MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Mapua Institute of Technollogy Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila 1002 Philippines

School of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering

EXPERIMENT NO. 2

ANALYSIS OF RESISTIVE NETWORK: SERIES

PARALLEL CIRCUITS

Name: FESTIN, Daniel Joshua N.

Course Code/Section: EE21L/A17

Date Performed: October 21,2015

Date Submitted: October 28,2015

Engr. George Vallestero

Instructor

Final Data Sheet

Table 1.1 Measured Values

Measure
d Values

1 ()
1000
1 (V)
9.2786
1 (A)

2 ()
480
2 (V)
4.4537
2 (A)

3 ()
2000
3 (V)
6.2677
3 (A)

4 ()
340
4 (V)
2.0892
4 (A)

5 ()
680
5 (V)
4.1785
5 (A)

()
2155.50
(V)
20
(A)

9.2786103 9.2786103 3.1339103 6.1448103 6.1448103 9.2786103

Calculated
Values

1 ()
1000

2 ()
480

3 ()
2000

4 ()
340

5 ()
680

()
2155.50

3 ()
2000
3 (V)
6.27
3 (A)

4 ()
340
4 (V)
2.09
4 (A)

5 ()
680
5 (V)
4.18
5 (A)

()
2155.50
(V)
20
(A)

Table 1.2 Simulated Data (Optional)

Measured
Values

1 ()
1000
1 (V)
9.28
1 (A)

9.28103

2 ()
480
2 (V)
4.45
2 (A)

9.28103

3.13103

6.14103

6.14103

9.28103

Sample Computations:
General Formula Derivation:
: =
SERIES:
: = 1 + 2 +
: = 1 + 2 +
PARALLEL:
1
1
1
1
:
=
+
+
1 2

: = 1 + 2 +
@ :
1
1 1
+ )
4 + 5 3
1
1 1
=(
+
)
340 + 680 2000
= 675.4967

345 = (
345
345

@ :
= 1 + 2 + 345
= 1000 + 480 + 675.4967
= 2155.4967
=

20
=
2155.4967
= 9.2786103
2 =
2 = 2

2 = 9.2786103 (480)
2 = 4.4537
345 =
345 = 345
345 = 9.2786103 (675.4967)
345 = 6.2677
3 = 345
345
3 =
3
6.2677
3 =
2000
3 = 3.1339103
345
45
6.2677
=
340 + 680
= 6.1448103

45 =
45
45

4 = 5
4 = 45 4
4 = 6.1448103 (340)
4 = 2.0892
5 = 45
5 = 45 5
5 = 6.1448103 (680)
5 = 4.1785

Answers to Questions

1. What are the identifying characteristics of a series circuit?

The current is the same everywhere in the circuit

Each component has an individual Ohms law Voltage Drop

Kirchoffs Voltage Law applies

VT = V1 + V2 + V3 + . . . + Vn

The total resistance in the circuit is equal to the sum of the individual resistances
RT = R1 + R2 + R3 + . . . + Rn

The sum of the power supplied by the source is equal to the sum of the power
dissipated in the components
PT = P1 + P2 + P3 + . . . + Pn

2. What are the identifying characteristics of a parallel circuit?

The current in each component (branch) is the same everywhere in the circuit

Each branch has an individual current path.

Kirchoffs Current Law applies.

IT = I1 + I2 + I3 + . . . + In

The total resistance in the circuit is equal to inverse the sum of the inverse of the
individual resistances
1
1
1
1
1
=
+
+
+ ...+
RT
R1 R 2 R 3
Rn

The sum of the power supplied by the source is equal to the sum of the power
dissipated in the components
PT = P1 + P2 + P3 + . . . + Pn

3. What changes occur in the total resistance of a circuit as additional resistances are added
(a) in series, (b) in parallel?
a. In series by adding more resistances to the series circuit, we are increasing the
total of the resistances.
i. Ex. RT = R1 + R2 + R3 = 2 + 2 + 2 = 6

b. In parallel by adding more resistances in the parallel circuit, we are decreasing

the total resistance of the circuit. The equivalent resistance is always less than the
smallest of the individual resistances.
1

i. Ex. RT =[ 1 + 2 + 3 ] -1 = [ 2 + 2 + 2 ]-1 = 3
4. What are the different types of resistances and their purpose?
Fixed Value whose value is fixed already while manufacturing and cannot be
changed during its usage.
Variable resistor or potentiometer resistors whos Value can be changed during
its usage.
Package resistor which contains a package which contains two or more
resistors inside it.
Carbon-composition Resistors - are made of finely divided carbon or graphite
mixed with a powdered insulating material as a binder in the proportions
need for the desired R value. Resistance values of 1 to 20M
Carbon Deposition The value of resistor is determined by the amount of carbon
deposited around the ceramic rod.
High Voltage Ink Film These resistors can withstand very high voltage of up
to one thousands of kilo voltages and usually have high resistance too
ranging from on kilo ohms to one hundred thousand mega ohms.
Metal Film these types of resistors are very reliable, have high tolerance and
also have high temperature coefficient. These types of resistors are
costlier compared to other but are used in critical systems.
Metal Glaze Metal Glaze resistors are made up of glass and metal which is
mixed and applied as thick films to a ceramic substrate and then fired
to form a film.
Wire Wound have high stability and can also withstand high powers but are
usually bulkier compared to other types of resistors.
Ceramic Metal are very stable and also have accurate resistance. These types
of resistors are mostly used as Surface Mount type resistor for using in
SMD PCB.

5. Why are lamps in a house lighting circuit not connected in series?

Because if one of the lamps fail, all the other lamps will also fail because they are
in series with one another. This is because there is only one path for the current and if one
lamp fails, then current won't be able to flow to the other lamps.
6. A small lamp is designed to draw 300mA in a 6V circuit. What is the resistance of the
lamp filament?
I = 300 mA = 0.3 A V = 6 V R =?
By Ohms Law:
R = V/I = 6 V / 0.3 A = 20
7. A battery with an internal resistance of 1.5 is connected in series with resistors R1=3
and R2=3.5 if the potential difference across the 3 resistor is 9V. What is the emf of
the battery?
VR1 = 9 V
R1 = 3| R2 = 3.5|
RVS = 1.5|
IT = I1 = I2 = I3 = VR1/R1 = 9 V / 3| = 3A
RT = R1 + R2 + RVS = (3 + 3.5 + 1.5)| = 8 |
VT = ITRT = (3A) (8|) = 24 V
8. Determine the ideal voltage source needed by three resistors connected in series R1=6 ,
R2=8 , and R3=10 if a required current of 0.5A flows in the circuit.
The ideal voltage source needed is 12V.
Solution:
I = V/R
V = IR
V = (I) [(R1 + R2 + R3)]
V = (0.5A) [(6 + 8 + 10)]
V = 12V

9. Determine the total resistance of the circuit below.

(40|)(10|)
40| + 10|

=8|

4.5| + 1.5 | = 6 |

4 | + 8 | = 12 |
(12|)(6|)
12| + 6|

=4|

(40 | resistor and 10 | resistor in parallel)

(4.5 | and 1.5 | resistor in series)

(4 | and 8 | resistor in series)

(6 | and 12 | resistor in parallel)

25 | + 5 | = 30 |

(25 | and 5 | resistor in series)

4|+5|=9|

(4 | and 5 | resistor in series)

(9|)(18|)
9| + 18|

=6|

14 | + 6 | = 20 |

(9 | and 18 | resistor in parallel)

(14 | and 6 | resistor in series)

(20|)(30|)
20| + 30|

= 12 |

(20 | and 30 | resistor in parallel)

RT = 1 | + 12 | + 2 | = 15 |

Conclusion

The voltage through a resistor in a circuit is directly proportional to the current running
through it. Such is stated in Ohms Law where the relationship between the voltage, current, and
resistance can be expressed in the equation V=IR, where V is the voltage, I is the current across
the circuit, and R is the resistor.
In this experiment the students identified the different components of a series-parallel
circuit by calculating for the resistance, voltage, and current across the circuit.
It was understood that in a series circuit the current is uniform through each resistor and
that the total resistance of the system is equal to the summation of all the resistances in that system.
In a parallel circuit however, the voltage is uniform throughout the circuit and the total
resistance is equal to the reciprocal of the summation of the inverse values of the resistances. The
total current is measured by the summation of all the currents across each resistor.
The students were able to know the basic principles behind a basic electric circuit namely
the series, parallel, or series-parallel circuit by demonstrating the electric circuit Law called the
Ohms Law.