Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
3D PRINTING
Prepared by : Chintan C Diver
Roll No.
:10
Class
Semester
: 8th Semester
Year
: 2005-2006
Guided by
: Mrs.Ketki Joshi
Department
of
Electronics & Communication Engineering.
Sarvajanik College of Engineering & Technology
Dr R.K. Desai Road,
Athwalines, Surat - 395001,
India.
Sarvajanik College of
Engineering & Technology
Dr R.K. Desai Road,
Athwalines, Surat - 395001,
India.
Department
of
Electronics & Communication Engineering.
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Seminar report entitled 3D PRINTING
is prepared & presented by Mr.Chintan C Diver Class Roll No. 10
of final year (B.E.IV) Electronics & Communication Engineering
during year 2005-2006. His work is satisfactory.
Signature of Guide
Head of Department
Electronics Engineering
LIST OF FIGURES
NAME OF FIG.
FIG
NO
PAGE
NO
1.1
Basic View
03
1.2
Evolution Of 3D Printer
04
1.3
05
2.1
07
2.2
08
2.3
09
2.4
10
2.5
12
2.6
12
4.1
3D Printer
17
4.2
CAD Design
18
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks and deep sense of gratitude to my
guide Mrs . Ketki Joshi for imparting me valuable guidance during the preparation of
this seminar. She helped me by solving many doubts and suggesting many references. I
am also thankful to Prof. Mehul Rawal Department incharge (DIC) of Electronics &
Communication Department of Sarvajanik College Of Engineering And Technology,
Surat.
I would also like to offer my gratitude towards faculty members of Electronics &
Communication Department, who helped me by giving valuable suggestions and
encouragement which not only helped me in preparing this presentation but also in
having a better insight in this field. Lastly, I express deep sense of gratitude towards my
colleagues and also those who directly or indirectly helped me while preparing this
seminar.
Chintan C Diver
Roll Number - 10
B.E. IV E&C, 8th Semester
ABSTRACT
The revolution in biological sciences and bioengineering has created an environment in
which the advances in the life sciences are not only amenable to, but require, the active
participation of modern engineering. This revolution, along with the advances of design
and manufacturing, CAD/CAM, information technology, biomaterials and biomedicine
have emerged a new field of Computer-Aided Tissue Engineering (CATE). CATE
enables the application of advanced computer-aided technologies and biomechanical
engineering principles to derive systematic solutions for solving complex tissue
engineering problems
Three dimensional printing (more commonly referred to the abbreviation 3DP), a tool for
Solid Modeling is a type of rapid prototyping system developed by MIT in the late 1980s
which turns the 3D data into a physical model for conceptual evaluation. The paper
described both the colored and uncolored versions of "cut-on-the-stack" lamination on a
self-replicating 3D printer and was widely distributed from April 1987 to April 1991.
Using an adapted inkjet printing system, layers of a fine powder (either corn flour or
plaster) are selectively bonded by "printing" a water-based adhesive from the inkjet print
head in the shape of each cross-section as determined by a CAD (computer aided design)
file.3D printing - also known as "rapid prototyping" - transforms a blueprint on a
computer into a real object by building up a succession of layers. The material is bonded
by either fusing it with a laser or by using alternating layers of glue.
Three-dimensional printing technology is used to build physical models from sketches,
blueprints, 3D scans, CAD Files and many other formats. Using a computer and proper
software, a 3D mesh is created to represent the object to be printed. This mesh data is
then sent as many thin horizontal slices to the printer, which interprets the data and joins
together liquid and powder materials to form complex parts layer by layer. Threedimensional printing is the least expensive rapid prototyping process, which turns the 3D
data into a physical model for conceptual evaluation. Where an ordinary printer lays
down a single layer of ink on a single sheet of paper, these printers add the extra
dimension by printing layer after layer in a vat of starch or plaster until you have a
physical model identical that accurately reflects the original design. Parts with a wide
variety of sizes, strengths, flexibility and surface finish can be produced with this method.
INDEX
List Of Figures.....(I)
Acknowledgement......(II)
Abstract .....(III)
1. Introduction ...(01-05)
1.1 Evolutionary History of 3-D Printing...02
1.2 What is 3-D Printing.03
1.3 How and Where 3-D Printing Models Are Utilized .....04
1.4 3DP Used By Different Fields.05
2.
Conclusion ..25
Bibliography ..26
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
R/P Machine
Finished R/P
Object
Using a computer and proper CAD software, a 3D mesh is created to represent the object
to be printed. This mesh data is then sent as many thin horizontal slices to the printer,
which interprets the data and joins together liquid and powder materials to form complex
parts layer by layer. Three-dimensional printing is the least expensive rapid prototyping
process, which turns the 3D data into a physical model for conceptual evaluation. Where
an ordinary printer lays down a single layer of ink on a single sheet of paper, these
printers add the extra dimension by printing layer after layer in a vat of starch or plaster
until you have a physical model identical that accurately reflects the original design. Parts
with a wide variety of sizes, strengths, flexibility and surface finish can be produced with
this method.
3.55
3.5
3.00
3
2.34
2.5
2
1.86
1.5
1
0.5
0
1998
1999
2000
2001
K o re a
1 .8 %
C h in a
4 .7 %
Functional models
19.8%
Fit/assembly
15.9%
O th e r
9 .6 %
U .S .
4 2 .8 %
Ja p a n
1 8 .7 %
Ita ly
3 .5 %
UK
4 .3 %
C anada
Sw eden
F ra n ce G e rm a n y
1 .0 %
1 .2 %
9 .3 %
3 .0 %
CHAPTER 2
PROCESS
OF
3-D PRINTING
CHAPTER 2
In this case these models can be strengthened by infiltrating with wax, and ink can be
added to the initially transparent wax to produce parts that have a variety of colours.
Accuracy: The printer accuracy is about 0.25mm in the horizontal plane, and
about 0.5mm vertically. The finest feature that can be printed is about 0.5mm.
Change orientation to maximize the accuracy in your critical dimensions.
Scale: Parts are most effectively printed laying down, so avoid parts that do not
fit in the recomended square if possible. Consider printing your model in parts or
reduced scale, so all parts can fit.
Strength: Material properties of ABS are similar to plastic. However, because the
printer deposits material in fibers, the actual properties are more similar to
hardwood: They depend on the orientation of the fibers. Consider printing your
model in parts, so that each part can be printed in an orientation that maximizes its
strength.
Moving parts: If you are planning to print pre-assembled mechanisms (e.g.
assembled prismatic, cylindrical or ball joints), leave 0.4mm between surfaces
that move relative to each other. Consider printing your model in parts, then
assembling the parts, if you require tighter tolerances in your model joints.
Support material removal. The printer uses washable support material to fill in
temporary gaps and to construct scaffolds for printing overhanging structures. The
support material is washed away using detergent after the print is complete. Allow
adequate pathways for the water to seep in to flush out the support material. Do
not leave support material sealed in closed or nearly closed cavities: add openings
if necessary. Consider printing your model in parts, so that overall support
material use is minimized.
Cost: Material cost is approximately $20 per cubic inch (both structure and
support materials). It is not necessary to hollow out large volumes to save material
- the printer does that automatically. However, there are many other ways to
reduce material (and consequently print time). Whenever possible, use large
chamfers, fillets and cuts to remove material that is not structurally necessary.
Print time: Print time is roughly proportional to net print volume, at about 2
hours per cubic inch. Part orientation may also dramatically influence print time so consider several options before you proceed.
Part orientation: Before sending your part to the printer, consider various
orientation to maximize resolution and minimize required support and print time.
Consider printing your model in parts and optimize the orientation of each part
individually.
Testing. It is advisable to print uncertain portions of your model to verify they
print correctly, before printing the entire model. For example, if your model is
large and has a joint in it, print just the joint first to make sure it works, before
printing the entire model
Here, There sre some 3 Dimensional physical models which are created by the use of
the 3 DIMENSIONAL PRINTING.
Fig 2.5 : The 3D Physical Model Created After The Process Of 3DP
Fig 2.6 : The 3D Physical Model Is Being Finished After The Process Of
3DP
CHAPTER 3
THEORY
OF
3-D PRINTING
CHAPTER 3
deviation should be, say, an order of magnitude finer that the printer resolution. Print jobs
are costly and time consuming. Careful planning will eliminate wasteful prints.
CHAPTER 4
SOFTWARE
&
HARDWARE
CHAPTER 4
CHAPTER 5
APPLICATIONS
OF
3 D PRINTING
CHAPTER 5
APPLICATIONS OF 3 D PRINTING
Mechanical Engineers
Aerospace Engineers
Automotive Engineers
Architects
Industrial Designers
Physicians and Dentists
Artists
Sculptors
Filmmakers
Set Designers
Prop Fabricators
Now you have access to todays cutting-edge technology without investing time and
money in costly and labor-intensive jewelry-making software and hardware.WB&C can
convert your customers sketch/photo/artwork into a ready to cast wax quickly,
accurately, economically, and perfectly! The product with a full-color, perfect art
rendering of the finished piece, allowing your customer to see the piece before it even
exists. This service alone has proved to increase sales by more than 75%.
Medical:
CONCLUSION
3 DIMENTIONAL PRINTING is a new tool, which allows the manufacturing enterprise
to run smoother increases throughput and product quality New uses and applications are
discovered everyday Future areas include new materials directly deposited (metals,
ceramics) Fast prototyping greatly reduced time to market and enabled faster decision
making Development time was cut in half from previous high-end programs Substantial
savings on development costs over previous programs
These tools can both accelerate the existing process and allow the process to be changed
in more dramatic ways. So by the use of 3 dimensional printer .one can convert own idea
into physical models.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1] Modeling 3D Scanned Data to Visualize the Built Environment, Yusuf Arayici,
Andy Hamilton The University of Salford, Greater Manchester Proceedings of the
Ninth International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV05) 1550-6037/05
2005 IEEE
[2] http://www.inition.co.uk/inition/guides_rapid.htm
[3] http://www.uni.edu/%7Erao/rt/major_tech.htm
[4] http://www.warwick.ac.uk/atc/rpt/Techniques/3dprinting.htm
[5] http://web.mit.edu/afs/athena.mit.edu/org/t/tdp/www/whatis3dp.html
[6] http://tenyearsofmylife.com/2005/03/15/
[7] http://www.media.mit.edu/physics/pedagogy/fab/laserprint/print/tutorial.html