
I
fortunes are of
am
all things, to
a Priest of
venture
all
LONDON
JOHN CHAPMAN,
121,
NEWGATE STREET.
M.DCCC.XLVII.
^
LB
University of California
^
t::^
The
after
Fichte's
arrival
new
and
its
attendant duties.
To
this
end Fichte
sets forth,
different
and
as a
classes
member
into
which society
is
divided,
and
and the
common
desire of
man
to hnoiv,
and
among
assigning
to the
human
activity;
worthUy
human
fulfils
Society.
title
of
"
the
;"
bclonfi:ing,
retained
still
philosophy
its
to
however,
when
his
which
It
is
1805 to a distinguished
^um
of the
circle of Scholars
bc gcvjcnivdrticjcn Scitaltcrg
(bic rutibju^jc
"
by the
Doctrine of Religion"
(bic
;)
Slmccifun^
country to
addressed
is
whom
daily extending.
is
suthciently apparent
tion;
wliich
it
is
may
also
among
any doubt as to
his
"
is
too distinctly
identity
Chalmers,
admits
observa-
manifested
philosophy.
the
and
Characteristics of the
It
to
title
"
Ave
marked
allude
to
to
Dr.
prospect of a collision
philosophies."
It
now
at
the
article
so
much alarm
in the
It
mind
of
exhibits a
School at Konigsberg"
" would end in
is
our shores;
while
their influence
upon
at another,
....
;"
we take
what
is
it
symphony
to be
is
characterized as
which
an expression of admiration, be
"
kindi'edness of spirit"
more strange
with the Author of the
still
But
it is
meaning
latter
may.
nor
its
"
of the
"
"
and
feeling
Robbers," on
whom
Fichte con-
Sophocles of Germany."
many
inconsistencies
establish
ing his ingenious, though unsuccessful, attempt to
its
that
or rather ab-
we now advert
to this essay.
performance.
bleness has
and generous nature it.s inherent notribute which must give it new
drawn forth a
of
all
weighed whatever
silence of their
mind
many
expected.
pated "collision"
is
to
have
will
whom
Scotland
is
the
moned
among
others,
How
it is
and Goodness,
to
mere
negations of experience.
Our purpose
more akin
is
one
It
is
by which Dr. Chalmers endeavours to restore harmony between his sympathies and his theology;
namely, (hat the
German
down
in
He
philosophies
is
altoge-
new
doctrines,
which
addressed,
to
(for
any form of
literature),
would be
"
theatricals of science."
It
proved by refutation,
by argument.
hterature of
Germany
Nowhere can
life,
who honestly
all
science
dig-
it
history
reader
in
can
how
own
those
"
sake,
The
may
theatricals of
men who
ever
As
no language
a3
as the eloquent
us,
What
a mystic
we have
is,
.said
above.
But Kant, Fichte, and Schelling, are men of cool judgment, and determinate energetic character; men of science
and profound and universal investigation; nowhere does
the world, in
all its
We
mated
Bohme
as a spiritual brother of
Newton
as justly
might we
New
the
Heavens for
Jerusalem.
That
ours, can
we reckon
wisely,
He
Schelling a mystic.
ac-
Nei-
more widely
differs still
from
this
any man
to
esti-
is
individual things;
man
speaks
where we understand
his data.
Fairer might it be in us
wc had not yet appreciated his truth, and
But above all, the
could not appreciate his error.
to say that
therefore
us.
The
adamantine
and
clear,
men
fit
cold, colossal,
like a
Cato
;
Major among degenerate
and to have discoursed of Beauty and Virtue in
Our reader has seen some words
of Academe
the
of the Stoa,
groves
of Fichte's
We
state
an
and immoyable,
charge of mysticism
rises before
like a granite
us,
mountain
Fichte's opinions
may
be
by action and
ranks
with,
know
it ill
sviffering, in his
a class of
and
life
as a
and
man, approved
in his death,
he
only in better
The
of approved judgment,
the furthering of
it,
and nowise
directly implicated in
it
came
to light.
Au-
ture of Europe,
it
We
is
8
of morality, the purer theology, the lofty views of man's
it; nay,
to
which
it
No writer of any
whole spiritual character of Germany.
he
be
that
in
acquainted or not with
country,
importance
the Critical Philosophy, but breathes a spirit of devoutness
men
as
less directly
drawn from
it.
Such
effect in
Germany,
it
to
nying them,
all
allied itself"'
poetry, or the reason of man, so readily
THE
BT
CONTENTS.
Author's Preface,
pnge 13
LECTURE
I.
LECTURE
The Vocation
of
Man
II.
26
in Society,
LECTURE
The
17
in.
'
LECTURE
The Vocation
.37
IV.
of the Scholar,
LECTURE
49
V.
of ^Ian,
61
The
after Fichte's
arrival
all
view of awakening
in
their
minds a more
and
its
attendant duties.
To
this
end Fichte
sets forth,
and
as a
classes
member
into
which society
common
man
as an
whose separate
desire of
man
to
and the
divided,
and
hiow, and
who have
assigning
to the
among
human
human
activity;
as,
Society.
in
some
title
of
retained
still
philosophy
;"
I'iciite's
its
belonging,
to
however,
which
It
it
is
1805
(tic
to be followed
5um
runbjuv^c bcS
"
by the
Doctrine of Religion"
,)
(bic ?lmocifun^
It
whom
country to
addressed
tion;
which
it
is
is
This
daily extending.
may
also
among
sufliciently
apparent
is
number
admits that
North
marked
allude
to
to
Dr.
"
a fearfulncss
It
is
prospect of a collision
philosophies."
we
"
of the
too distinctly
Chalmers,
"
is
manifested
philosophy.
leave
to those
the
i^ci^cinttarticjcn 3eitattci-6
the
article
so
much alarm
in the
It
mind
of
exhibits a
admiration.
School at Konigsberg"
" would end in
voked, to lend
what
in either case
is
in-
what uncongenial
our shores;
while
their influence
upon
at another,
....
loftier
;"
and
the man-
we take
what
is
it
symphony /or
to be
is
characterized as
which
an expression of admiration, be
"
kindredness of spirit"
more strange
with the Author of the
still
ferred the
But
title
it is
meaning
latter
may.
nor
its
"
of the
"
"
and
feeling
Robbers," on
whom
Fichte con-
Sophocles of Germany."
many
inconsistencies
of philosophy,
However
that
or rather ab-
we now advert
to this essay.
is
its
performance.
essentially truthful
its
inherent no-
least
of
all
weighed whatever
silence of their
is
important
whom
Scotland
is
have
will
these matters in
in
a mind to
many
expected.
pated "collision"
the
be sum-
will
How it is
answer this question among other;?,
in
an
faith
All-Perfect
its
asserted
to reconcile
God, with
moned
to
and Goodness,
to
mere
negations of experience.
Our
one
is
It is
down
in
He
is
bethe
altoge-
new
doctrines,
which
addressed,
(for
any form of
scribed
literature),
"
by the appellation of the theatricals of science."
would be in vain
It
proved by refutation,
by argument.
which the higher philosophy and
literature of
very point of
its
Nowhere can
earnestness.
life,
who
by a
science
all
loftier morality.
it
history
dig-
reader
in
Germany can
how
those
own
"
sake,
The
may
theatricals of
As
no language
as the eloquent
be, are
What
us,
But Kant, Fichte, and Schelling, are men of cool judgment, and determinate energetic character; men of science
and profound and universal investigation; nowhere does
the world, in
all
its
We
mated
Bbhme:
as a spiritual brother of
Newton
esti-
might we
Count
no extravagant comijarison, we appeal to any man acNeiquainted with any single volume of Kant's writings.
is
ther,
from
differs still
more widely
He
is
where we understand
to say that
Fairer might
yet appreciated
us.
adamantine
and
man
speaks
his data.
we had not
men
fit
his
it
be in us
The
clear,
and
truth,
But above
all,
the
cold, colossal,
like a
Cato
the groves of
Academe
all parties
an
among
intellect
We
state
Fichte's character, as
it is
the
of Luther.
charge of mysticism
this
What was
avail.
it
Fichte's opinions
may
be
by action and
know
suffering,
it ill
in his
and
life
as a
and
man, approved
in his death,
he
only in better
the furthering of
it,
it
came
ture of Europe,
We
Au-
mention Schlegel
as a
man whose
opinion has a
known
value
is
it
to light.
ourselves.
8
of morality, the purer theology, the lofty views of man's
it; nay,
of such matters,
which
to
it
No writer of any
whole spiritual character of Germany.
he
be
in
that
country,
acquainted or not with
importance
the Critical Philosophy, but breathes a spirit of devoutnesa
men
as
less directly
literature, or in
any century
drawn from
exist
but
any
more than another has contributed
:
if
it.
without
Such
efiFect
in
one circumstance
to forward
their en-
literature
of
Germany,
it
nying them,
all
philosophical system;
its results,
to
THE
BY
CONTENTS.
Author's Preface,
page 13
LECTUEE
The Absolute Vocation
I.
of Man,
17
LECTUEE
The Vocation
of
Man
in Society,
LECTUEE
The
II.
26
IIL
LECTUEE
The Vocation
37
IV.
of the Scholar,
LECTUEE
49
V.
of
Man,
61
PREFACE,
delivered last
Summer
before
vrhen
time
motive
which
to
permits,
to
lay
to
before
complete,
the
and,
pubhc.
contribute
right understanding of
these
first five
them
induced
him
to allow
Their being printed just as they were dehvered, without the alteration of a single word, must be his excuse
for
many
inaccuracies of expression.
In consequence
first,
to
Declamation
cation.
To
is
alter
them
was
for a similar
reason impossible.
PREFACE.
14
Author
not to blame;
is
in all
as to
little
liis
what was
disagreeable to
and what
has
inquiries he
likely to
them
Truth
he, according to
declared, so far as he
But
was
able.
what
who
who have
reasons for
world, as
it
is
now
thereto; indeed
it
number of otherwise
to be feared that
the greater
For
sober-minded people will thus judge of them.
in
all
those
who
have
been
although,
capable
ages,
of raising
themselves
to
themselves in a minority,
may
ideas,
around
us,
men
common
number
AVhilst,
more general
views,
15
PREFACE.
extinguislied
sparks
of higlier genius,
we must
let
circle
and necessary, we
value in and for such a
must not
from their
sphere.
own
dero2:ate
draw down
desire to
to their
when, for
which
printed should be
is
level all to
made
as practically useful
regulation,
we know
we maintain
is,
perhaps
must be judged by
who
feel
better.
it
by those
Be
it
being what
and humanity
clear,
LECTURE
I.
in part
prompt you
tions:
to
What
relation to
is
humanity
by what means can he most surely
classes of men"?
fulfil
The Scholar
is
by which we
"
What
is
"What
is
prethe
Again
swer to another
according
to the
b2
LECTURE
IS
isolated,
I.
relation which
not included in
is
may
proof,
what
all
all
all
I shall
teach-
address
your
than
the answering
can tend
nothing
and highest
of the
and
of these
of them, What
the absolute vocation of Man? and what
ing,
studies,
to you,
especially
to
else
to
last
particularly
questions,
is
are the
fulfil it?
not
You
will
to say
on
traced
down from
this subject
its first
inward sense of
truth,
But
and
establish
it
You
thereon.
Scholar?
or what
i.s
the vocation
time,
What
which
is
so this question,
man?
answer to
the
now proceed
to the
is
is
self-contradictory.
It
19
Non-Ego
(so I
opposed to
but
it is
and
certainly true,
that the
Ego
is
will be fully
not,
proved
become conscious of itself, except under its empirical determinations; and that these empirical determinations necesimply something external to the Ego. Even the body
that which he calls his body,
is
something external to the Ego. Without this relation he would be no longer
sarily
of man,
man
absolutely
and by
mean,
him
as a
What is his vocation? what beMan, that does not belong to those known
existences which are not men 1
by what mark is he to be
distinguished from all we do 7iot call man amongst the
beings with which we are acquainted 1
Since I must set out from something positive, and as I
And,
longs to
so considered,
him
as
axiom
"
am;"
feelings
in
lay
exists
principle
all
result
is
as
principle,
sake,
in
is
i. e.
else
for his
it
as
his
is
exist to
exists
all
as I will
clearly
private lectures;
rational being,
in
his
be,
is its
LECTUKK
L'O
ultiinato t)bjcct;
or,
what
i.s
I.
man
cannot,
being
of
own sake
rational being.
But there belongs to
for itself,
he
but
man
is
alone,
is
his charac-
considered solely as a
being
he does
is
something
but
he adds,
definite;
"
I
am
tliis
or
that."
is
he
tliis,
What
is
he?
That which he
is
in this respect, he
not possible
as
we
have
on
of
a
the
already
Xon-E(jo,
supposition
except
This Xon-E<jo
said, and in the proper place will prove.
is
in
harmony
ciple
propounded above,
Man
Whatever
because he
Man
is,
is,
(hat
is
lie
should
changed
he,
i.
e.
all
that he
is
The
"pure
illustrate.
of negatively,
is
21
it is
to itself
It
should not be so
for
man
his
is
own
end,
what he
is,
because he wills
and ought
to will
it.
The
as
might
it,
ivill
as
an
eternal law
to thyself."''
rational being is
perfect
harmony
or
i-ather,
by the
of man, which are essentially but one power, and only become distinguished in their application to different objects,
should
other.
all
mth
each
22
LECTDRE
I.
i.e.
in
it
can be
perfectly
But
as will be strictly proved at the proper time.
and the conceptions in which it is presupposed, are
not free, but depend upon things external to the Ego, the
free;
sense,
character of which
is to
is multiplic'dif
not
If the
iJeiititi/.
Ego
concei)tions of
them
depend upon
is
Further, what is still more important, our empirical determinable Ego receives from that unrestricted operation of
external things upon it, to which we subject ourselves without reservation so long as our reason is still undeveloped,
certain tendencies which cannot possibly harmonize with
the form of our pure Ego, since they proceed from things
In order to eradicate the>.e and restore the
external to us.
The
prior to the
our
own independence
and
alter
them
sjiy,
is
called Culture;
it,
when
acquired,
23
likewise so denominated.
is
ment
tivated
harmony
of
man with
himself,
all
as follows
The
this
may
is
and that
existence.
This harmony
is,
who
But in reference to a
is
harmony
idea of happiness itself and the desire for it, rather arise in
the first place out of the moral nature of man.
Not, That
is
good;
Without
but,
is
morality, happiness is
it,
much opposed
happiness
to
it.
21
To
LECTURE
all irrational
subject
I.
is
it
the
man; which ultimate end is perfectly unand must continue to be so, unless he were to
cease to be man, and become God.
It is a part of the idea
of man that his ultimate end must be unattainable;
the
ultimate end of
attainable,
way
to
it
nearer to
end
is his
Hence
not the vocation of man to
But he may and .should constantly apjjroach
and thus the unceasing aiiproximationto this
endless.
it;
it
true vocation as
is
Man
i.
If,
e.
as
we
the highest unattainable end of man, whilst eternal perfecting is his vocation. He exists, that he may become ever
is
limit.
This
is
apart from
We
now
however
ai*e
cannot
that
many
aspiring
to extend one
day to others
young men,
in teaching
whom
in all probability
make
it
that
my
in all
ever have a
philosophy and
my
my speculations and teaching
of me, I
may
rightly of
my
to this wish,
common
all
If
feel
may
25
and worthless
if
you have
so thought
How
far
my
ability
on me,
correspond
may depends
it
in
are
(2G)
LECTURE
IL
There
arc
before
she
many
mental knowledge,
in silence, diihculties
possess
some funda-
if I
to exhaust
mere
directions towards
more
If
subject to the bottom.
of those popular philosophers, who easily
.solve all difficulties without labour or reflection, by the aid
of what they call sound Common Sense, I would not often
is
so
much
as possible;
first
By what
authority
man
does
call
27
On
to
him
in consciousness
Man
in
The idea of
is
teristic
all
which
"
must answer
we know from
"
is
if
and on
28
LF.CTURE
this
II.
the system
surely as it is only experience; that is to say,
of our conceptions.
Experience can at most teach us that there are phenomena which appear to be the results of rational causes; but
can never teach us that these causes actually exist as reasonable beings in themselves, for being in itself is no object
of experience.
it
We
ourselves
ence;
it is
first
only we
ourselves
must be
its validity
upon
its
The
theoretical
around us
domain of philosophy
is unquestionably
exhausted by the fundamental researches of the Critical
School all questions which still remain unanswered, must
and in this way I
be answered upon practical principles,
:
lecture,
constant
all
harmony
v.'ith
himself,
towards
the
harmony of
There
that the existence or non-existence of an external represenmight be indifferent to him, but there
tlie
an antitype
determined.
tative
'in
the
Non-Ego
thus
is
his
impulse
man
29
is
It
him
He
efficiency
founded on ideas
still
require a distinctive
mark
is
now
inquire,
We
distinguish a
dom which
for essential
freedom
the
is,
of
my own freedom;
condition of consciousness,
and hence cannot belong to its sphere of observation. But
I may be conscious of this,
that I am not conscious of any
is
first
c2
my
empirical
30
LECTunr.
Ego through my
will,
ii.
itself;
and
this non-
consciousness of constraining cause may be called a consciousness of freedom, if it bo duly explained beforehand;
and we shall call it so here. In this sense, then, man may
own
If through our
activity.
we
are con-
own
free action,
then we
former;
terminology,
we
The
is
it
likewise
Kantean
refer
to use the
idea of Society
is
it is
this
which
I call
one of the fundamental impulses of man to be necessitated to assume the existence around him of reasonable
It is
under the condition of entering into Society with them, according to the meaning of that word as above explained.
The
of man.
live in
his
It is
man's vocation to
he
Society;
is
fundamental impulses
he irnist
live in Society
own
You
Like
all
human
institutions,
ai-e
31
IN SOCIETY.
tends towards
government
is
to
of a surety not
is
life,
of years
to deal
when
all political
combina-
men may
say; for
it,
fault.
error,
According
to
what we have
and hence
is
effected solely
It is
and absolutely
own
an end to
for its
itself;
own
sake.
however not
that the form of this
association should possess a special law which shall
give it a
end,
is
of
man
is
in so far as he
is
such,
is
unattainable.
Each individual
own
has his
by
he recognises as a man.
By this fundamental impulse each is prompted to seek in
others a likeness to his own ideal; he inquires, he observes
on all sides, and when he finds men below this ideal, he
his
own
whom
LECTURE
32
to
strives
elevate
them
to
it.
II.
perfi'dion nf
llif
race,
also
discovered the
When it appeal's
ultimate purpose of all Society as such.
as if the higher and better man had no inlluence on the
low and uncultivated, we are partly deceived in our judgment, since we often expect to find the fruit already ripe,
before the seed has had time to germinate and unfold]
and it may partly ari.se from this, that the better man
perhaps stands at too high an elevation above the uncultithat they have too few points of contact with each
vated,
other,
state
triumph
at
last;
we
cannot indeed
an open encounter.
ready
lost
when
Thus
she
is
al-
man
he
is
is
is
in
the abstract,
capacity.
This destination of
man
for Society
under a
strict rule.
When we
rule.
33
"we shall
is
ceding reflections.
The
The impulse
mutual
The impulse
objects.
around
us
reasonable
to
discover
us, and
beings
//-^e
requires
to enter into Society with them ; it does not demand suborof
If
dination as in the material world, but co-ordination.
do not allow freedom to the reasonable beings whom
we take
we
we
No we
or
stand on the lowest grade of imperfect humanity,
ourselves have not yet attained to a feeling of
slavery.
still
We
self-activity, for
around us simUar,
We
that is free beings.
are slaves ourselves;
and only look around us for slaves.
desire to see
Eousseau says
others,
with
.self
"
A man
He might
yet more a slave than they."
"
He who considers himgreater justice have said
who
still
is
is
himself a slave."
Even should he
would make all around him free likewise, and does really
make them free, by a certain influence the sources of which
have never been observed.
Under his eye we breathe more
34
LECTURE
we
freely,
feci
we
or confine us;
all
II.
feel
own
being; he may not act upon them as upon dead matupon the beasts, so as to prosecute his designs with
ter or
tion;
laying
man
cannot do
this,
yet
even
if
The
social
is
impulse
by the law of
pose the
human
is
only
equal to itself
could
all
men become
it is
they
ulti-
all
but
be
one
man
the
of each individual
fection;
so
it
is
35
SOCIETY.
is
man in Society.
to approach nearer this end,
cation of
But
proach nearer to
it,
constantly
to ap-
this
This
is
men
We
become
may
improvement
of others
action
ever-
growing improvement;
united.
only possible
by means of
Society.
others as
upon
free beings
an
;
and a openness
upon
Of both we
us.
We
per place.
when we
we cease
is
must
any man
or
upon
to receive,
otherwise
so perfect,
but he
Seldom
to receive,
and
human race on
itself; this
36
LECTURE
whose
common
may
the result of
is
each of us say
form of man,
is
motiTC-power
harmony which
n.
"whoever thou
art,
if
member
monwealth
through what
mutual influence may be transmitted, still by that title, I
no one who bears the
act upon thee, and thou on me;
:
stamp of reason on
exists in vain for
to
me.
Oh
be good, ever
est not
me
his front,
But
so surely
to
become
better,
so surely
though
so
millions of ages may first pass away
(what is time!)
surely shall a period at last arrive when I may receive thee
too into
my sphere
of action,
also,
mutual interchange of
when
in return;
may do good
by the fiurcst
and generous
free
to thee,
(37)
LECTURE
III.
The
vocation
man
of
man
as
in society,
is
is
We
Scholar in society
ber of society; he
is
not merely a
mem-
member
of a particular class
in society: at least it is customary to speak of the Scholarwith Avhat propriety or impropriety will appear in
class,
is also
due time.
Our
thus
chief inquiry
What
is
answered;
this,
classes in society?
existing-
V/hence
of
the
namely,
What the source of the inequality
arises
difference
is
or,
among men 1
come
to pass fortuitously
aid,
but some-
Nature
aid,
i. e.
38
LECTunr: in.
naturally
question
arises,
By
what
rvjlit
do different
classes exist?
of;
The advantage
whether
question,
whatever
doing.
of Reason, pure as well as practical ; and such an answer
To
has, so far as I know, never yet been even attempted.
prepare for it, I must lay down a few general scientific
principles.
in our spiritual
especially with the practical, which do not, like the theoretical, terminate in a mere act of judgment, but proceed
to
an activity without
us,
to
The foundation
consciousness under the form of impulses.
but not more than
of all impulses lies in our own being:
the
foundation.
experience
if it
is
want of man.
39
The independent Ron-Ego as the foundation of experiNature is manifold no one part of it is perfectly
the same as another;
this principle is maintained and
even strictly proved in the Kantean philosophy. It follows
from this, that its action on the human mind is of a very
ence, or
to
for before
we
can,
this
the law of
means of
demands that
all
a demand,
by the mere
laAV itself;
we apply
then
the
demand
if
LECTURE
40
III.
they are
are, since
as
they
Reason;
they
if
all
fashion,
is
law cannot, of
more than
it
itself,
present lecture
is
founded.
demand, any
strive constantly to
And
play,
is
The
social impulse,
is,
and
within us;
to receive
gives
him
all
who
exist.
are
possible
Nature
is po.ssible
if
we suppose
that
all
the
cultivates
each
individual
only
41
where she
to cultivate the
Race
upon
the Individual.
social
Reason
will
take
that
care
each individual
receive
through the hands of society, the whole and complete cultivation which he cannot obtain immediately from Nature.
Society will gather together the possessions of every individual member into a common fund for the free use of all,
the aim of
all
human
Nature
have defined
capacity, is to subject
(as I
culture of
This
warfare
be gradually weakened,
so
latter shall
One
individual
may perhaps
be completely subject to her sway. But now society is combined like one man what the individual could not accom:
plish
by
D 2
by the combined
42
LECTURE
III.
common
struggle,
and the
partial
to the aid of
any volimtary
I say,
selection of a par-
able
The
Wc
may
we
it;
may, through
society,
will, becau.se
it
we have no higher
43
new
act of FreedoDi.
which
is
all
that I
firm.
The
meant
Under
to af-
the con-
now
not give ;
gives me, but I cannot take that which she does
I neglect no opportunity of cultivating myself as completely
as I can
but
class
as
it
if I
cannot create
it.
choose a
class, I
first
become subject
Nature before
it
may
apply
offer to
all
me,
the gifts
of Nature to the exclusive development of one or more parand by the j^articular capacity to whose
ticidar capacities;
by
my class
The question
class? or if the
myself
li
arises,
Ought I to choose a particular
demand be not imperative, Dare I devote
to a particular class,
I ought,
if it
that
is,
to a partial culture?
it
must be
possible
to
LECTURE
44:
III.
determine whether
exercise
shall
them
directly
upon
Nature, or indirectly through intercoui-se with my fellowmen. On this point the choice is thus left entirely to my
own prudence.
purposes
;"
but
The law
it
says,
"
Subdue Nature
if I
to thy
should find Nature
at
not?"
all,
or shall
As
finds
man
is
Ho
born in society.
in
many
multitude of men
He finds a
respects for his purposes.
employed in its different departments, cultivating
He finds
every side for the use of rational beings.
it
on
much
for
already done which otherwise he would have had to do
himself.
He might perhaps enjoy a very pleasant exist-
But
this
may
not be
he must
at least endeavour
men
he must at
least strive to
may
to that
45
SOCIETY.
And
IN'
all
sides
either he
and,
in
what remains
human
wisdom
race,
to
and thus
notdo;indeed from
or he may take up
his life
would be
evil intent,
lost to
the
own culture in its other departments to Society; whose culture in that dej^artment which he has chosen for himself is
the sole object of his resolves, his labours, his desires ;
and
class,
so is perfectly
The
choice of a class
is
will
do not
man
46
LECTURK
III.
But
it
sets our
deed
conception of it.
we make a tool;
itself
is unjiist
in opposition to
in itself,
our practical
We
we can do
so
We
talent
particular
that
we may thereby
class,
more extended
for
be
enabled
to
we
select
render back
one
only
cultivation,
to
society
society.
it
No
enjoyment,
to
make himself
human
nice;
that
is,
to set
it
at
freedom
from the bondage of Nature, constantly to increase its inand thus, from the
dependence and spontaneous activity;
new
I
now
a uniform
47
Scholar in particular may conhow many means for its accomplishment lie at his disposal, we shall see at the proper time.
When we contemplate the idea now unfolded, even without reference to ourselves, we see around us a
community
reality.
in
one
member
to all
is
the success of
and the
all,
loss of
one a
loss
The
we
say,
and
existence is not in vain and aimless; I am a necessary link in the great chain of being which I'eaches from
the awakening of the first man to perfect consciousness of
say,
'
My
may, as soon as
I will,
task which they have resigned, of making our common brotherhood ever wiser and happier; I may continue to build
But'
from
my
labours.'
Oh!
this
'
is
I too, like
LECTURK
48
all!
If
assume
and 0 surely
as
III.
my
vocation to assume
it,
end;
can never
men
call
'
am
and
Break
all
upon me!
Eternal,
and thou
!
Eai'th,
and
am
and
it is
Eternal, like
it.'
it is
upon
my
Eteknal,
(49)
LECTURE
IV.
HATE to-day
lives;
and
of you, I pre-
all
sume, apply your whole energies, so that you may honourably fill the station to which you aspire; and I too have
done, and do the like.
the subject to
its
back nothing in
lofty,
men, hoAv
is it
possible for
me
to lay
it
whose duty
it is
cannot ex-
it is a false
modesty which is violated by truth.
Let us then consider our subject in the first place with inlet us treat
difference, as if it had no relation to ourselves
to it:
50
LKCTURE
rv.
it
does honour to a
man and
;
that
we approach
in so
is
set before
all
in
man, and
it is
impulse ; which
vation,
that
offers
on
this subject;
as a whole,
through
society;
for society,
and
There
whether he
is
affords
an unusual
facility
nothing prescribed to
man
society.
hence
own
and this is
to participate in the advantages of his own:
the origin and irround of the distinction of classes in
society.
cai)acitie.s
51
to the satisfaction of
original impulse in
for another
lies
nearer to us.
If a question should arise as to the perfection or imperfection of a state of society arranged on the principles
them
satisfaction of
this
Is
society?
society, is perfect;
final
purpose,
impossible;
all,
provided
that
which
but that
it
is,
not that
then
has attained
its
is
previously shown is
so arranged that it must of
continually approximate
necessity
it
we have
as
thereto:
is
this
not
with as
much
society
may
probability be carried
by some unlucky
all
the
faculties of
all,
man
oc-
man
to
himself.
mands
all
know
The development of this faculty, however, dethe time and energy of a man:
if there be any
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
SANTA BARBARA COLLEGE LIBRART
LECTURE
52
want common
to
particular class
IV.
requires that a
and wants
means of developing and satisfying them, wuukl be not only a most sorrowful and discouraging, but also a vain and perfectly u.seless
He acts a most unfriendly part towards me,
acquirement.
who points out to me my defects, without at the same time
showing me the means of supplying them Avho raises me
of the fiiculties
my
men
to
and
for
whom
and through that perfection at its harmonious comit ought to do: hence to this Knowledge of
wants there must be added a Knowledge of the means hj
and this knowledge properly
which they may he satisfied;
cies,
bination, as
devolves
class,
not
that of the
2^hilosophico-
historical;
means
to the at-
ciety, it is
.such
It
53
we belong stands
which
to
to
what
we can
which
it
take,
cultivation;
it
Know-
little avail)
and he
KnoAvledge
who
is
constitute what
devotes his
is
so called;
life
a Scholar.
it
would be
for
fruitless,
from
part according to
all
sophico-historicalb/,
and
historically.
j)hiIosophicaUi/, pJiilo-
And
now
declare
mony,
not
54
LECTURE
ly.
Knowledge
in the
most
by
their
for the
uniform but
advancement
of the
is
now brought
is
before you;
Yet
must
Upon
his age
by his actions
'
notwithstanding
all
my
efforts to
I will
elements, and
summon
my
that
may
will
not be
enemy
of
mankind pictured
Coldly and
ciaftily, as
man have
calculated
and devised
tlieir
55
scliemes
and
Knowledge
branch must
man
of
We
the picture.
itself
be farther advanced,
the faculties
if all
hence
it is
the
duty of the Scholar, as of every man who has chosen a particular condition of life, to strive for the advancement of
Knowledge, and chiefly of his own peculiar department of
Knowledge;
it is
It is
as
his
it is
the
man
of
duty
every
duty
and
much more
duty.
over and promote the advancement
and
he himself not advance?
own department
for him to watch
in his
his
it is
yes,
of other departments
shall
Upon his progress, the progress of all other departments
of human culture is dependent
he should always be in
;'
From
remain behind?
what he ought
his
to be
he Uves he
he has extended
it.
So long as
the following
maxim be
him
advanced but
not extend
its
little
If
more
what he
is
it is
it.
56
LECTURi:
IV.
his class,
an openness
communicate Knowledge,
to receive,
to
in
the
and a readiness
place and in
first
He must
labours of those
before
him
in
own
his
ciples of Reason.
receptivity
to preserve himself from a growing insensibility to foreign
opinions and modes of thought, w'hich is so common even
for no one
the most independent thinkers;
may still continue to learn, and
and
have something very necessary yet to learn ;
among
well-informed but he
is
so
may
it
is
know
before.
Readiness of communication
is
always needed
by the
Scholar,
for
through
^vhat vieans
society he
he must
rouse
57
and
human
activity
must
also be prosecuted,
classes of
men; if they
devoted their time to learned inquiries, the Scholars themHow then can
selves wouM soon cease to be Scholars.
to that
hearts,
it
in
and
skill of others.
and
in his honesty
skill, as soon as
this trust
he has earned
it
as
he
and
indeed
is
it
to do this
is
not sufficient in
itself
to
lead
the unlearned to
but when
is
often
all
the
call
themselves
always sufficient to enable them, even without deep argument, to recognise truth when another leads
them to her presence. On this intuitive feeling of truth
Scholars)
it is
may
rely.
Thus,
so far as
we have yet
is, by virtue
which
now
58
LECTDRE
He
IV.
human
it
still,
and that
turn back.
it
does not
is
race.
law,
of the requisite
it
upon society;
and every member of
it
being.
He
is
it is
free;
and he
acts
;
it
The
otherwise than by moral means.
men to the adoption of his convictions
be tempted to bring
it
upon
ought
force
in the present
to be unnecessary to
this folly:
neither
will
and that the duties of the man are in every case higher
he would also thereby off'end
than those of the Scholar
in society should act from
individual
Each
against society.
:
his
own
viction
free choice,
he should be
object of
fellow-men.
He who
is
deceived,
is
society.
We
is
for the
moral
How much
its origin in
59
more
is this
life
hath
wherewith
chosen
shall it
be salted?"
if
the
among men
moral good
he should exhibit in
best man of his age;
himself the higliest grade of moral culture then possible.
This is our common vocation,
this our common destiny.
be raoralh/ the
happy destiny
it
which
is,
calls
upon you
to
do that, as
men must do by
all
It is
culture of
^vill
'
To me
my
entrusted the
is
part,
of nations
who
moment,
I
for
also,
my own and
am
the
all
this
am
I called,
labours
history
to bear
results of
a Priest of Truth
myself to do
To
my
the
am
in her pay
have bound
If I should be persecuted
service,
60
LECTURE
IV.
it I
is
thing
shall
have done,
'
to
clearly
said;
too,
will tolerate
Avith
feelings,
grace;
that everything
one
but know
as every touch
is
to
to
is
all this;
it,
know
speak before
my native language can reach, and furmore manly tone of thought, a stronger
sense of elevation and dignity, a more ardent zeal to fulfil
our destiny at every hazard;
so that when you shall have
left this place and are scattered abroad in all directions, I
direction as
ther
f;\r
if possible,
as
may one day know in you, wherever you may dwell, men
whose chosen friend is Truth,
who adhere to her in life and
in death,
who
receive her
when
she
is
cast out
by
all
the
of the
fool.
in everything
With
this
which
view
may
and
I
shal
(61)
LECTUEE
V.
false
it
and thus
versal logic
must teach;
false
easily ascertained.
way
is
G2
LECTURE
V.
and
Man
in
the continual
harmonious development
of all his fixcultics and wants; and I have assigned to that
class, whose duty it is to watch over the progress and
harmony of this development, a most honourable place in
advancement of
culture,
in the
human society.
No man has opposed
cause of
all
that
no salvation for
of
all
the
Scholar-class,
is
and centre
corruption.
With
all
his
the
its i)rogre.ss
towards
its
highest end.
He
did
tliat
precisely
Had
lie
examined into
this impulse,
If
we can
error,
63
and connected
it
with
his actions
and
in his conclusions.
we
shall,
at the
ment of the
first,
is
we shaU
We
shall
we
to
be
in
perfect
he deduce
no
on mere undeveloped
because
man
feeling,
that
it is
partly uncertain,
with himself, and hence carries the reader who can think
with him, irresistibly along.
Had he allowed his feelings
to influence the course of his inquiries, they would have
brought him back to the right path, from which they had first
led
him
astray.
LECTURE
04
lect than
V.
than he possessed;
or no thinker at all.
feeling
common
He came
feeling.
into the great world; he cast his eyes around him, and
what were his sensations when the world and its Scholars,
as
tkeij
actual/ 1/ were,
met
his gaze
He saw
at its
most
saw them
and even look down with contempt on those who were not
saw those who
so wise, and not so virtuous as themselves;
should have been the teachers and guides of the nation sunk
into the
Lpoch
in
rruncc.
delivered In 1794,
65
it
true?
not.
good and
is it
What
will
huma-
nity gain by it? but, What shall / gain by it? how much
saw
gold, or what prince's favour, or what beauty's smile?
them even look on this mode of thought as their highest
honour, and bestow a compassionating shrug on the imbeciles who understood not like them to propitiate the spirit
saw talent, and art, and knowledge, united
of the time;
in the despicable task of extorting a more delicate enjoyment from nerves already wasted in pleasure ; or in the detestable attem^jt to palliate or justify human depravity, to
raise it to the
that those
by his own unhappy experience,
unworthy men were sunk so low that the last misgiving
which truth once prodviced within them, the last doubt
which its presence called into being, having utterly disappeared, they became quite incapable of even examining its
and learned
it
He
saw
and
all this,
revolted against
it
to
be true, for
his strained
With deep
it.
'
it is
and disappointed
he
who
us.'
feelings
indignation he rebuked
his age.
no gain to
sensibility,
the
it is
mark
feels the
'
me
are to
give
them a
them
meaning
Oh
eternal Providence
r2.
my
!
hear the
heart to
wherefore
66
didst thou cause
me
to
LECTURE
V.
be born
or
if it
from
Ye
men
had
cannot
wonder that he
shall not reign;
when
when
it
it
fell
when
it is
Sensualism
destroyed,
not developed,
Hence Rousseau's State
it is
of Nature.
man
shall
would
man would
and,
when
sati.sficd,
himself,
in depriving
Once satiated
drink before him what and
67
how much
the source of
vice
is
from
all
no more;
human
vice.
and Eousseau
it
But
it is
a beast, he
man
is
Vice, indeed, would thus cease; but with it, Virtue and
Reason too would be destroyed. Man becomes an irrational
creature ; there is a new race of animals, and men no longer
exist.
with
Natui'e which he so
what
imprisoned, crushed down by manifold wants, and
is indeed the least evil for the
majority of men, but the
bitterest oppression to such a man as he was,
he was often
and
so
much
able gratification;
he should then be at peace with himself.
He also found himself oppressed on every side by others, be-
way
Man
him would have done so, had they not felt these desires.
Had all around him lived in a State of Nature, he should
then have been at peace ivith othei's. Thus Rousseau desired
undisturbed tranquillity within and without. Well
but
we inquire farther, To what purpose would he apply this
68
LECTURE
V,
?
He thus insensibly transplanted
himself and society into this State of Nature, ivU/t all that
cultivation ivkich they could only acquire by coming out of
the State of Nature; he imperceptibly assumed that they
had already
civilization,
And
civilized.
thus
we have
assumption, and are now able to solve his paradoxes without any serious difficulty.
him
man
it
And
it is
that
easier for
less labour and care; that the fruitfulness of the soil will increase, the climate become milder ; an
innumerable multitude of new discoveries and inventions
will
be
made
to diversify
sistence;
that
wants of
man
and
facilitate the
moans of sub-
rude State of Nature, becau.se he is ignorant of the delights of life, but because he can bear their deprivation;
in a
in which respect it is
ideal,
unattainable like every other ideal state,
so is the golden
age of sensual enjoyment without physical labour which the
69
(It
may
phenomenon of frequent
occurrence, particularly in past ages, that what we shall become, is pictured as something which we already have been ;
and that what we have to attain is represented as something
which we have formerly lost a phenomenon which has its
it is
I shall
explain
should be
that thereby
so,
man may
be forced to leave
his
leads
ceeded.
Hence
indolence
the
Now
plains.
first
it
Want
is
to
answer
tion for
man
combated,
There
is
no
salva-
LECTURE
70
in
and
activity,
associated AvitU
V.
To
in activity alone.
It
to activity.
He who
is
a mean-souled man.
He who
does
feel
it,
should en-
it,
by directing all his
as
far as possible, all
of
the
task
powers
improving,
And even supposing
within his sphere and ai'ound him.
to
calls
himself he judged of others; as he conducted himself amid his own peculiar sorrows, so did huthus as he
manity at
felt
human
the
endure the
took account of
its
common
race possesses,
to
help
lot.
He
power which
itself.
evil
He
activity reigns throughout his whole system of ideas.
is the man of passive sensibility, not at the same time of
proper active resistance to
by
passion,
its
power.
His
the
71
so.
victory, gradual
His pupil
is
for
ever retain
ar-
he
strife;
I
72
LECTURE
V.
to us,
that we
must labour
is
is
infinite!
THE END.
-*4-_
v^
-?>t<l-
r
11
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OF
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ttuirks.
Jdrtu
>'
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or,
tm
'
Tales of Ni'irenberg from the Olden Time. After a MnnuCentury. Translateil from the German of August
Hagen.
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By Hkkukut
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most the
llii'
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tlic
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.V
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Tlir,
OF
with
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Lodge. Demy
" Tlmt
We
of form."
whom
THE
ARTIST'S
MARRIRD LIFE:
BETNTi
THAT OF ALliKRT
DURKR.
show
of
its
H HARTS
pathos."
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tin-
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VOL post
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"
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the religious aiid metapliysical interest, it
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social persecutions he underwent in conseof his
quence
" The book opinions." is Spectator.
a most remarkaltogether
able book, and is destined, we think, to
was attained
acquire all the notoriety which
'
a few years since by the Vestiges of Creation,' and to produce a more lasting effect."
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cally
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'
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Post 8vo, cloth,
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&s.
The
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life
We
tion of
"
is
,^
-^^^^
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....
not the
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CIcristian
spirit."
Massa-
''5^^
f^
'*^iS^:
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1/.
Dr.
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spirit of an original. A
modest and kindly care for his reader's convenience has inducfd the translator often
to supply the rendering into Knglish of a
(ireek quotation, where there was no corto feel the teniplutiou to unfair advnnlaite responding rendering into Oennan in the
or unseemly temper
We can testily origiinil. Indeed, Strauss may well say, as
he does in the notice, which he writes for
that the Iranslalor has achieved a
very timuli
\vork with reniarkalile spirit and nilrlity. this Knglish edition, that as far as he has
The author, tliou;{h indeed a (?ood writer, examined it, the translation is, "et accucould hardly have spoken better had liis ratJi et \tcTS\iic\Hi.'" Prospect ire lleririr.
"In regard to learning, aeiiteness, and
country and language been JOnRlish. The
work
has evidently fallen iuto the hands sagacious conjectures, the work resembles
of one who has not only etl'ective command Niebuhr's History of Rome.' The general
of both lanKuat;es, but a familiarity with manner of treating the subject and arthe subject-matter of theoIoKieal eritieism, ranging the chai>ters, sections, and parts of
and an iiiitiution into its technical phra:>eo- the argument, indicates consumnnite diafVcstminntcr aiid Foreign Quar- lectical skill ; while the style is clear, the
loffv."
tcrlii Hrrieti', 1H47.
direct, and the author's open" Whoever reads these volumes without expression
ness in referring to his sources of informaany n'I'erence to the German, must be tion, and stating his conclusions in all their
pleased with the easy, perspicuous, idiom- simplicity, is candid and exemplary ....
atic, and harmonious l^rce of the English It not only surpasses all its predecessors of
Ihit he will be still more satisfied its kind in learning, acuteness, and thorough
style.
when, on turuinc; to the original, he finds investigation, but it is marked by u serious
that the renderin;:f is word for wont, thought and earnest spirit." Christian Exiiininrr.
for tbou'^ht, anil sentence for sentence. In
"I found in M. Strauss a young man full
prtparing so beautiful a rendering as the of candour, gentleness, ana modrstyone
can have been possessed of a soul that was almost mysteI)iisiiit, the difiieulties
neither few nor small in the way of pre- rious, and, as it were, saddened by the
serving, in various parts of the work, the reputation he had gained. He scarcely
exactness of the translation, combined with seems to be the author of the work under conthat uniform harmony and clearness of sideration." Quinct, llccuc (lea Moiules.
style, which impart to the volumes before
"The
'
CHlllSTIAN LIFE,
Second Edition.
12mo,
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LIFE.
SECOND
SERIES.
"
we may safely say that many of the orthoHeartily
volume of 'Kndeavours alter the Christian dox in all ilei)artinents nii^^lit receive from
J.iie,' because when all that suits not our tliem intellectual stimulus, moral polish,
taste is omiiled, we have still left more to and in some moods religious edification."
"Vr. Martineau
is
XoniDnJorDiist.
"One
Volumes that have in Ibein iilh inteland true eloiiuence, and whi<'h satisi'y
-^^m-.
%s^
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^%
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"
Our author lias an eiarnest, nav, entliusiaslic, love and admiration of his native
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render his subject very interesting and attra.cti\e."31orniiio Advertiser,
views of
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The followuig
By
Gd.
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Or, General
and Art.
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volume
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and
work
in
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"^m
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nlnio>t ilniinutic clianutir : so clfurly and
Btroo'^ly is till' li\ in^, lliinkinK.activi' man
prnjiclcd liDni tliu I'ucu of tliu rfcords
whn-li lit' lias Ict't.
"His spirit was a battli'-fiold, upon
which, with, tInctuatinK forlnnc and singular intensity, the jiowers of belief and
scepticism wa'^eil, from first to last, their
unceasini; war; and within the comi>ass of
his experience are iireseiit<'d to our view
most of the (treat moral and sjiiritual
problpins tliat attach to the couditioii of
our race. Qiiarfrrh/ Jlcriov.
"This hook will improve his (Blanco
White's) reputation. Tlieru is much in the
LirE
OF GOBFIIF.Y
AV.
who
It
are in-
in
its
is
interest
beyond
By
j.
m. Mackie.
FEELl^fGS.
By Charles Bkay.
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"Those who are enKasred in leachinK the
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age Some actpiaintance with the facts, and iiiipressi(nis, will be tluinklul b>r ailditional
tJiste for the study of the Old Testa
lit.
resources of u kind so Judicious us this
The style is simple, easy, and lor the most volume," Inquirer.
--^^^
REVERBERATIONS.
PART
I.
REVERBERATIONS.
PART
II.
HOME.
verse-pamphlet of some
sixty or seventy pages, we think we see
evidences of a true poet; of a fresh and
natural fount of genuine song; and of a
purpose and sympathy admirably suited to
The purchaser of it will
the times
find himself richer in possessing it by many
wise and charitable thounlits, many generous emotions, and muili i-iihn and quiet,
reflection." Kxiiiiiiner.
yet
" deep
Remarkable for earnestness of thought
"In
MD
this little
is.
and strengtli
Herald.
Edited
of
2s.
diction."
Morning
especially
recommends
them
LIEE,
and
"Mr. Cooper possesses undeniable abilino mean order, and moral courage
The manliness with
beyond many
ties of
in
Is.
-^^m
Tlll'l
Wiseman's Appeal.
"
Till-
'
luet'l
'
I'rotcsliint
ill
(IMc'Stiiiii
Hvo,
till'
uifgressioii
KXi'OSITlDN
JiKlKF
By
'
I'upul
lilt"
aritups tlip
lie wiiiild
I.iiyniiin
rinlit s|>iril.
'
the
IJev.
IJ.
to Cardinal
Is.
solely
loirical
nrtrmnont,
tlimisilil, iiiibiiisseil
fri-e
inniiiry,
und free
Miin-
by uutliority."
chvstcr Spectator.
by
OF THK
GOSl'KL
E. B. JLvci.ei.l.vn.
OF
ST.
MATIJIKW.
KNGIJSH
IIELIGION, TIIK
A sermon,
of l.iTEKAruiiE.
Gs.
Published
'A^^^
^i
]VIR.
CHAPMAN'S PUBLICATIOXS.
\i
|trit0.
Catljnlir
UNIFORM POST
EPISTLES
PAUL'S
ST.
THE
TO
An
"
A volume
8vo.
COEINTHIAXS:
Significance,
commentary."Jwgmrer.
"The author
his
treats
GOD IX CHEIST.
I.
II.
Economiit.
Horace Bushnell.
Iu 1
vol..
CONTENTS.
Preliminary dissertation
on the
III.
of the
Discourses by
cloth, 6s.
Religion.
Christ.
^POPULAE CHEISTIANITY
Development.
and probable
By FnEDERiCK Foxton,
present age, and its indications of proeress. He often touches a deep and fruitful truth with a power and fulness that
leave nothing to be desired." Proy?ecfJfe
^"o>: 1849.
Merieiv,
" It contains many passages that show a
warm aopreciation of the moral beauty of
written with considerable
Christianity,
."^Inquirer.
Theodore Parker the 'IJiscourse of Keli- power
"
with earnestness and eloquence."
gion.' There is a great coincidence in the
Critic.
train of ideas. Parker is more copious
" We must refer our readers to the work
and eloquent, but Foxton is far more
and
explicit, definite, and comprehensible in itself, which is most ably written,
evinces a spirit at once earnest, enlighthis lae-diwrn^." Spectator.
" He has a
penetration into the spii-i(ual ened, and liberal in a small compass he
of
views,
desires and wanf^ of the age possil.le only presents a most lucid exposition
to one who pa'lakes of them, and he has many of them original, and supported by
uttered llie most prophetic fact of our arguments which cannot fail to create a
world."in
the
religious
religious condiiion, wiih a force of convic- deep sensation
tion which itself gives confidence, that the Observer.
>v
-^^m^-]
SEVEN LECTURES.
HKPKKSEXTATIYH MKN.
Wai.do K.mekson.
"Mr.
tbe heart."
"There
wisdom to
in
many
MEMOm
Wcehlij
tlie
more
lie
foiiml in
sense
and
(this liook)
than
practical
it
lie
When Kmer-
de|)th, be scatters
deal of true wisdom,
with nmcli genuine poetry. There
liis
bim a great
nliout
mingled
Critic.
LiAM Smith.
"
A Life of Ficbte, full of nobleness and instruction, of grand purpose,
tender feeling, and brave effort!
the compilation of wliieb is executed with
great judgment and fidelity." I'rospectire l!rrii;n\
" We state Ficbte's character as it is
known and ailmitti'd by men of sdl parties
anioiig the (icrnians, when we say tbat so
robust un intellect, a soul so calm, so lofty,
massive, and immoveable, has not mingleu
Cloth,
WlI.I.IAM S.MITU.
WILIJAM VON
By
Cloth,
b, wt.-
4s. 6f/.
depths of
j\rirA.
is
"Tliere are
By Ealph
Clotli, 5s.
Joii.vxn
or,
The
Translated by ^
Gottliku Fichtk.
Gs.
HUMP,()L1)T'S
LETTERS TO A FE-
"
lo
Farm,"
"
only
G(/.
liisl"
arising
is in
every way worthy of the stances in which they originated
and experience of its distin- We wish we had space to verify our re
marks. Hut we should not know where to
guished author." Jtiiili/ Nrirs.
"These admirable letters were, we believe, iiegin, or where to end; we have therefore
no all<riiati\e but to recommeml tin' entire
first iiitrodui-ed to notice in Kiiglanil by
tbe AtlKMiuum
and perhaps no trealer book to careful perusal, and to iiromise a
boon was ever coiiterreii upon tbe r.nglish conliniiaiice of occasional extracts into
reader than in tbe publicatinn of tb<' two our columns from the beauties of thought
Voluines wliieli contain thisexcelleiit trans- and feeling with which it abounds." Manlation of William Humboldt's portion of rlirster IC.nniii/ier nitd Tiiiiex.
" It is the
of
a lengtbeneil correspomlence with his
fUily complete collection
female friend."
Westminster and Fo- these remarkable letters, which has yet
been iiublisbed in Knglisb, and tbe translareiijn Uiiarterlii Jterieir.
"The beautitiil series of W. Von Hum- tion is singularly perfect we have seldom
boldt's letters, now for tbe first time trans- i( ad such a rendering of rierman thoughts
lated and published couijilete, possess not into llie Knglisb tongue." Critic.
The work
cbaraeti'r
'
'
-<^*^^^-
^^,:
m^^
-"^m^:
MR. CHAPIIAN'S PUBLICATIONS.
William
Sjiith.
Foreign Quarterly.
"This is Fichte's most popular work,
and is every way remarkable." Aflii-f.
"It .appears to us the boldest and most
emphatic attempt that has yet been made
to explain to man his restless and unconquerable desire to win the True and the
Eternal." Sentinel.
tliink,
Wil
The
praise.
Critic.
By johann gott-
'
man, and
is
ITS
Translated
from the German, by William Smith. Second Edition. Cloth, 3s. 6d.
" With
"Tliis work must inevitably arrest the
great satisfaction we welcome
English translation of an author
occupies the most exalted position as
a profound and original thinker; as an
irresistible orator in the cause of what he
believed to be truth ; as a thorouglily
honest and heroic man
The appearance of any of his works in our language
this tirst
who
These
is, we believe, a perfect novelty. .
orations are admirably fitted for their purpose so grand is the position taken by the
.
Examiner.
^^^S^$^-
We
-^^^M
CONTENTS OF VOL.
1.
2.
3.
4.
CONTENTS OF VOL.
1.
2.
I.
of
Religion.
SERMONS OF CONSOLATION.
D.D.
3a-.
"This a
wc would
ins;
SELF-CULTUEE.
cover
By
f.
w.
p.
greenwood,
cloth.
By
WiLLiA.-Ni
Elleuy
Cn.\^'xiNG.
Gd.
paper
Is. cloth.
Cloth, Gs.
be seen from these extracts that His Iang;uage is almost entirely flgunitive :
Theodore I'lirker is ii writer of coiisideriilile the glories of nature are pressed into his
careless
power iind fresliness, if not oriiiiniility. Of service, and cunvcy bis most charm
of
the school of t'arlyle, or riither taking the llioiiglit. This is the i)riiicipul
same Ui'rman originals lor liis models, bis writings; bis eloqiK iice is altiigetbi'r
Parker hiis a more sober style and a liss unlike that of the Knglish orator or
tbeairic tusie. Mis composition wants the essayist; it partakes of the grandeur of the
in bis native land ; and we seem,
grotescjiie animation and riclmess of Car- forests
when listening to bis speech, to hear the
lyle, l)ul it is vivid, slruiii;, and frciineiilly
of the woods, the rustling of the
piclurescue. wiili a Iniileriicss that the music
great Scolcliman does not possess." iSy;cc- jiiiie-lrees, and the ringing of the woodniaii's axe.
In Ibis respect he resembles
t(i(or.
"Viewing li>m o-s a most useful, as well Kmerson; but, unlike that celebrated inaiK
as hi:4!'lv-iiried man, we cordially welcome be never discourses audibly with himself,
the iiDOeiiiame of an lOnglisb reprint of in a language unknown to the world he
some of bis best productions. The Miscel- is never obscure; the stream, though deep,
laneous' I''eces are characterised by the reveals the itlilleriiig gems which clusUir
peculiar elo<|uence which is without a so thickly on its bed." i;i(//>Yr.
parallel in the works of Knglish writers.
It will
^^&^
--^^1
"The autobiography of Richter, which women, of the most refined and exalted
extends only to his twelfth year, is one of natures, and of princely rank. It is full
the most interesting studies of a true poet's of passages so attractive and valuable that
it IS difficult to make
a selection as exchildhood ever given to the world."
amples of its character." Inqvirer.
Lowe's Edinburgh Magazine.
" Richter has an intellect vehement,
"The work is a useful exfiibition of a
rugged, irresistible, crushing in pieces the great and amiable man, who, possessed of
hardest problems ; piercing into the most the kindliest feelings, and the most brilhidden combinations of things, and grasp- liant fantasy, turned to a high purpose
ing the most distant an imagination vague, that humour of which Rabelais is the great
sombre, splendid, or appalling, brooding grandfather, and Sterne one of the line of
over the abysses of being, wandering through ancestors, and contrasted it with an exaltainfinitude, and summoning before us, in tion of feeling and a rhapsodical poetry
Let us hope
its dim religious light, shapes of brilliancy, which are entirely his own.
solemnity, or terror; a fancy of exube- that it will complete the work Isegun by
rance literally unexampled, for it pours Mr. Carlyle's Essays, and cause Jean Paul
its treasures with a lavishness which knows to be really read in this country." 0:no limit, hanging, like the sun, a jewel on aminer.
" Richter is exhibited in a most
amiable
every grass-blade, and sowing the earth at
in
this biography
industrious,
large ^vith orient pearls. But deeper than light
all these lies humour, the ruling quality of frugal, benevolent, with a child-like simRichter as it were the central tire that plicity of character, and a heart overflowpervades and vivifies his whole being. He ing with the purest love. His letters to
IS a humourist from his inmost soul ; he his wife are beautiful memorials of true
thinks as a humourist; he imagines, acts, affection, and the way in which he perpefeels as a humourist sport is tlie element tually speaks of his children shows that he
was the most attached and indulgent of
in which his nature lives and works."
fathers. Whoever came within the spiiere
Thomas
" With Carhjle.
such a writer it is no common of his companionship appears to have conIn
the
tracted an atfectiiin for him that death only
treat to be intimately acquainted.
and while his name was reproximity of ^reat and virtuous minds we dissolved
imbibe a portion of their nature feel, as sounding through Germany, he remained
mesmerists say, a healthful contagion, are as meek and humble as if he had still been
braced with the same spirit of faith, hope, an unknown adventurer on Parnassus."
and patient endurance are furnished with The Appreatice.
"The life of Jean Paul is a charming
data for clearing up and working out the
intricate problem of life, and are inspired, piece of biography which draws and rivets
like them, with the prospect of immortality. the attention. The affections of the reader
No reader of sensibility can rise from the are fixed on the hero with an intensity
of these volumes without becoming rarely bestowed on an historical character.
It is impossible to read this biography
Eerusal
oth wiser and better." Atlas.
"
Apart from the interest of the work, as without a conviction of its integrity and
the life of Jean Paul, the reader learns truth; and though Richter's style is more
life
German
difi3cult
of translation than that of any
and
of
German
something
thought, and is introduced to Weimar other German, yet we feel that his golden
thoughts have reached us pure from the
during its most distinguished period
when Goethe, Schiller, Herder, and Wie- mine, to which he has given that impress
land, the great fixed stars of Germany, in of genius whicli makes them current in all
conjunction with Jean Paul, were there, countries." 67tri6<j/4 Reformer.
surrounded by beautiful
and admiring
or,
the
^lae^^
-^
'^^^\
^^S^:
MR. CIIArMAN-S PUBLICATIONS.
THE CATHOLIC
THE rnTLOSOIiry of
SERIES-conud.
AKT.
a.,
is
work of
an application
not
tlir siiiiiiiilt
of
(KTl'i'ilion,
Imt
is
ESSAYS.
Notice by
BY
E.
Thomas
tion."
3s.
new
facts
With a
iniiiilerestiii'..',
I'lato,
and,
him as unintelligihie
as they do liucon and
iiiilriil,
philosophy
itself."
faculties,
and
lower intellectual
(Second Series.)
paper cover
pzcliidpd,
Examiner.
W. EMl-.ESOX.
Caki.yi.e.
is
I
'
triilhs,
meet
at
iiation,
'k^
t&^^
-^m^
nrnttrrijntinn nf
tjii^
CntjiDlir
Inirs
BY THE PRESS.
"
'
known
to all lovers of literature, and may be recommended as calculated to instruct and elevate by the proposition of noble aims and the inculcation of
noble truths, furnishing reflective and cultivated minds with more wholesome food than the nauseous trash which the popular tale-writers of the
set before their readers."
Morning Chronicle.
day
" Too much
enconi-agement cannot be given to enterprising publications
like the present.
They are directly in the teeth of popjular prejudice and
popular trash. They are addressed to the higher class of readers those
who think as well as read. They ai-e works at which ordinary publishers
shudder as unsaleable,' but which are really capable of finding a verj-
'
large public."
"
Foreign Quurterhj.
contain,
we may
safely say that they are generally such as all men of free
Nonconto know and ponder."
formist.
" This series deserves
attention, both for what it has already given, and
for what it promises."
Tait's Magazine.
"
series not intended to represent or maintain a form of opinion, but
to bring together some of the works which do honour to our common
nature, by the genius they disi^lay, or by their ennobling tendency and
lofty aspirations."
"
Inquirer.
with so
much
^'ell
article.
It is a
and
trust the public will justify his confidence. Nothing could be more unworthy than the attempt to discourage, and indeed punish, such unselfish
enterjjrise, by attaching a bad reputation for orthodoxy to everything con-
we
'
V
-^0^
'^m'
--*ft^]
NOW READY,
No.
I.
OF
for
ibravi)
"SKETCHES
|!copIc:
tijc
EUEOPEAN
OF
CAl'IIALS,"
BY
WILLIAM WARE,
M.D.,
"
AUTHOR OF " ZENOBIA OR. LETTERS FROM PALMYRA," ACRELIAN," BTC.
;
In the press,
and
will be published
Is.
Xov.
1st,
No. IL
"LITEEATUHE AND
LIFE."
LECTURES BY
EDWIN W WIHTPLE,
CONTENTS.
Lecture
I.
Authors
to
II.
III.
in their Relations
Lil'c.
Wit
iind
Life.
V. Genius.
VI. Intellectual Health .and
Disease.
Humor.
LONDON:
JOHN CHAPMAN,
142,
MDCCCLI.
STRAND.
r*
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
Santa Barbara College Library
Santa Barbara, California
;
__
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is
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