TABLE OF CONTENTS

Appendices
1.
II-A.
II-B.
111.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XlV.
Xv.
XVI.
XVII.

Welding Procedure Oualification Record (POR)

Performance Oualilication Test Record
Welder Performance Oualilication Record (Example)
Prequalilied Complete Joint Penetration Groove Welded Joints
Pipe Schedules
Acceptable and Unacceptable Weld Proliles
Weld Prolile Acceptance Description
Visual Weld Inspection Acceptance Criteria
Test Results Required, Guided Bends
Weld Metal Analysis
Electrode Groups
Welder Oualilication Test Requirements
Fillet Procedure Oualilication Requirements
Groove Procedure Oualilication Requirements
Prequalilied Base Metal-Filler Metal Combinations lor Matching Strength
Minimum Preheat and Interpass Temperature
Radiographic Testing
Face and Root Bend Specimens

Revisian D: January 2006 with editorial carrectians al December 2008

Page No.
1

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
13
15
16
17

20
22
27

Conversions and Calculations

The International System 01 Units (SI) makes use 01 conversion lactors and metric prelixes. Use the lollowing tables:

Table of SI Conversions
PROPERTY

U.S. CUSTOMARY UNITS

SI UNITS

To convert (rom

To

pound-Iorce (Ibl)

newton (N)

kip (1000 lb/)

newton

linear dimension

inch (in)

millimeter (mm)

tensile strength

pounds per square inch (psi)

pascal (Pa)

(psi)

kilopascal (kPa)

6.89

(psi)

megapascal (MPa)

0.00689

mass

pound mass (avdp)

kilogram

0.454

angle, plane

degree (angular) (0)

radian (rad)

0.0175

Ilow rate

cubie leet per hour (1t3Ihr)

liters per minute (Umin)

0.472

heat input

joules per ineh (J/in)

joules per meter (J/m)

travel speed, wire

inehes per minute (in/min)

millimeter per seeond (mm/s)

lorce

temperature

degree Fahrenheit (OF)

Multiply by

4.5
4450
25.4
6895

39.4
0.423
oC = (OF - 32)/1.8

degree Celsius (oC)

Table of SI Prefixes
EXPONENTIAL
EXPRESSION

MULTIPLlCATION
FACTOR

PREFIX

SYMBOL

giga

mega

1000

kilo

10-3

0.001

milli

10-6

0.000001

10-

0.000000001

10

1000000000

106

1000000

103

micro

J.I

nano

Formulas
PROPERTY

FORMULA

ultimate tensile strength (uts)

uts = maximum load/original cross-seetional area

eross-seetional area (esa)

esa = nD2/4 (Ior eirele)

esa = width x thiekness (Ior square or reetangle)

temperature

degree Fahrenheit (OF)

degree Celsius (oC)

degree Celsius rC)

degree Fahrenheit (OF)

=(OF - 32)/1.8
F = 1.8 x oC + 32
oC

This book is for examination purposes only.

It is not a working set of specifications nor acode.
The information contained herein may not match
the current editions of the referenced documents.
Do not write in this book.

APPENDIX I
WELDlNG PROCEDURE OUALlFICATION RECORD (POR)
PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION

GROOVE WELD TEST RESULTS

Malerial specilicalion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _---;:[10-1_ __

Welding process _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _-.0(2"'1'---_ __

Tensile Slrenglh, psi

Manual, semiautomatic, automatic: _ _ _----;(,,31;-_ __

1. _ _ _ _ _ _ _~(~2~41'___-------(251
2._------'---'---'-----------

Position 01 welding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _--'("'41'--_ __

Filler metal specilication _ _ _ _ _ _ _~(5~1--Filler metal classilication _ _ _ _ _ _ _-+(631:-_ _
Weld metal analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _----(::71;-_ __
Shielding gas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(~8'!-1--Flow rate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _----;-0-(9"'1'---_ _

Guided-Bend TesIs (2 rool-, 2 face-, or 4 side-bends)

Face
1.
2.

Root

(261
(271

1.
2.

Side

[281
(291

Single or multiple pass _ _ _ _ _ _ _---;-(l:-.;0;oI_ __

3.

Single or multiple arc _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~(l_:l~l--Welding current _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _----'(.:.:120'1_ __

4.

Welding progression _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~(1-':3"-1--Preheat temperature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~(l_:4~1_ __

Welder's ID _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~(l-:5~1_ __
Welder's name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Jc(l,,6,,1_ __

[301
(311
[321
(331

1.
2.

Radiographic-Ultrasonic Examination
RT Repor! No: _ _ _ _ _ _.,,[3,,4 1______
7
UT Report No: _ _ _ _ _ _-"[3::5"-1_ _ _ _ __
FILLET WELD TEST RESULTS

VISUAL INSPECTION RESULTS

Minimum size multiple pass

Macroetch

Appearance _ _ _ _ _ _ _'-'(1-',7'-1_ _ _ _ _ __

1"'81'-_ _ _ _ __
Undercut _ _ _ _ _ _ _..J(c:.
Piping porosity _ _ _ _ _ _Jc(l:::9,,1_ _ _ _ _ __

(361
[371
[381

1.
2.
3.

Maximum size single pass

Macroetch

1.
2.
3.

(391
(401
[411

ALL-WELD-METAL TENSION TEST RESULTS

2:;:.1'---_____
Tensile strength, psi _ _ _ _ _ _--'('0
Yield poinVstrength, psi _ _ _ _ _~(2:-:10-1----Elongation in 2 in, % _ _ _ _ _ _(;:2::;2,.1_ _ _ __
Laboratory Test No: _ _ _ _ _ _-'(=23",1'-_ _ _ __

Test Date _ _ _ _ _ _ _--,(;..4,,2;

1-______
Witnessed by _ _ _ _ _ _---'(4.::3'-'1_ _ _ _ _ __

WELDING PROCEDURE

Pass

Welding Current

No.

Electrode
Size

Amperes

Volts

Speed of Travel

Joint Detail

(44]

[451

[461

(47]

(48]

(491

We, the undersigned, certify that the statements in this record are correct.
Procedure

No. ______'-(5_'-1_______

5"'21'---_ _ _ _ _ __
Revision No. _ _ _ _ _ _--'[c:.

Manulacturer or Contractor _ _ _ _-'.(5_1..:.1_ _ _ __

Authorized by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _...
(5_3..:.1_ _ _ __
Drue _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~(~5~41'____ _ __

APPENDIX n-A

~,'z,tAC:l<ll Jel

~o,JAd.t,\L

PERFORMANCE QUALlFICATION TEST RECORD

(SMAW, GMAW, GTAW, FCAW, SAW, OFW, PAW)

Name
[1]
Welder
Welding Operator
I.D. No.
[2]
WPS Used
[3]
Process(es)
[4]
Transfer Mode (GMAW)
[5]
[7]
Test Base Metal Specification
[6]
to
Material Number
[8]
lo
[9]
Fuel Gas (OFW)
[10]
AWS Filler Metal Classification(s)
[11]
F No.
[12]
Backing Yes O No O
Double Side O Single Side O
Current Polarity AC O DCEP O DCEN O
Backing Gas Yes O No O
Consumable Insert Yes O No O
Test Weldment

Groove
Fillel

Pipe

Plate
Cladding
Hardfacing
Progression

Vertical Up O

TEST RESULTS
Visual Test
Macro Test

Break Test
Bend Test
Radiographic Test

PassO
PassO
PassO
PassO
Pass O

lG
lG
lF
lF
lC
lC

2G
2G
2F
2F
2C
2C

5G
3G
2FR
3F
3C
3C

6G
4G
4F
4F
4C
4C

Test Joint Sketch

Thickness (T)

Width (W)
Thickness
Thickness
Thickness
Thickness

Position Tested

Pipe
Plate

5F
5C
5C

6C
6C

Diameter
Diameter

Thickness

Thickness

Vertical Down O

FailO
FailO
FailO
FailO
Fail O

REMARKS
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]

N/AO
N/AO
N/AO
N/AO
N/A O

[17]

aUALIFICATION LlMITS
Process(es)
Weldment

Groove

Position

Pipe
Plate

Cladding
Hardfacing
Weldment
Fillet

F
F
F

H
H
H
H

V
V
V

Deposited Thickness

AII
AII
AII
AII

O
O
O
O

Position

Pipe
Plate

F
F

V
V

Al!
Al!

O
O

Progression Vertical Up O Vertical Down O

Base Melal M No(s). _ _ _ _ _---![""8~]'-------Filler Metal F No(s). --;=;--_ _=---'["'20"']--;==;-_ __
Current Polarity AC O DCEP O DCEN O
Backing Gas, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _--"[2=-':l.]_ _ _ _ __

t
t

mino
mino

mino
mino

t max.

t
t

max.
max.

Dia.

mino

max.

Base Metal Thickness

Tmin.
Tmax.
Tmin.
Tmax.

Dia. mino

Fuel Gas (OFW)._--;=-_ _ _ _[,,''''9]'----_ _ _ __

Backing Yes O No O
Consumable Insert Yes O No O
Transfer Mode (GMAW) _ _ _ _--'[-:::22::,!]_,-)-,_ _ __

':>-,

::::J

We, the undersigned, certify that the statements in this record are correct.
Date tested _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _--"[2::3"']_ _ _ _ __

Qualifier signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _["'2'-'4'-]_ _ _ __

Permission lo reproduce granted by the American Welding Society.

APPENDIX 11-8
Speetee, Ine.
905 Ridge Way, Eastem, Somewhere 84328, xxx-yyy-zzzz, FAX xxx-yyy-zzzz

WELDER PERFORMANCE QUALlFICATION RECORD

Welder's Name _ _-=-="c,::-:-::w:c-=-,p=r=-a=c=t~i=c~a=1,:-:c-_ _
WPS No. _____"D=1--'-,.oo1_-=-3-"G,,-=U:::-C-C:-:J...
P_-"'B,,-=-3=-0-'--7_ __

ID No.

Welding Process

FCAW

Type

SpecificationorCode

AWS Dl.l:2000, Structural Welding Code-Steel

222-33-4444

Date _---=1"'1::.----'0:.:8:.----'0'-'0:..._

Manual

Base Metal
To: Material SpeclType/Grade
A 36
Material SpecfType/Grade
A 36
Thickness
1 in
Thickness Range Oualified 1/8 in-Un1imited
Base Metal Preparation Base metal shall be alean and free of moisture, oil, dirt,

paint, coatings, rust, seale. etc. Cleaning sha11 leave no residue.

Joint Welded
Single V-Groove with stea1 backing
Type ofWeld Joint
(See Figure 4.21, Test Plata for Unlimited Thickness)
Bevel Angle
22. 5 D
Root Face
O
Root Opening
1/4 in
Backing Yes 00 No O
Backing Type
1/4 x 1 in Stee1 Strap

Electrode
FNo.

Specification

A 5,18

Classification

E71T-1

Size Range

l/16th

Filler Metal
F No.

Specification

A 5.18

Classification

E71T-1

Size Range

l/16th

Preheat
Interpass Temperature Max. _ _ _---=4.::0.::0_o-=F_ _ __

50F min.

Preheat

Position
Progression _ _ _ _ _ _ _U"p"'----_ _ _ _ _ __

3G

Position

TEST RESULTS
Bends

Visual

PassOO FailO

N/AO PassOO

Metallographic

Radiographic

FailO

N/AOO PassO FailO

N/AOO PassO

FailO

Laboratory test no. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Testdate _________________________________

Test conducted by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

per ___________________________

aUALlFIED FOR
TypeWeld

Current

Single Side 00
Double Side O

ACO
DCENO
DCEPOO

Base Metal Group No.

I(a) (Carbon and Low-Alloy

Steel)

Backing
WithOO
Type Stee1
Open RootO

Penetration

Vertical

Complete 00
PartialO

DownO
UpOO

00, in

t, in
Position
Plate-Groove

PipelTube---Groove
Plate--Fillet
PipelTube--Fillet

1GOO
1GOO
1FOO
1FOO

2GOO
2GOO
2FOO
2FOO

3GOO
5GO
3FOO
5FO

4GO
6GLJ
4FO
6FO

Min.

Max.

Min.

Max.

1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8

Unlimited
Unlimited
Unlimited

Over24

Unlimited

Unlimited

The above individual is qualified to the above limits in accordance with AWS 01.1 :2000, Structural Welding Code-Steel.

Oualified By _ _ _ _p.c..:::.m~.:S=:-~=o:-=------

Position Weld Supervisor

(signature)

Date

11-10-00

APPENDIX 111
PREQUALlFIED COMPLETE JOINT PENETRATION GROOVE WELDED JOINTS
Single-V-groove weld (2)
Butt join! (B)

<?

"1 f

Welding
Pracess
SMAW
GMAW
FCAW

Joint
Designatan
B-U2

B-U2-GF

T,
U

T2

Groove Preparation

Rool Opening
Roal Face

B-L2c-S

Tolerances

Groove Angle

As Detailed

As Fitup

Allowed
Welding
Positions

R Oto 1/8
f=Olol/B
o: = 60
A-Oto1/B

+1/16, -O
+1/16, -O
+10, -O"
+1/16, -O
+1/16,-0

+1/16, 1/8
Nol limited

AII

+ 10",-0

+10, -5"

+1/16, -O

f=DtollB
o: = 60
R

SAW

TI T ,

Base Metal Thickness

(U = untimited)

/"-

'C-~I
1,.1

Gas
Shielding
forFCAW

+10, _5
+1/16, 1/8
Nollimited

AII

Notes

b, e, d

No!
required

a,b,d

Over 1/2 lo 1

f = 1/4 max.
o: = 60
R-O

A =:1:0

Over 1 lo 1-112

f = 1/2 max.
o: = 60"

f=+O,-f

1I16

o: = +10",-0

+10, _5

b, d

R-O

Over 1-112 lo 2

f = 5/8 max.
Ct = 60"

Single-V-groove weld (2)

Butt joint (B)

Tolerances

rDI

As Detailed
R _ +1/16,--Q
ex ~ +10,--Q

/"'-..

As Fitup
+1/4, -1/16
+10, _5

~R

Welding
Process
SMAW

Joinl
Designation
B-U2a

Base Melal Thickness

(U = unlimited)

T,
U

GMAW
FCAW

B-U2a-GF

SAW
SAW

B-L2a-S
B-U2-S

2max.
U

T,

Groove Preparation
RooI Opening

Groove Angle

R - 1/4
R 318
R _ 1/2

a
a

R
RR
R
R_

3116
318
1/4
1/4
5/8

a
u

a
a
a

45
30
~ 20
30
~ 30
45
~ 30
~ 20

Altowed
Welding
Positions
F,
F,
F,
F,
F,

Al!
V,OH
V,OH
V,OH
V,OH
V,OH
F
F

Gas
Shielding
forFCAW

Required
Not req.
Not req.

Notes
c,d
c,d
c,d
a,d
a,d
a,d
d
d

a Not prequalified tor GMAW-S nor GTAW.

b Backgouge root to sound metal befare welding second side.
e SMAW detailed joints may be used for prequalified GMAW (except GMAW-S) and FCAW.
dThe orientation of the two members in Ihe joints may vary from 1350 to 1800 for bull joints, or 45 to 135 D far corner joinls, or 45 lo 90 0 for
T-joinls.

APPENDIX IV
PIPE SCHEDULES
405
Std.

Obte.

Pipe
Size

O.D.

1/8

0.405

0.035 0.049 0.049

0.1383 0.1863 0.1863

0.068

1/4

0.540

0.049 0.065 0.065

0.2570 0.3297 0.3297

0.088 0'.088
0.4248 0.4248

0.119
0.5351

0.119
0.5351

318

0.675

0.049
0.065
0.065
0.3276 0.4235 0.4235

0.091
0.091
0.5676 0.5676

0.126

0.126

1/2

0.840

0.065 0.065 0.083 0.083

0.5383 0.5383 0.6710 0.6710

0.109
0.109
0.8510 0.8510

0.147

0.147

1.088

31.

1.050

0.065
0.6838

0.113
1.131

0.113
1.131

0.133
1.679

0.133

(in)

55

0.065
0.6838

105

10

20

30

0.2447

0.083 0.083
0.8572 0.8572
0.109

60

0.068
0.2447

EH

160

E.H.

1.088

0.188
1.304-

0.294
1.714

0.154
1.474

0.154
1.474

0.219
1.937

0.308

0.179

0.179

0.358
3.659

80

100

120

140

0.095 0.095
0.3145 0.3145

0.7388 0.7388

2.441

1.679

2.172

2.172

0.250
2.844

1-1/4

0.065
1.660
1.107

0.065
1.107

0.109
1.806

0.109
1.806

0.140
2.273

0.140
2.273

0.191
2.997

0.191
2.997

0.250
3.765

0.382
5.214

1-112

1.900

0.065
1.274

0.065
1.274

0.109
2.085

0.109
2.085

0.145
2.718

0.145
2.718

0.200
3.631

0.200
3.631

0.281
4.859

0.400
6.408

2.375

0.065
1.604

0.065
1.604

0.109
2.638

0.109
2.638

0.154
3.653

0.154
3.653

0.218
5.022

0.218
5.022

0.344

7.444

0.436
9.029

2-112

2.875

0.083
2.475

0.083
2.475

0.120
3.531

0.120
3.531

0.203
5.793

0.203
5.793

0.276
7.661

0.276
7.661

0.375
10.01

0.552
13.70

3.500

0.083
3.029

0.083
3.029

0.120
4.332

0.120
4.332

0.216
7.576

0.216
7.576

0.300
10.25

0.300
10.25

0.438
14.32

0.600
18.58

3-1/2

4.000

0.083
3.472

0.083
3.472

0.120
4.973

0.120
4.973

0.226
9.109

0.226

9.to9\

0.318
12.51

0.318
12.51

4.500

0.083
3.915

0.083
3.915

0.120
5.613

0.120
5.613

0.237
10.79

0.23~f
10.79 .

0.337
14.98

0.337'
14.98

4-1/2

5.000

5.563

0.109
6.349

0.109
6.349

0.134
7.770

0.134
7.770

0.238
14.62

0.258
14.62

0.375
20.78

0.375
20.78

0.500
27.04

0.625
32.96

0.750
38.55

6.625

0.109
7.585

0.109
7.585

0.134
9.290

0.134
9.289

0.280
18.97

0.280
18.97

0.432
28.57

0.432
28.57

0.562
36.39

0.719
45.30

0.864
43.16

7.625

8.625

9.625

1.

10.750

11

11.750

12

12.750

,.

0.156
21.07

14.000

0.065 0.065 0.109

1.315
0.8678 0.8678 1.404-

80s&

40

1.404-

0.281
12.66

0.247
12.53

0.109
9.914

0.148
13.40

0.148
13.40

0.250
22.36

0.277
24.70

0.134
15.19

0.165
18.65

0.165
18.70

0.250
28.04

0.307
34.24

0.531
22.51

0.322
28.55

0.322
28.55

0.406
35.64

0.500
43.39

0.875
63.08
0.500
43.39

0.594
50.87

0.719
60.93

0.812
67.76

0.906
74.69

0.594
64.33

0.719
76.93

0.844
89.20

1.000
104.1

1.125
115.7

0.365
40.48

0.365
40.48

0.500
54.74

0.500
54.74
0.500
60.07

0.180
24.16

0.180
24.20

0.250
33.38

0.330
43.77

0.375
49.56

OA06
53.33

0.562
73.16

0.500
65.42

0.688
88.51

0.844
107.2

1.000
125.5

1.125
139.7

1.312
160.3

0.156
23.07

0.188
27.73

0.250
36.71

0.312
45.68

0.375
54.57

0.375
54.57

0.438
63.37

0.594
84.91

0.500
72.09

0.750
106.1

0.938
130.7

1.094
150.7

1.250
170.2

1.406
189.1

16.000

0.165
27.90

0.188
31.75

0.250
42.05

0.312
52.36

0.375
62.58

0.375
62.58

0.500
82.77

0.656
107.5

0.500
82.77

0.844
136.5

1.031
164.8

0.129
192.3

1.438
223.5

1.594
245.1

18

18.000

0.165
31.43

0.188
35.76

0.250
47.39

0.312
59.03

0.438
82.06

0.375
70.59

0.562
104.8

0.750
138.2

0.500
93.45

0.938
170.8

1.156
208.0

1.375
244.1

1.562
274.2

1.781
308.5

2.

20.000

0.188
39.78

0.218
46.05

0.250
52.73

0.375
78.60

0.500
104.1

0.375
78.60

0.594
122.9

0.812
166.4

0.500
104.1

1.031
208.9

1.281
256.1

1.500
296.4

1.750
341.1

1.969
379.0

2.

24.000

0.218
55.37

0.250
63.41

0.250
63.41

0.375
94.62

0.562
140.8

0.375
94.62

0.688
171.2

0.969
238.1

0.500
125.5

1.219
296.4

1.531
367.4

1.812
429.4

2.062
483.1

2.343
541.9

,.

UPPER FIGURES
Wall Thickness
in nches

0.875
72.42

0.500
48.72

0.375
45.55
0.165
22.18

0.674
27.54
0.710
32.53

0.500
38.05

0.342
33.90
0.134
15.19

0.438
19.01

0.355
17.61

0.301
23.57
0.109
9.914

0.636
22.85

OIMENSIONS ANO WEIGHTS OF

SEAMLESS ANO WELOEO STEEL PIPE

LOWER FIGURES
Weight per foot
in pounds

APPENDIX V
ACCEPTABLE AND UNACCEPTABLE WELD PROFILES

SIZE

L
SIZE
(A) OESIRABLE FILLET WELD PROFILES

aConvexity,

(B) ACCEPTABLE FILLET WELO PRO FILES

e, of a weld or individual surface bead with dimension W shatl not exceed the value of the following table:
WIDTH OF WELD FACE OR
INDIVIDUAL SURFACE BEAD. W

MAX. CONVEXITY, C

WSS/16 in
W > 5/16 in TO W < 1 in

1/16 in

1/8 in
3/16 in

W 21 in

~SIZE~

1--

UNOERSIZE
WELD

EXCESSIVE
CONVEXITY

EXCESSIVE
UNDERCUT

SIZE

OVERLAP

UNDERSIZE
WELD

INCOMPLETE
FUSION

(e) UNAeeEPTABLE FlllET WELD PROFILES

BUTT JOINTEOUAL THICKNESS PLATE

BUTT JOINT (TRANSITION)UNEOUAL THICKNESS PLATE

bReinforcement R shall not exceed 118 in.

(O) AeeEPTABLE GROOVE WELD PROFllE IN BUTT JOINT

EXCESSIVE WELD
REINFORCEMENT

UNDERFILL

EXCESSIVE
UNDERCUT

OVERLAP

(E) UNAeeEPTABlE GROOVE WELO PRO FilES IN BUTT JOINTS

APPENDIX VI
WELD PROFILE ACCEPTANCE DESCRIPTION

(1) The faces of fillet welds may be slightly eonvex, flat, or slight1y eoneave as shown in Appendix V (A) and (B),
with none of the unaeeeptable profiles shown in (C). Except at outside comer joints, the eonvexity, C, of a

weld or individual surfaee bead with dimension W shall not exeeed the values noted in the tble in Appendix V.
(2) Groove welds shall preferably be made with slight or minimum reinforcement except as may be otherwise
provided. In the case ofbutt and comer joints, the reinforcement shall not exceed 1/8 in [3.2 mm) in height and
shall have gradual transition to the plane of the base metal surface. See Appendix V. They shall be free of Ihe
discontinuities shown for butt joints in (E).
(3) Surfaces of groove welds required lO be flush shall be finished so as not lo reduce Ihe Ihickness of Ihe Ihinner
base melal or weld melal by more Ihan 1/32 in [0.8 mm] or 5% of Ihe Ihickness, whichever is smaller, nor leave
reinforcemenl Ihal exceeds 1/32 in [0.8 mm). However, all reinforcement musl be removed where Ihe weld
forms part of a faying or conlacl surface. Any reinforcemenl musl blend smoolhly inlo Ihe plate surfaces wilh
transilion areas free from weld undercu!. Chipping may be used provided il is followed by grinding. Where
surface finishing is required, ils roughness value shall nol exceed 250 fiin [6.3 fim). Surfaces finished lo values
of over 125 fiin [3.2 fim] through 250 fiin [6.3 f'ill) shall be finished so Ihal Ihe grinding marks are parallel 10
Ihe direction of primary stress. Surfaces finished lo values of 125 fiin [3.2 J.lm] or less may be finished in any
direction.
(4) Ends of groove welds required to be flush shall be finished so as nol lo reduce Ihe widlh beyond Ihe delailed
width or Ihe aclual widlh fumished, whichever is greater, by more than 1/8 in [3.2 mm] or so as nol lo leave
reinforcement al each end Ihal exeeeds 118 in [3.2 mm). Ends of welds in butt joinls shall be faired lo adjacent
plale or shape edges al a slope nol lo exceed 1 in JO.
(5) Welds shall be free from overlap.

APPENDIX VII
VISUAL WElD INSPECTION ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

Slag shall be removed [rom all completed welds. AII welds and lbe adjacent base metal shall be cleaned by brushing Of by any other suitable means prior to visual inspection. AII welds shall meet the following visual acceptance
criteria prior to any nondestructive or destructive testing. To be visually acceptable, a weld shall meet the followin'g
eriteria:
(l) The weld shall have no cracks.
(2) Thorough [usion shall exist between adjacent layers of weld metal and between weld metal and hase metal.
(3) AII craters shall be filled to the full cross section of the weld.
(4) Weld profiles shall be in accordance with Appendices V and VI.

(5) When the weld is transverse to the primary tensile stress in the part that is undercut, the undercut shall be no

more than O.l O in [0.25 mm] deep.

(6) When the weld is parallel to the primary tensile stress in the part that is undercut, the undercut shall be no

mOfe lban 1/32 in [0.80 mm] deep.

(7) The sum of the diameters of visible porosity shall not exceed 3/8 in [9.5 mm] in any linear inch of weld nor

shall the sum exceed 3/4 in [19.0 mm] in any 12 in [305 mm]length ofweld.
(8) Any single continuous fillet weld shall be permitted to underrun Ihe nominal fillel weld size specified by
1116 in [1.6 mm].

(9) Visual inspections of welds in all steels may hegin immediately after the compleled welds have cooled lo
ambienl lemperalure. Final visual inspection for ASTM A 514 and A 517 sleel welds shall be performed nol
less Ihan 48 hours after complelion of Ihe weld and removal of prehea!.
(lO) Are slrikes oulside the weld groove or area are prohibiled.

APPENDIX VIII
TEST RESULTS REQUIREO, GUIOEO BENOS

AII Guided Bend Tests. The convex surface of the bend test specimen shall be visually examined for surface dis
continuities. For acceptance, the surface shall meet the following criteria:
(1) No single discontinuity shall exceed 1/8 in [3.2 mm] measured in any direction.

(2) The sum of the greatest dimensions of all discontinuities exceeding 1/32 in [0.8 mm] bnt les s than or equal lo
1/8 in [3.2 mm] shall nol exceed 3/8 in [9.5 mm].
(3) Comer cracks shall not exceed 1/4 in [6.4 mm] unless the crack results from a visible slag inclusion or other
fusion type discontinuily, Ihen the 1/8 in [3.2 mm] maximum shall apply.
The specimens with comer cracks exceeding 1/4 in [6.4 mm] wilh no evidence of slag inclusions or other fusion
type discontinuities shall be disregarded, and a replacement test specimen from Ihe original weldment shall be
tested.

WELD METAL ANALYSIS

A-NUMBERS
Classilication 01 Ferrous Weld Metal Analysis lor Procedure Oualilication
Analysis, %a
A-No.

Types 01 Weld Deposit

Cr

Mo

Ni

Mn

Si

1.60

1.00

Mild Steel

0.15

Carbon-Molybdenum

0.15

0.50

0.40-0.65

1.60

1.00

Chrome (0.4% lo 2%)-Molybdenum

0.15

0.40-2.00

0.40-0.65

1.60

1.00

Chrome (2% lo 6%)-Molybdenum

0.15

2.00-<;.00

0.40-1.50

1.60

2.00

Chrome (6% lo 10.5%)-Molybdenum

0.15

6.00-10.50

0.40-1.50

1.20

2.00

Chrome-Martensitic

0.15

11.00-15.00

0.70

2.00

1.00

Chrome-Ferritic

0.15

11.00-30.00

1.00

1.00

3.00

Chromium-Nickel

0.15

14.50-30.00

4.00

7.50-15.00

2.50

1.00

Chromium-Nickel

0.30

25.00-30.00

4.00

15.00-37.00

2.50

1.00

10

Nickell04%

0.15

0.55

0.80-4.00

1.70

1.00

11

Manganese-Molybdenum

0.17

0.25--{).75

0.85

1.25-2.25

1.00

12

Nickel-Chrome-Molybdenum

0.15

0.25-0.80

1.25-2.80

0.75-2.25

1.00

1.50

aSingle values shown above are maximum.

10

APPENDIX X
ELECTRODE GROUPS
FNUMBERS
Grouping of Electrodes and Welding Rods for Qualification
F-No.

AWS Specification

AWS Classification

Sleel
1

A5.1

EXX20, EXX22,EXX24,EXX27,EXX28

A5.4

EXXX(X)-25, EXXX(X)-26

A5.5

EXX20-XX, EXX27-XX

A5.1

EXX12,EXX13, EXX14,EXX19

A5.5

E(X)XX13-XX

A5.1

EXX10, EXX11

A5.5

E(X)XX10-XX, E(X)XX11-XX

A5.1

EXX15, EXX16, EXX18, EXX18M, EXX46

A5.4 other than austenitic

and duplex

EXXX(X)-15, EXXX(X)-16, EXXX(X)-17

A5.5

E(X)XX15-XX, E(X)XX16-XX, E(X)XX18-XX, E(X)XX18M, E(X)XX18M1

AS.4 austenitic and duplex

EXXX(X)-15, EXXX(X)-16, EXXX(X)-17

A5.2

RX

A5.9

ERXXX(XXX), ECXXX(XXX), EQXXX(XXX)

A5.17

FXXX-EXX, FXXX-ECX

A5.18

ERXXS-X, EXXC-X, EXXC-XX

A5.20

EXXT-X, EXXT-XM

A5.22

EXXXTX-X, RXXXT1-5

A5.23

FXXX-EXXX-X, FXXX-ECXXX-X

A5.23

FXXX-EXXX-XN, FXXX-ECXXX-XN

A5.25

FESXX-EXXX, FESXX-EWXX

A5.26

EGXXS-X, EGXXT-X

A5.28

ERXXS-XXX, EXXC-XXX

A5.29

EXXTX-X

A5.30

INXXX
Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys

21

A5.3

E1100, E3003

21

A5.10

ER1100, R1100, ER1188,R1188

22

A5.10

ER5183, R5183, ER5356, R5356,ER5554,R5554,ER5556,R5556,ER 5654,R5654

23

A5.3

E4043

23

A5.10

ER4009,R4009,ER4010, R4011,R4010, ER4043,R4043,ER4047,R4 047,ER4145,

R4145,ER4643,R4643

24

A5.10

R206.0, R-C355.0, R-A356.0, R357.0, R-A357.0

25

A5.10

ER2319, R2319

JI

APPENDIX X (Continued)
ELECTRODE GROUPS
F-NUMBERS
Grouping 01 Eleclrodes and Welding Rods lor Qualilication
F-No.

AWS Classilication

AWS Specification

Copper and Copper Alloys

31

A5.6 and A5.7

RCu, ECu

32

A5.6

ECuSi and ERCuSi-A

33

A5.6 and A5.7

ECuSn-A, ECuSn-C, ERCuSn-A

34

A5.6, A5.7, and A5.30

ECuNi, ERCuNi, IN67

35

A5.8

RBCuZn-A, RBCuZn-B, RCuZn-C, RBCuZn-D

36

A5.6 and A5.7

ERCuAI-Al, ERCuAI-A2, ERCuAI-A3, ECuAI-A2, ECuAI-B

37

A5.6 and A5.7

RCuNiAI, ECuMnNiAI, ERCuNiAI, ERCuMnNiAI

41

A5.11, A5.14, and A5.30

ENi-l, ERNi-l, IN61

42

A5.11, A5.14, and A5.30

ENiCu-7, ERNiCu-7, ERNiCu-8, IN60

43

A5.11

ENiCrFe-l, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, and 10; ENiCrMo-2, 3, 6, and 12; ENiCrCoMo-l

43

A5.14

ERNiCr-3, 4, and 6; ERNiCrFe-5, 6, 7, 8, and 11; ERNiCrCoMo-l; ERNiCrMo-2 and 3

43

A5.30

IN6A, IN62, IN82

Nickel and Nickel Alloys

44

A5.11

ENiMo-l, 3, 7, 8, 9, and 10; ENiCrMo-4, 5, 7, 10, 13, and 14

44

A5.14

ERNiMo-l, 2, 3, 7 (B2), 8, 9, and 10; ERNiCrMo-4, 7 (alloy C4), 10, 13, 14; ERNiCrWMo-l

45

A5.11

ENiCrMo-l, 9, and 11

45

A5.14

ERNiCrMo-l, 8, 9, and 11; ERNiFeCr-l

Titanium and Titanium Alloys

51

A5.16

ERTi-l, ERTi-2, ERTi-3, ERTi-4

52

A5.16

ERTi-7

53

A5.16

ERTi-9, ERTi-9ELI

54

A5.16

ERTi-12

55

A5.16

ERTi-5, ERTi-5ELI, ERTi-6, ERTi-6ELI, ERTi-15

61

A5.24

ERZr2, ERZr3, ERZr4

Zirconium and Zirconium Alloys

Hardlacing Weld Melal Overlay

71

A5.13 and A5.21

RXXX-X, EXXX-X
Magnesium Alloys

91

A5.19

ER AZ61 A, ER AZ92A, ER EZ33A, ER AZ101A,

R AZ61A, R AZ92A, R AZ101A, R EZ33A

12

APPENDIX XI
WELDER QUALlFICATION TEST REQUIREMENTS

til\1

CA{,-; P.;CA ('A'"L

"'>.rIA rl .vil>!'..

\")~

1. TesIs on plale

Number of Specimens
Thickness of
Tesl Plale (T)
As Welded,
in

Visual
Inspeclion

Face

Rool

Groove

3/8

Yes

3/4 max. a

Groove

3/8<T<1

Yes

1/8-2P

Groove

1 or over

Yes

Unlimiteda

Fillel Oplion No. 1

1/2

Yes

Unlimiled

Fillel Oplion No. 2

3/8

Yes

Type olWeld

Bend TesIs
T.Joinl
Break

Side

Macroelch
Tesl

Plale
Thickness
Oualilied, in

Unlimited

'Also qualilies lar welding fillel welds on material 01 unlimited thickness.

2. Tests on pipe or tubing

C,f\~'M\rl.

Pipe or Tubing
Size, As Welded

Number 01 Specimens
Plate, Pipe, or Tube

5G and 6G
Posilions Only

AII Posilions Excepl

5G and 6G

Nominal
Visual
Thickness Inspection

Type 01
Weld

Diam

Sch.80

Groove

2in
or
3in

Sch.120

Groove

6in
or
8in

Yes

Bend

ROOI
Bend

Face

Side
Bend

Face
6end

Rool
Bend

Side
6end

Sch.40

Yes

Sch. 80

<lAlso qualifies tar welding fillet welds on material of unlimited thickness.

13

Pipe or
Tube Size
Oualilied,
in

Wall Thickness
Oualilied, in

Min.

Max. a

40r
smaller

1/8

3/4'

40r
largar

3/16

Unlimiteda

APPENDIX XI (Continued)
Welder

dafiWcll(i'o;("":'Type and Position Limitations

Type of Weld and Posftion of Welding Oualitied

Qualifieation Test

Plate

Pipe

Plate or Pipe
Weld
Plate-Groove

Plate-Filletb

Pipe-Groove

Pipe-Fillet

Positions

Groove

Fillet

Groove

Fillet

1G
2G
3G
4G
3G and 4G

F
F, H
F, H, V
F,OH

F, H
F, H
F, H, V
F, H,OH

F'
F, H'
F, H, V'

AII

AII

F, H
F, H
F, H
F
F, H

F
F, H
F, H, V
F, H,OH

F
F, H
F, H, V
F, H,OH

AII

AII

1F
2F
3F
4F
3F and 4F
1G
2G
5G
6G
2G and 5G
6GR

F
F, H
F,V, OH
Note e
Note e

F,H
F,H
F, V, OH
Note e
Note e

F
F,H
F, V, OH
Note e
Note e

F, H
F, H
F, V, OH
Note e
Note e

AII

AII

AII

AII

1F
2F
2F Rolled
4F
4F and 5F

F
F,H
F,H
F,H,OH

F
F,H
F,H
F, H, OH

AII

AII

'Welders qualified to weld tubulars over 24 in [600 mm1in diameter with baeking Or baekgouging, forthe test position indieated.
b Not applieable far fillet welds between parts having a dihedral angle (1jI) of 60" or less.
cQualified tar all except grOQve welds for T-, Y, and K-connections.

14

APPENDIX XII
2.05AVo

?A-t1/.l,

r lQM

FILLET PROCEDURE QUALlFICATION REQUIREMENTS

Test Specimens Required

Test

Specimen

Number of Welds

per Procedure

Macroetch

Singlepass, max.
size lo be used in
construction

1 in each position
to be used

3 faces

Multiple-pass, mino
size lo be used in

1 in each position
to be used

3 faces

Fillet Size

AII-WeldMetal
Tension

SideBend

Sizes Qualified

Plate
Thickness

Fillet Size

Unlimited

Max. tested

single-pass
and smaller

Plate T-test

construction

15

Unlimited

Min. tesled
multiple-pass
and larger

APPENDIX XIII
GROOVE PROCEDURE QUALlFICATION REQUIREMENTS
1. Tests on plate
Test Specimens Required

(T) Tesled, in

Number 01
Sample
Welds per
Position

NOra

Tension

Rool-Bend

Face~Bend

1/8:T <3/8

Ves

1/8 lo 2T

3/8

Ves

1/8 lo 3/4

3/8<T < 1

Ves

1/8 lo 2T

1 and over

Ves

Unlimiled

Plate Thickness

Reduced-

Nominal

Seeton

Plate Thickness

Side-Bend

Qualilied, T inb

mnimum of 6 in of effective weld length shall be tested by radiographic or ultrasonic testing prior to mechanical te5tin9.
bFor square groove welds, the maximum thickness qualified shall be limited lo thickness tested.

aA

Note: Al! welded test plates shall be visually inspected.

2. Tests on pipe or tubing

Test Specimens Required

Pipe Size 01 Sample Weld Numberol

Sample
Wall
Welds per
Position
Diam.
Thickness, T
2in

Sch.80

or
3in

Sch.40

6in
or
8in

Thickness
Qualified, in

Reduced-

Seetan
Tension

Root-

Face-

Nora

Bend

Bend

Ves

Ves

SideBend

Oiameter
Qualified, in

Min.

Max.

3/4 Ihrough 4

1/8

3/4

4 and over

3/16

Unlimiled

Test diam. and over

4
4

1/8
T/2
3/8

2T
2T
Unlimiled

Test diam. and over

24 and over
24 and over

1/8
T/2
3/8

2T
2T
Unlimiled

Sch.120

Sch.80

Job Size Pipe or Tubing

Diam.

Wall Thickness,
T

<24in

1/8 : T : 3/8 in
3/8 < T < 3/4 in
T ~ 3/4 in

1
1
1

Ves
Ves
Ves

2
2
2

1/8 <; T <; 3/8 in

3/8 < T < 3/4 in
T;, 3/4 in

1
1
1

Ves
Ves
Ves

2
2
2

24 in

4
4

aFor pipe or tUbing, the fuI! circumference of the completed weld shall be tested by RT or UT prior to mechanical testing.
Note: AII welded test pipes shall be visually inspected.

16

APPENDIX XIV
PREQUALIFIED BASE METAL-FILLER METAL COMBINATIONS FOR MATCHING STRENGTH
Steel Specification Requirements

G
r
o
u

Minimum Yield
PointJStrength

Steel Specificationa,b

36d

ASTM A
ASTM A 53
ASTM A 106
ASTM A 131
ASTM A 139
ASTM A 381
ASTM A 500
ASTM A 501
ASTM A 516
-.J

ASTM A 524
1

Filler Metal Requirements

ASTM A 529
ASTM A 570

A5.5

Grade B
Grades A. B,

es, D, os, E

Grade B

Grade Y35

Grade A
Grade B
Grade 55
Grade 60
Grade 1
Grade n
Grade 30

Grade 33
Grade 36
Grade 40
Grade 45

ASTM A 573

Grade 65
Grade 58

API5LX

Grade 36d
Grade B

ABS

Grade X42
Grades A, B, D, CS, DS

ASTM A 709

Tensile

AWS

Range

ksi

MPa

ksi

MPa

Process

36
35
35
34
35
35
33
42
36
30
32
35
30
42
30
33
36
40
45

250
240
240
235
241
240
228
290
250
205
220
240
205
290
205
230
250
275
310

58-80
60 mino
60 mino
58-71

400-550
415 mino
415 mino

SMAW

35
32
36
35
42

240
220
250
240
290

65-77
58-71
58-80
60
60
58-71
58-71

Grade P

400-490
60 mino 414 mino
60 mino 415 mino
45 mino 310 mino
58 mino 400 mino
58 min, 400 mino
55-75 380-515
60-80 415-550
60-85 415-586
55-80 380-550
60-85 415-585
49 mino 340 mino
52 mino 360 mino
53 mino 365 mino
55 mino 380 mino
60 mino 415 mino
450-530
400-490
400-550
415
415
400-490
400-490

Note: ASTM A 570 Grade 50 has been deleted frOl11 Group I and added to Group 11

(Continued)

Electrode
Specitication C

Electrode Classificationg

A5.1

E60XX. E70XX

A5.5 r

E70XX-X

A5.17

F6XX-EXXX, F6XX-ECXXX,
F7XX-EXXX, F7XX-ECXXX

A5.23 r

F7XX-EXXX-XX.
F7XX-ECXXX-XX

A5.18

ER70S-X, E70C-XC,
E70C-XM (Electrodes with the

SAW

GMAW

~GS

FCAW

suffix are excluded)

A5.28 r

ER70S-XXX, E70C-XXX

A5.20

E6XT-X, E6XT-XM,
E7XT-X, E7XT-XM
(Electrodes with the ~2.
-2M, -3, -10, -13, -14X,

and -GS suflix are

excJuded)
A5.29 r

E6XTX-X, E6XT-XM,
E7XTX-X, E7XTX-XM

APPENDIX XIV (Continued)

Steel Specification Requirements

G
r
o
u
p

Steel Specification a,1.l

ASTMAI31
ASTM A 441
ASTM A 516
ASTM A 537
ASTM A 570

Grades AH32, DH32, EH32

(ir.des AH36. DH36. EH36

Grade 65
Grade 70
Class I
Grade 50
Grade 55

ASTM
ASTM
ASTM
ASTM

A 572
A 572
A 588'
A 595

ASTM A 606'
ASTM A 607

Grade 42
Grade 50
(4 in [100 mm] and under)
Grade A
Grades B aud e
Grade 45
Grade 50

00

Grade 55

11

Filler Metal Requirements

Minimum Yield
Point/Strength

ASTM A618
ASTM A633

ASTM A 709
ASTM A 710
ASTMA 808
ASTM A 91J
ASTM A 992
API2H
API2W

API 2Y

API5LX
ABS

Grades lb, 11, 1ll

Grade A
Grades e, D
(21/2 in [65 mm] and under)
Grade 50
Grade 50W
Grade A, elass 2 > 2 in [50 mm]
(2-112 in [65 mm] and lInder)

Grade 50
Grade 42
Grade 50

Grade 42
Grade 50
Grade 50T
Grade 42
Grade 50
Grade 50T
Grade X52
Grades AHJ2, DH32, EH32
Grades AH36, DH36, EH36'

Tensile
Range

AWS

Electrode

ksi

MPa

ksi

MPa

Process

46
51
40-50
35
38
45-50
50
55
42
50
50
55
60
45-50
45
50
55
46-50
42
50

315
350
275-345
240
260
310-345
345
380
290
345
345
380
415
310-340
310
345
380
315-345
290
345

68-85
71-90
60-70
65-85
70-90
65-90
65
70

470-585
490-620
415-485
450-585
485-620
450-620
450
480

SMAW

60
65
70
65
70

mino
mino
mino
mino
mino

415
450
485
450
480

mino
mino
mino
mino
mino

SAW

(iMAW

Specification C

A5.1

E7015,E7016,E7018,E7028

A5.5 r

E7015-X. E7016-X, E7018-X

A5.17

F7XX-EXXX. F7XX-ECXXX

A5.23'

F7XX-EXXX-XX.
F7XX-ECXXX-XX

A5.18

ER70S-X. E70C-XC.
E70C-XM (Electrodes with

65 mino 450 mino

60min.410mio.

the -GS suffix are excluded)

65 mino 450 mino

70 mino 480 mino
65 mino 450 mino
63-83
70-90

430-570
485-620

Electrode Classification g

A5.28'

FCAW

A5.20

ER70S-X\(X, E70C-XXX

E7XT-X, E7XT-XM

(Electrodes with thc -2.

50
50
55
42
50
50-65
42
50
42-67
50-75
50-80
42-{;7
50-75
50-80
52
45.5
51

345
345
380
290
345
345-450
290
345

65 mino
70 mino
65 mino
60 mino
65 min,

450 mino
485 mino
450 min,
415 min,
450 min,

345-517
345-552
290-462
345-517
345-552

65 mino 448 min,

70 mino 483 min,
62 min, 427 mino
65min, 448111in,
70 mino 483 mino

450
430-550
70 min, 485 min,
290-462 62 mino 427 mino

360
315
350

65
62-80

66-72
71-90
71-90

455-495
490-620
490-620

(Continued)

-2M, -3, -!O, -IJ, -14,

and -GS suffix are

excluded)
A5.29 f

E7XTX-X, E7XTX-XM

APPENDIX XIV (Continued)

Steel Specification Requirements

G
r
o

Mnimum Yield
PoinUStrength

u
p

Steel Specificationa.b
API2W
API2Y
ASTMA 572

111

Filler Metal Requirements

ASTM A 537
ASTM A 633
ASTM A 710
ASTM A 710
ASTM A 913"

Grade 60
Grade 60
Grade 60
Grade 65
CJass 2e

Grade Ee
Grade A, elass 2 $ 2 in [50 mm]
Grade A, elas, 3> 2 in [50 mm]
Grade 60

Grade 65

Tensile

AWS
Electrode

Range

ksi

MPa

ksi

MPa

Proccss

Specification~

60-90
60-90
60
65
46-60
55-60
60-65
60-65
60
65

414--621
414-621
415
450
315-415
380-415
415-450
415-450
415
450

75 mino
75 mino
75 mino
80 mino
SO-IOO
75-100
72 mino
70 mino
75 mino
80 mino

517 mino
517min.
515 mino
550 mino
550-690
515-690
495 mino
485 mino
520 mino
550 mino

SMAW

A5.5 r

E8015-X. ESOI6-X, ESOI8-X

SAW

A5.23 r

F8XX-EXXX-XX,
FSXX-EeXXX-Xx

GMAW

A5.2St'

ERSOS-XXX.
ESOe-XXx

FCAW

A5.29t'

ESXTX-X.
ESXTX-XM

SMAW

A5.5t'

E9015-X. E9016-X.
E9018-X. E901S-M

SAW

A5.23 r

F9XX-EXXX-XX,
F9XX-EeXXX-Xx

GMAW

A5.2St'

ER90S-XXX, E90C-XXX

FeAW

A5.29t'

E9XTl'-X, E9XTX-XM

'"
IV

ASTM A 709
ASTM A S52

Grade 70W

70
70

485
485

90-110 620-760
90-110 620-760

Electrode Classification S

u In Jomts mvolvlng base metals of dlfferent groups, elther ofthe followmg filler metals may be used, (1) that WhlCh matches the hlgher strength base metal, or (2) that WhlCh matches the lower strength base
metal and produces a low-hydrogen deposlt Preheatmg shall be in conformam:e wlth the reqUlrements apphcable to the hlgher strength group
Match API standard 28 (fabncated tubes) accordmg lo 5teel used
e When welds are to be stress-relteved, the deposited weld metal shall no! exceed O05% vonadiulll,
d Only low-hydrogen eleclrodes shall be used when weld\ng ASTM A 36 or ASTM A 709 Grade 36 sleel more than l In [25 mm] th\ck for cycl\cally loaded structures
eSpecial weldmg matenuls and WPS {e g" E80XX-X low-alloy electrodesl may be reqUlred lo match the notch toughness of base melal (for apphcatlOns mvolvmg IInpact loadmg or low temperature), or
for atmosphenc corroslOn and weathering charactenstlCs (see 3.7 3)
f Filler metals of alloy group B3, B3L, \34, 84L, 85, 85L. 86, 86L, 87. B7L, 88, B8L, 89, or uny 8XH grade In AWS AS 5, AS 23, AS 28, or AS 29 are nol prequallfied for use In Ihe as-welded condIon
s AWS A5M (SI Unils) eleclrodes oflhe same c1asSIlcallon may be used In heu oflhe AWS A5 (U S Cuslomary lJllIts) eleclrode claSSlficatlOn
h The heal input IimilallOns of 5,7 shall no! apply lo ASTM A 913 Grade 60 or 65

APPENDIX XV
MINIMUM PREHEAT ANO INTERPASS TEMPERATUREc,d

Thickness ofThickest Part

at Paint ofWelding

a
I

e
g
o
r
y
ASTM A 36
ASTM A 53
ASTM A 106
ASTMA 131
A

ASTM A 139
ASTM A 381
ASTM A 500
ASTM A 501
ASTM A 36b
ASTMA 53
ASTMA 106
ASTMA 131

N
O

Grade B
Grade B
Grades A, B,

es, D, DS, E
Grade B
Grade Y35
Grade A
Grade B

Grade B
Grade B
Grades A, B,

es, D, DS, E
AH 32& 36
DH 32 & 36
EH32&36
B

Welding Process

Steel Specification
b

ASTM A 139
ASTM A 242
ASTM A 381
ASTM A 441
ASTMA 500
ASTM A 501
ASTM A 516

Grade B
Grade Y35

ASTM
ASTM
ASTM
ASTM
ASTM
ASTM
ASTM
ASTM
ASTM

Grades 55, 60,

Grades 1 &

A 570
A 572
A 573
A 588
A 595
A 606
A 607
A 618
A 633

ASTM A 709
API5L
API5LX
API Spec. 2H
ABS

Grade A
Grade B

65, & 70
ASTM A 524
ASTM A 529
ASTM A 537

ASTM A 516
ASTM A 524
ASTM A 529
ASTM A 570
ASTM A 573
ASTM A 709
AI'I 5L
API5LX
ABS

Classes 1 & 2

ABS

Grades 55 & 60
Grades I & IJ

Shielded metal are

welding with other
than low-hydrogen
electrodes

AH grades
Grade 65

Grade 36 2
Grade B
Grade X42
Grades A, B, D,

mm

in

Minimum Preheat and

Interpass Temperature

oC

F
Nanea

Up t 3/4 ncl.

Up to 19 inel.

Over 3/4

Over 19

thru 1-1/2 incl.

thru 38 nel.

150

66

Over 11/2

thru 21/2 nel.

Over 38
thru 64 ncl.

225

107

Over 2 1/2

Over 64

300

150

Up lo 3/4 inc!.

Up to 19 ncl.

Over 3/4

Over 19
thru 38 inci.

es, DS

Grade E
All grades
Grades 42, 50
Grade 65

Grades A, B,

Grades 45, 50, 55

Grades A, B
Grades e, D
Grades 36, SO, 50W
Grade B
Grade X42

Nanea

Shielded metal are

welding with lowhydrogen e [eetrades.

submerged are
welding,b gas metal
are welding, flux
cored are welding

thru 1~ 112 inc!.

Over 11/2

thru

Grades AH 32 & 36
DH 32 & 36
EH 32 & 36

2~ 1/2

inc!.

50

JO

Over 38
thru 64 inc\. ,

150

66

Over 64

225

107

Grades A, B, D,

es, DS

Over 21/2

Grade E

(Continued)

APPENDIX XV (Continued)
Thickness of Thickest Part
at Point of Welding

C
a
t

Minimum Preheat and

Interpass Temperature

e
g

r
y

SteeJ Specification

ASTM A 572
ASTMA 633
API5LX

Grades 60, 65
Grade E
Grade X52

Welding Process

Shielded metal are welding with low hydrogen

electrodes, submerged are welding. gas metal are
welding, or flux cored are welding

ASTM A 514
ASTM A 517
ASTMA 709

Grades 100 & 100W

Shielded metal are welding . ."ith low hydrogen

electrodes, submerged are welding with carbon or
alloy steel wire. neutral flux. gas metal are welding.
flux cored are welding

in

mm

Up to 3/4 incl.

Upto 19incl.

Over 3/4
thru )1/2 incl.
Over 1112
thru 2-1/2 nel.

'F

'C

50

10

Over 19
thru 38 incl.

150

66

Over 38
thru 64 incl.

225

107

300

150

50

10

Over 2112

Over 64

Up to 3/4 inel.

Upto 19 inc!.

Over 3/4

Over 19

thm 1-1/2 nc!.

thru 38 ne!.

125

50

Over J.I/2
thm 2-112 ne!.

Over 3
thru 64 incl.

175

80

107
Over 21/2
Over 64
225
When the base metal temperature IS below 3rF [O"C], the base metal shall be preheated to at least 70"F [20"C] and thls mmm1Um temperature mamtamed dunng weldmg.
b Only low hydrogen electrodes shall be used when welding A 36 or A 709 Grade 36 steel more than I in [25 mm] thlck for bndges
e Weldmg shall not be done when the ambient temperature IS lower than O"F [-18C] A temperature ofOF [-18"C] does not mean the amblent environmental temperature but the temperature in the immediate
vicimty ofthe weld. The ambient environmental temperature may be below OF [-IS"C], but a heated structure or shelter around the area belng welded could maintam the temperature adJacent to the weld~
l1lent at O"F [-18C] or hlgher.
When the base metalls below the temperature listed for the welding process bemg used and the thlckness ofmaterial bemg welded, I! shall be preheated (except as otherwlse provlded) m such manner that
the surfaces of!he parts on which weld metalls bemg deposited are at or aboye the speclfied mmlmum temperature for a dlstance equal lo the thickness ofthe par! being welded. but nol less lhan 3 m
[76 mm] In aJ1 dlrectlOns from the pom! ofweldmg
Preheat and interpass temperatures must be sufficlent to prevent crack formatlOn. Temperature aboye the mmimum shown may be required for hlghly restrained welds For ASTM A 514, A 517, and A 709
Gmdes 100 and IOOW sleel, the maximum preheat and interpass temperature shall not exceed 400F [205C] for thlckness up to 1-1/2 In [38 mm] inclusive, and 450F [230C] f{lf greater tllickness Heat
input when weldmg ASTM A 514, A 517, and A 709 Grades 100 and IOOW steel shall not exceed the stee] producer's recommendatlOns. ASTM A 514 and A 517 matenals are not recoml11ended to be
post weld heat treated,
d In Jomts involvmg combmatlOns ofbase metal:>. preheat shall be as specified for the hlgher strcngth steel bemg welded

APPENDIX XVI
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING

1. Welding Procedure Qualification

1.1 After meeting visual inspeetion aeeeptance eriteria and before preparing meehanieal test speeimens, the proeedure qualifieation test speeimens, the qualifieation test plate. pipe, or tubing shall be nondestruetively tested for
soundness.
1.2 Either radiographie or ultrasonie testing shall be used. The entire length of the weld in the test plates, exeept
the diseard lengths at eaeh end, shall be examined.
1.3 For acceptable qualifieation, the weld, as revealed by radiographie or ultrasonie testing, shall eonform to the
requirements of paragraph 3.

2. Welder Performance Qualification

2.1 Except for joints welded by GMAW-S, radiographic examination of a welder or welding operator qualifieation
test plate or test pipe may be made in lieu of guided bend tests.
2.1.1 If RT is used in Jieu of the preseribed bend tests, the weld reinforeement need not be ground or otherwise smoothed for inspeetion unless its surfaee irregularities or juneture with the base metal would
cause objeetionable weld diseontinuities to he obseured in the radiograph. If the baeking is removed for
radiography, the root shall be ground flush with the base metal.
2.1.2 For welder qualifieation, exclude 1-1/4 in [32 mm) at eaeh end of the weld from evaluation in the plate
test; for welding operator qualifieation exelude 3 in [75 mm) at eaeh end of the test plate length. Welded
test pipe or tuhing 4 in [100 mm) in diameter or largor shall be examined for a minimum of one-half of
the weld perimeter seleeted to inelude a sample of all positions welded.
2.1.3 For acceptable qualification, the weld, as revealed by the radiograph, shall conform to the requirements
of 3.1.

3. Radiographic Inspection
Discontinuities other than cracks shall be evaluated on the hasis of being either elongated or rounded. Regardless of the type of diseontinuity, an elongated discontinuity is one in whieh its length exeeeds three times its
width. A rounded diseontinuity is one in whieh its length is three times its width or les s and may be round or
irregular and may have tails.
3.1 Acceptance Criteria for Cyclically Loaded Nontubular Connections. Welds that are subject to radiographic
testing in addition to visual inspection shall have no cracks and shall be unacceptable if Ihe radiographie lesting
shows any of the Iypes of diseontinuities lisled in 3.1.1 and 3.1.2.

22

APPENDIX XVI (Continued)

3.1.1 For welds subjecled lo lensile slress under any condilion of loading, Ibe grealesl dimension of any
porasily or fusion-Iype disconlinuily Ihal is 1116 in [2 mm] or larger in grealesl dimension shall nol
exceed Ihe size B indicaled in Figure 6.4 for Ihe weld size involved. The dislance fram any porosily or
fusion-Iype disconlinuily described aboye lo anolher such disconlinuily, lo an edge, or lo Ihe loe or rool
of any inlersecling flange-Io-web weJd sball be nolless Ihan Ibe minimum cJearance allowed, e, indicaled in Figure 6.4 (see page 3-49), for Ihe size of disconlinuily under examination.
3.1.2 Independent of Ibe requiremenls of 3.1.1, discontinuities baving a grealesl dimension of less Iban
1/16 in [2 mm] shall be unacceplable if Ibe sum of Ibeir grealesl dimensions exceeds 3/8 in [lO mm] in
any linear incb [25.4 mm] of weld.

23

APPENDIX XVI (Continued)

HOLE-TYPE IMAGE OUALlTY INDICATOR (101) REOUIREMENTS
Nominal
Material Thicknessa
Range, in

Nominal
Material Thicknessa
Range, mm

Film Sideb

Source Side
Designation

Essential Hale

Designation

Essential Hale

10

4T

4T

12

4T

10

4T

15

4T

12

4T

Over 12 Ihrough 16

15

4T

12

4T

Over 0.625 lo 0.75

Over 16 Ihrough 20

17

4T

15

4T

Over 0.75 to 0.875

Over 20 Ihrough 22

20

4T

17

4T

Over 0.875 lo 1.00

Over 22 through 25

20

4T

17

4T

Over 1.00 lo 1.25

Over 25 through 32

25

4T

20

4T

Over 1.25 lo 1.50

Over 32 Ihrough 38

30

2T

25

2T

Over 1.50 lo 2.00

Over 38 Ihrough 50

35

2T

30

2T

Over 2.00 lo 2.50

Over 50 Ihrough 65

40

2T

35

2T

Over 2.50 to 3.00

Over 65 Ihrough 75

45

2T

40

2T

Over 3.00 lo 4.00

Over 75 Ihrough 100

50

2T

45

2T

Over 4.00 lo 6.00

Over 100 Ihrough 150

60

2T

50

2T

Over 6.00 to 8.00

Over 150 Ihrough 200

80

2T

60

2T

Up to 0.25 inel.

Up to 6 inel.

Over 0.25 to 0.375

Over 6 through 10

Over 0.375 lo 0.50

Over 10 Ihrough 12

Over 0.50 lo 0.625

'Single-wall radiographie thiekness (for lubulars).

b Applieable lo tubular slruelures only.

WIRE IMAGE OUALlTY INDICATOR (101) REOUIREMENTS

Nominal

Material Thcknessa
Ranga, in

Nominal
Material Thickness a
Ranga, mm

Film Sideb

Source Side

Maximurn Wire Diameter

Maximum Wire Diameter

in

mm

in

mm

Up lo 0.25 inel.

Up lO 6 inel.

0.D10

0.25

0.008

0.20

Over 0.25 lo 0.375

Over 6 lo 10

0.013

0.33

0.010

0.25

Over 0.375 to 0.625

Over 10 lo 16

0.016

0.41

0.013

0.33

Over 0.625 lo 0.75

Over 16 lo 20

0.020

0.51

0.016

0.41

Over 0.75 lo 1.50

Over20 to 38

0.025

0.63

0.020

0.51

Over 1.50 lo 2.00

Over38 lo 50

0.032

0.81

0.025

0.63

Over 2.00 lo 2.50

Over 50 lo 65

0.040

1.02

0.032

0.81

Over 2.50 lO 4.00

Over 65 lo 100

0.050

1.27

0.040

1.02

Over 4.00 lo 6.00

Over 100 lo 150

0.063

1.60

0.050

1.27

Over 6.00 lo 8.00

Over 150 lo 200

0.100

2.54

0.063

1.60

'Single-wall radiographie Ihiekness (for lubulars).

b Applicable to tubular structures only.

24

APPENDIX XVI (Continued)

1-112
OR GREATER
1-1/4

."ui
N

3/4

-'
w

1/2

1/4

O
1-1/2

1/2

2-1/2

3-112

4-1/2

CININCHES

38
12 MAX.
ORGREATER .---------------------------------------------------------~~~

32
E
E

25

ui
N

O
w

-'

20

I
W

12

12

25

40

50

65

75

90

100

____

______

____

_ _ _ _ _ L_ _ _ _ _ _

_____ L_ _ _ _

______

____

115

C IN MILLlMETERS
Notes:
1. To determine the maximum size of discontinuity allowed in any joint or weld size, project E horizontalJy lo B.

2. To determine the mnimum clearance allowed between edges of discontinuities 01 any sze, projecl B vertically to C.
3. Sea Legend below far definitions.

Figure 6.4--Weld Quality Requirements Cor Discontinuities Occurring in CycIicaIly Loaded

Nontubular Tension Welds (Limitations oC Porosity and Fusion Discontinuities)

25

APPENDIX XVI (Continued)

legend
Dimensions of Oiscontinuities

Definitions of Discontinuities
An elongated discontinuity shall have the largest
dimension (L) exceed 3 times the smallest dimensiono

B ,= Maximum allowed dimension of a radiographed discontinuity.

L

= Largest dimension of a radiographed discontinuity_

A rounded discontinuity shall have the largest dime n-

L' = Largest dimension of adjacent discontinuities.

e = Minimum clearance measured along the longitudinal

sion (l) less than or equal to 3 times the smallest

dimensiono

axis of the weld between edges of porosity or fusiontype disconlinuities (largar of adjacent discontinuities
governs), or lo an edge or an end of an intersecting

A cluster shall be defined as a group of nonaligned,

acceptably-sized, individual adjacent discontinuities

with spacing less than the minimum allowed (e) lor the
largest individual adjacent discontinuity (l'), but with
the sum 01 the greatest dimensions (l) 01 all discon-

weld.
e , = Minimum allowed distance between the nearest discontinuity to the Iree edge 01 a plate or tubular, or the

tinuities in the cluster equal to or less than the

maximum allowable individual discontinuity size (B).
Such clusters shall be considered as individual discontinuities of size L 10r the purpose 01 assessing
minimum spacing.

intersection of a longitudinal weld with a girth weld,

measured parallal lo the longitudinal weld axis.
W ::;: Smallest dimension 01 either 01 adjacent discontinuities.
Material Dimensions

E = Weld size.
T - Plate or pipe thickness lor eJP groove welds.

Aligned discontinuities shall have the major axes 01

each discontinuity approximately aligned.

26

APPENDIX XVII
FACE ANO ROOT BENO SPECIMENS
318

l-E: "; ;-;

ini

6 in MIN.

318

--1

I-FACE
SEND

(1) LONGITUDINAL BEND SPECIMEN

~.

in MIN-'------II

c - - - - - - - St8

in
MATERIAL TO SE REMOVED
FOR CLEANUP
FACE SEND SPECIMEN

318

-l

I-ROOT

in

BENO

TEST PLATE OVER

3/8 in THICK

318 in TEST PLATE

f-I----

r
f-TI
UJ

in

~j

-;:;'-;0~,-:;~-~-~~"'::1 ~

;-x-',;-';'-:;-;;-";-;-;;'

""m

(PLATE)

(PIPE)

6 in MIN.a------I1

MATERIAL TO BE REMOVED

L!~ C'::'A~ _

--.L

~[I:::::N:o:te::c:~:I'~:,~~J::::::::::~I:==~_T~
318 in] t

(PLATE)

(PIPE)

ROOT SEND SPECIMEN

(2) TRANSVERSE BENO SPECIMEN

Dimensions
Test Specimen Width, W
Test Wetdment

In

1-1/2

Plate

Test pipe or tube

:s: 4 inches in diameter

::>

1-1/2

Test pipe or tu be
4 inches in diameter

a A longer specimen lenglh may be necessary when using a wraparound type bending fixture or when lesting sleel wilh a yield strength of 90 ksi
[620 MPa] or more.
bThese edges may be thermal-cut and may or may not be machined.
e The weld reinforcemenl and backing, if any, shall be removed flush with the surface 01 the specimen. lf a recessed backing is used, this surface
may be machined lo a deplh nol exceeding the depth of Ihe recess lo remove the backing; in such a case, the thickness of the finished specimen
shall be that specified above. Cut surfaces shall be smooth and parallel.
Notes:

1, T = plate or pipe Ihickness,

2. When the thickness 01 Ihe test plate is less Ihan 3/8 in [10 mm], the nominal Ihickness shall be used for face and rool bends.

27

Book 01 Specilications Cover Revised December 2008