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SugarTriviaInterestingFactsAboutthisIngredient

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GENERAL FOOD

SUGAR TRIVIA
INTERESTING FACTS
ABOUT THIS
INGREDIENT

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Everyone loves the sweetness of sugar. Few people


know exactly how we get sugar. Diet gurus are talking

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about reducing or eliminating sugar from our diets.

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Given our sweet tooth of sugar, is that possible?

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Sugar, which we now consider a staple, was once so

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rare and expensive it was called white gold. Sugar

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cane, the rst source of sugar, is a perennial grass,


which originated in Asia. It is now grown in tropical

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and subtropical areas. Before people used the many

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types of renes and raw sugar, honey and fruit were

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the only sweeteners. During the Napoleonic war, the


supply of cane sugar from the tropics was cut o. An
alternate source of sweetener, that produced the
same eect of sugar cane was discovered in beets.
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The sugar derived from both sugar cane and sugar


beets is 99.8% pure sucrose, a complex sugar

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composed of glucose and fructose.


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people Relationships
think of sugar onlyFamily
as a sweetener.
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However, when sugar is used in baking, sugar

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becomes more complex because it also adds volume,

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tenderness, texture, color, and acts as a preservative.

The Pain of

When a recipe calls for creaming together butter,


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margarine, or any fat with the sugar, it is not only a

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way of mixing these two ingredients together. The

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reason for this step is to get air into the batter. Mixing

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causes the sugar granules to rub against the fat


producing air bubbles in the fat. When the our is

and Teens

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added, the leavening gases enlarge these air bubbles

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and cause the batter to rise when baked.

strengths:
personal

History

strengths mostly...

The process of making sugar by evaporating juice

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from sugar cane developed in India around 500 BC.

Worm. So this is

By 200 BC, China had begun to grow it too.


Westerners learned of sugarcane in the course of
military expeditions into India. Nearchos, one of
Alexander the Greats commanders, described sugar

really useful.
Well said :-)! At
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last, HONESTY!

as a reed that gives honey without bees.

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comment

At rst, people chewed the raw cane to extract its

Amy...well done

sweetness. Sugar rening developed in South Asia,

you...i have got a

the Middle East, and China, where sugar became a

little...

staple of cooking. The rst methods for rening were

Just give us a

grinding or pounding the cane to extract the juice,

break...and no,

and then boiling the juice or drying it in the sun to

my child doesnt

yield the gravely sugary solids. The use of sugar

sleep with...

spread to other areas of the world along the trade


routes.

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Sugar remained unusual and very expensive in

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Europe until the Arabs started cultivating it in Sicily

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and Spain. The Spanish began cultivating sugarcane in


the West Indies in 1506. Cane sugar comes from

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countries with warm climates, such as Brazil, Pakistan,

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India, China, and Australia.

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In 1747, a German chemist identied sucrose in

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beetroot. This discovery remained a mere curiosity for


some time until one of his students built a sugar beet-

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processing factory. Later, Napoleon Bonaparte, cut o

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from Caribbean imports of sugar cane by the British,

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banned sugar imports in 1813. The beet-sugar


industry that emerged grew, and today, sugar beet
provides approximately 30% of world sugar
production.
Beet-sugar comes from regions with cooler climates:

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northwest and eastern Europe, northern Japan, and

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some areas in the United States. In the northern

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hemisphere, the beet-growing season ends with the


start of harvesting around September. Harvest and

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processing continues until March in some places. The

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availability of processing-plant capacity and the

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weather both inuence the duration of harvesting


and processing.

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Sources of Sugar
Sugar Cane Cane-sugar producers crush the
harvested vegetable material, then collect and
lter the juice. They then treat the liquid to

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remove impurities and then neutralize it with

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sulfur dioxide. Boiling the juice then allows the

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sediment to settle to the bottom for dredging out,


while the scum rises to the surface for skimming

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o. When it cools, the liquid crystallizes, producing

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sugar crystals.

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Sugar beets Beet-sugar producers slice the

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washed beets, and then extract the sugar with hot


water in a diuser. An alkaline solution then helps

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to precipitate impurities. After ltration,

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evaporation concentrates the juice to a content of

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about 70% solids, and controlled crystallization


extracts the sugar. A centrifuge removes the sugar
crystals from the liquid. Sieving the white sugar

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produces dierent grades for selling.


Cane versus beet
Little dierence exists between sugar produced from
beet and that from cane. The production of sugar

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results in residues that dier depending on the raw


materials used and the place of production.

Culinary sugars
Raw sugars range from yellow to brown sugars. They
are made from claried cane-juice boiled down to a
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crystalline solid. Raw sugars result from the


processing of sugar-beet juice, only as intermediates
to white sugar. Types of raw sugar available as a
specialty item include demerara, muscovado, and
turbinado. Mauritius and Malawi export large
quantities of specialty sugars. Manufacturers
sometimes prepare raw sugar as loaves rather than
as a crystalline powder, by pouring sugar and
molasses together into molds and allowing the
mixture to dry. This results in sugar-cakes or loaves.
White rened sugar has become the most common
form of sugar in North America and in Europe Finer
grades result from selectively sieving the granulated
sugar
Powdered sugar 10X sugar, confectioners sugar
(0.060 mm), or icing sugar (0.024 mm) is produced by
grinding sugar to a ne powder. A small amount of
anti-caking agent or cornstarch may be added to
prevent clumping and caking of the ne sugar.
Sugar-cubes are produced by mixing sugar crystals
with sugar syrup.
Brown sugars come from the late stages of sugar
rening. The sugar forms ne crystals with large
amounts of molasses content, or from coating white
rened sugar with cane molasses syrup. The color
and taste are enhanced with increasing molassescontent along with their moisture-retaining
properties. Brown sugars tend to harden when
exposed to the air.
How to store: All granulated sugar can be kept for
long periods, if tightly sealed and kept in a cool, dry
place.

Substitutions in recipes:
1-cup corn syrup or 1-cup honey plus decrease liquid
called for in recipe by 1/4 cup = 1 cup granulated
sugar
1 cup of rmly packed brown sugar = 1 cup
granulated sugar;
Caster sugar, which is superne sugar 1 cup = 1 cup
granulated

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