SKAA 1513/ SAB 1513

UTM

Faculty
ot Civil Engineering

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOG1 MALAYSIA

RE S E A R C H

U N I V E R S I T Y

FINAL EXAMINATION
SEMESTER I, SESSION 2011/2012
COURSE CODE

: SKAA 1513/SAB 1513

COURSE

: FLUID MECHANICS

PROGRAMME

: SKAW/ SAW

DURATION

: 2 HOURS 30 MINUTES

DATE

: JANUARY 2012

INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES:
1. ANSWER FIVE (5) QUESTIONS ONLY.

WARNING!
Students caught copying/cheating during the examination will be liable for
disciplinary actions and the faculty may recommend the student to be expelled from
the study.
This examination question consists of (9) printed pages only.

SKAA 1513/ SAB 1513

Refer to FIGURE Ql, a quadrant shape gate XY is built to hold water on one
side. The depth of the water is 8 m and the radius of the quadrant is 5 m. The
gate is hinged along X. The width of the gate is 4 m. Neglect the weight of the
gate. Calculate:
i.

Magnitude and location of the horizontal force,

ii.

Magnitude and location of the vertical force,

iii.

Resultant force and angle of the force acting on the gate.

sz.

Water

FIGURE Ol
(20 marks)

SKAA 1513/SAB 1513 3

Q2. (a) In the energy conservation principle, the total energy flowing in the
pipe between two points is similar. Write the 3 energy (head) equations
used to analyse the flow of fluid in pipe.
(3 marks)
(b) Water is flowing in a pipe with flow rate of 1.0 m3/s as shows in
FIGURE Q2. The pressure at point A is 3 times larger than pressure at
point B. The diameter of the smaller pipe is 300 mm. Neglect energy
losses.
i.

Calculate the height, h, velocity (vA and vb), and diameter of

the larger pipe.

ii.

Sketch the hydraulics grade line (HGL) and also energy grade
line (EGL).
(17 marks)
(20 marks)

FIGURE 02

SKAA 1513/SAB 1513 4

With the aid of diagram, describe the procedure in determining the

force of moving fluid on stationary curved blades.
(4 marks)

A vertically positioned pipe bend of volume 0.06 m3 is shown in

FIGURE Q3. The flow velocity at point 1 is 4.0 m/s. The diameters of
the pipe bend at points 1 and 2 are 200 mm and 100 mm respectively.
By ignoring head losses, calculate the horizontal and vertical
component of the reaction force of the water flowing in the pipe bend.
(16 marks)

(20 marks)

FIGURE 03

SKAA 1513/SAB 1513 5

Flow in pipe can be classified into 3 regimes based on Reynolds

number.
i.

Define the Reynolds number and explain the conditions to

determine the flow regimes in pipe flow.

ii.

In pipe flow analysis, what criteria affecting the friction factor.

State 2 methods to determine the friction factor.
(10 marks)

Oil with a density of 950 kg/m3 flow in cast iron pipe with a diameter
of 150 mm. If the pipe is 200 m long and having the head loss of 6 m,
calculate the flow rate of the oil. Take the kinematic viscosity,
v = 1.0x10'5 m2/s.
(10 marks)
(20 marks)

SKAA 1513/ SAB 1513

Q5. (a) What are the basic concepts for series and parallel pipe in terms of
head loss and flow discharges. Which system do you prefer to send
more water from one place to another? What are the real applications
that you observe in Malaysia?
(5 marks)
(b) The rate of water flowing from a storage reservoir A to a storage
reservoir B is 0.02 m3/s. The water is flowing through pipe system
connected in series and parallel as shown in FIGURE Q5. Assume the
water levels in both reservoirs remain constant. Calculate the
difference in water level between the two reservoirs, H, taking friction
factor,/ = 0.005.
(15 marks)
(20 marks)

FIGURE 05

SKAA 1513/SAB 1513 7

Q6 (a) Centrifugal pumps can be installed in series or in parallel. Sketch the

arrangements of two pumps connected in series and in parallel.
(4 marks)
(b) An adjustable speed centrifugal pump is used to pump water from a
lower reservoir to an upper reservoir in a water supply project. The
difference in elevation between the reservoir water surfaces is 15 m. The
pump is connected to a 250 mm diameter pipe system of total length 300
m, friction factor 0.0045, and minor head losses 90Q2. The required
flow rate is 180 liter/s. The performance curve (characteristics curve) of
a centrifugal pump Model ABC 123 operating at speed 2000 rpm is as
shown in TABLE 1.
i.

Determine the operating flow rates, heads and the input powers
when the pump is operating at speed 2000 rpm and 3000 rpm.

ii.

Suggest which of the above pump speed is suitable in the water

supply project. Give a reason.
(16 marks)
(20 marks)

TABLE 1: Performance curve of centrifugal pump Model ABC 123

at speed 2000 rpm:
0
Flow rate (m /s)
0.020 0.040 0.060
0.080 0.100
0.120
0.140
Head (m)
44
43
41
34
38
29
22
13
Efficiency (%)
0
15
30
60
45
75
80
72

SKAA 1513/SAB 1513 8

Appendix 1

Geometric Properties of Plauc Surfaces

].. sm 0

h n = ------------- + hc
p Ah
c

hf =

4 fL v2
d2g

i?L=*2Qx

X,-

hf/ =1.85
C

Qi

Qi

f\e

Ai A-,

v<ip vc/

// U
i 0.67 L ..185

133.91

O'

c/I.!7v0.15 2g

& = Vi
0.

Hj
\. D \ J

Ns=^* H3 / 4

/ = /c + Ayt-

'l'3
vA ;

f"2fJ IA J
i*..

P^pgHQ

Plain water p 1000 kg/m3, /y = 1 x 10 3 Pa.s, u = 1 x 10 m2/s

SKAA 1513/SAB 1513 9

Appendix 2
MOODY DIAGRAM