OSH Management System II

Diploma in Occupational Safety

and Health
FAJAR INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE

To define what is first aid

To state the purpose of first aid at
workplace
To describe 3 principles of first aid
To explain the requirement under the
first aid guideline by DOSH
To explain 3 levels of first aid training

Reasons for providing First-Aid

Planning for First-Aid

First-Aid facilities

Training

People at work can suffer injuries or fall ill.

It does not matter the injury or the illness
is caused by the work they do. What is
important is that they receive immediate
attention and that an ambulance is
called in serious cases. First aid at work
covers the arrangements employers
must make to ensure this happens. It can
save lives and prevent minor injuries
becoming major ones.
4

A suitable stocked first-aid box

An appointed person to take charge of
first-aid arrangements
It is important to remember that
accidents can happen at any time. Firstaid provision needs to be available at all
times people are at work.

Are there hazardous, dangerous tools

and equipment, dangerous manual
handling tasks, electrical shock risks,
dangers from neighbors or animals?
Are there different levels of risk in parts of
the premises or site?
What is the accident and ill-health
record, type ad location of accidents?

What is the total number of persons likely

to be on site?
Are there young people, pregnant or
nursing mothers on site, employees with
disabilities or special health problems?
Are the facilities widely dispersed with
several buildings or compact in a multistory building?

What is the pattern of working hours,

does it involve night work?
Is the site remote from emergency
medical services?
Do employees work at sites occupied by
other employers?
Are members of the public regularly on
site?

Training for first aiders

Additional first-aid equipment and the
contents of the first-aid box.
Sitting of first-aid equipment to meet the
various demands in the premises. For
example, provision of equipment in each
building or several floors. There needs to
be first-aid provision at all time during
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working hours

Informing local medical services of the

site and its risks.
Any special arrangement that may be
needed with the local emergency
services.

10

Issuing personal first-aid kits and

providing training
Issuing mobile phones to employees
Making arrangements with employees
on other sites

11

Stock for up to 50 persons

A leaflet giving general guidance on first-aid box, e.g. HSE leaflet Basic advice on first aid at
work

Medical adhesive plasters

40

Sterile eye pads

Individually wrapped triangular bandages

Safety pins

Individually wrapped: large sterile unmedicated wound dressings

Individually wrapped: medium sterile unmedicated wound dressings

Individually wrapped wipes

10

Paramedic shears

Pairs of latex gloves

Sterile eyewash if no clean running water

2
12

There is no standard list of items to put in

a first-aid box. It depends on what the
employer assesses the needs to be.
Where there is no special risk in the
workplace, a minimum stock is listed in
the previous table. Tablets and
medicines should not be kept in the firstaid box.
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Take charge when someone is injured or

falls ill. This includes calling an
ambulance if required.
Look after the first-0aid equipment, for
example, keeping the first-aid box
replenished
Keeping records of treatment given

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Category of risk

No. of employees

Suggested number
of first-aid personnel

Lower risk
e.g. shops and offices, Fewer than 50
libraries
50-100
More than 100

At least one appointed

person
At least one first aider
One additional first
aider for every 100
employed

e.g. most construction, Fewer than 50

slaughterhouses,
chemical
50-100
manufacturer,
More than 100
extensive work with
dangerous machinery
or sharp instrument

At least one appointed

person
At least one first aider
One additional first
aider for every 100
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employed

Higher risk

A first aider is someone who has undergone

and HSe approved training course in
administering first aid at work and holds a
current first aid work certificate.
Employees must be informed of the first-aid
arrangements. Putting up notices telling
staff who and where the first aiders or
appointed persons are and where the firstaid box is will usually be enough. Special
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arrangements will be needed for

First aid is "the immediate and

temporary care of the victim of an
accident, with the aim of preventing or
reducing an acute threat to the life or
health of the victim".
International Labour Organisation

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Preserve life
Stop the condition becoming worse
Protect the unconscious
Promote recovery and
Relieve pain and suffering
Compliance with Factory and Machinery
(Safety, Health and Welfare) Regulations
1970 (Reg. 38) and OSHA 1994 (Section
15(1)

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A person who:
Requires immediate attention
Whose injury would not need treatment by a

medical practitioner or nurse

Minor injuries who would otherwise receive
no treatment

Note:
All injuries however minor should be treated,
otherwise it might lead to infections leading to
lost time illnesses.
19

Get help immediately. Speed is

essential. Minutes can save lives

First-Aider assess situation without

endangering self

Identify injury or injuries

20

In cases of multiple casualties prioritise

treatment

Keep records of treatments

21

IDENTIFICATION

What kind of injuries or diseases anticipated

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ASSESSMENT
The type of work being carried out and its
level of hazard
Work away from the employer's premises.
Consequences
Availability of other places of treatment (are
there hospitals nearby?)

23

CONTROL
Provision of first aid facilities and services

24

The duties of first aiders should be

analysed as part of the hazard
management process

Identify hazards from

Manual handling
Infection control

25

Planning is important for high risk places

of work, such as:
Workplaces which use or manufacture

hazardous substances
Workplaces where hazardous processes may
be used (e.g.abrasive blasting);
Construction sites;
Where heat is used as part of any process
(e.g. working in foundries or welding and
cutting); and
Workplaces which require people to work in
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remote isolated areas (e.g. agricultural or

If has potential for mass casualties

provide:
Safe place for evacuation
Equipment e.g. stretchers, wheelchairs, etc.

For hazardous substances and poisons

Procedures, training and PPE for handling

Antidotes in first-aid box, e.g. for cyanide

and procedure for using it, if necessary
To be administered only by trained first aider
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Properly trained and designated first-aid

personnel on every shift,

First-aid kit, supplies and room,

A first-aid manual,

Posted instructions for calling a physician

and notifying the hospital that the patient
is reroute,
28

Posted method for transporting ill or

injured employees and instructions for
calling an ambulance or rescue squad
and

An adequate first-aid record system

29

For all workplaces

Communications for quick response
Rescue and evacuation

30

Plan first-aid in conjunction with the

emergency response plan. (Especially for
major hazard facilities (MHF)

If there are many employers in the same

workplace, therefore the principal
employer is responsible

31

Matters to be determined having identified

hazards and assessed the risks at the
workplace are:

The number and location of first aid box

Their contents
The number of employees to be trained in
first aid
The level of training
Possible need for a first aid room and
equipment it should contain
32

Number of first aider

The numbers of employees.
The distribution of employees
Number of shifts
The nature of the work (type of industry)
The size and location of the workplace
The distance from outside medical services
33

Selection of first aiders

Appointment of a person in low risk

situations (office)

34

Sturdy, portable and readily accessible mobile employees also to be considered

Names of First Aiders / emergency services

on or near to box

CPR instructions in / or near box

35

Place of work injury instructions in or near to

box

Content is dependent on the type of

services required

Headaches and colds medicine may not

be included
36

List content and its quantity to facilitate

replenishment

Employer is responsible. First Aider to assist

replenishing contents

There is often a difference of opinion

regarding proper treatment, first-aid
procedures
Should specify the type of medication, if any, to

be used on minor injuries, such as cuts and

burns
37

In areas where chemicals are stored,

handled, or used provide:
Emergency flood showers
Low pressure eye-wash fountains

38

When more than 150 employees

Enough to place a couch and people

to move around

Identified, private, well lit (including

emergency lighting), ventilated and
temperature controlled
39

Access for wheelchair/stretcher

Easy access to work areas and toilets

Easy to clean

40

Keep near places of serious hazards

Keep clean and ready for use at all times

Keep in cabinets that are clearly marked

and properly located

41

Protected against mechanical damage

and destructive vapours or fumes, dust,
etc.

Tested periodically if made of materials

that will deteriorate

42

Location of first aid boxes/rooms

Names, location, contact numbers of

First Aiders

First aid procedures

Universal precautions
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LEVEL I
BASIC FIRST AID (emergency first aid

procedures).

LEVEL 2
WORKPLACE FIRST AID (Level I plus treatment

of injuries and illnesses, eg heart attack,

fainting).

LEVEL 3
OCCUPATIONAL FIRST AID - (Level 2 plus

broad understanding of hazards, emergency

care & assessment)
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First-aid is for preserving life and

preventing conditions of accident
victims from worsening

Assess hazards in the workplace before

first-aid services and programmes are
identified

45

First-aid programme consists of:

Identification of First Aiders and training of

employees
Provision of first-aid boxes
First-aid room, stretchers, showers and
eyewash if necessary

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It was a stifling hot day and a man fainted in the middle of a

busy intersection. Traffic quickly piled up in all directions
while a woman rushed to help him.
When she knelt down to loosen his collar, a man emerged
from the crowd, pushed her aside, and said, "It's all right
honey, I've had a course in first aid."
The woman stood up and watched as he took the ill man's
pulse and prepared to administer artificial respiration.
At this point she tapped him on the shoulder and said, "When
you get to the part about calling a doctor, I'm already here."

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