Effect of Post-Buckling On The Stiffness and Stress of Plate

Eng. &Tech.Journal, Vol.33,Part (A),No.
2, 2015
Effect of Post-Buckling on The Stiffness and Stress of Plate
Dr. Hani Aziz Ameen

Technical College, Foundation of Technical Education/ Baghdad.
E-mail:haniazizameen@yahoo.com
Dr. Kayser Aziz Ameen
University Al-Esraa College / Baghdad.
Email:kayseraziz@yahoo.com
Dr. Ibtissam Mahdi shihab
Machines & Equipments Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad
Email:ems55_2005@yahoo.com
Received on:4/3/2014
&
Accepted on:29/1/2015
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a theoretical investigation of post and pre-buckling of the
simply supported plate. The effect of post and pre buckling on the stiffness of plate is
determined. The full derivation of the equation described the ratio of stiffness of plate
in the post to pre buckling is derived and from this equation it can be deduced that the
simply support plates lose about (3/5) of their initial compressional stiffness after
buckling also it can be concluded that after buckling the maximum stress increases at
almost four times the pre-buckling.
Keywords: Plates, buckling, post-buckling, compression, pre-buckling
.
.
( /)
.
INTRODUCTION
uckling is the general term frequently used to describe the failure of a
structure structure between the stable and unstable case. When the magnitude
of the load on a structure is such that the equilibrium is changed from stable
to unstable, the load is called a critical load or (buckling load). Buckling means loss
of the stability of an equilibrium configuration, without fracture or separation of the
material or at least prior to it [1]. It is an important type of failure that occurs widely
in many structural applications, it is characterized by an abrupt large deformation that
occurs in a structure when the load that is applied reaches a certain critical value. One
problem faced in the design of structures is buckling, in which structural members
Eng. &Tech.Journal, Vol.33,Part (A),No.2, 2015
Effect of Post-Buckling on the Stiffness and

Stress of Plate
collapse under compressive loads greater than the material can withstand. The nature
of buckling pattern in plate not only depends upon the type of the applied loading but
also on the shape (dimension) of the problem and the material properties and also
upon the manner in which the edges are supported [2].
The compression of plate is discussed by Von Karman et al ,1932, [3]. Marguerre ,
1938 [4] investigated the elastic plate post-buckling , this analysis aided to determine
the in-plane strains and stresses from the exact compatibility conditions with the outof plane deflections. Rhodes, 1968 [5], modified the explicit expression obtained
from basis of a Marguerre model. Rhodes, 1982 [6] studied the post-buckling
behavior of bending elements and in 2003 [7] studied the post-buckling analysis of
plates and plate structure, under eccentric load also investigated the application of
plate analysis to strut, beam and column design. Michael, 1996 [8], studied the effect
of a cutout on the buckling and post-buckling behavior of rectangular plates made of
advanced composite materials. Rakesh, 2010 [9], studied the elastic buckling of thin
plates with shell finite element eign-buckling analysis.
This paper presents a theoretical investigation of post and pre-buckling of the
simply supported plate, which is of strong interest in the design of structures. The
prediction of the stiffness of plate and stress due to buckling is thus a challenging
task. This paper has a novel discussion of the effect of post and pre-buckling on the
stiffness of plate.
Basic Equations
In order to study the behavior of plate after buckling, account must be taken of the
effects of out of plane displacements on the middle surface strains of a buckled
plate. Fig.(1) shows the rectangular plate.
Figure. (1) Rectangular plate

For the middle strain in the x-direction , can be deduced that[2]
=
similarly,
.. (1)
=
.. (2)
Also it can be shown with a slightly more complex geometrical construction that

Stress of Plate
(3)
It can be shown that these three equations are obtained from the geometry of the
displacements and constitute compatible requirements which must be adhered to if
an energy method of analysis is to be used in the post- buckling range.
To eliminate the in-plane displacements, equation (1)differentiated twice with respect
to y and equation (2) with respect to x , and equation (3) once with respect to x and
again with respect to y and add, obtaining a single differential equation linking the
mid- surface strains to the out of plane displacements. This is
+
. (4)
Now for a linear elastic material .The stresses

,
and
can be related by the
introduction of a stress function F(x,y)[7] .Substitution of these equations into
equation(4) yields the final equation
+2
.. (5)
If an energy approach is to be used to investigate the post- buckling behavior of

plates then equation (5) must be satisfied by the post- buckling stress variations. So,if
the initial out of plane displacements
are present the equation then becomes
(6)
Where
(o) is the local imperfection, since the middle surface stresses are assumed to act
uniformly through the thickness this gives the strain energy
=
Or in other form
=
(7)
2(1 + )
+ 2(1 + )
. ..(8)
Rearranging gives
=
(9)
Post- Buckling Behavior of Plates with Simple Supported Loaded Edges

Consider a plate compressed in one direction to such an extent that buckling has
occurred. The total compression displacement is = and the stress system
at
the plate ends corresponding to this is as yet unknown.
It can be assumed the following deflection form for the post- buckling analysis

Stress of Plate
= . ( ). sin
.. (10)
Since the post-buckling is considered and it must satisfy equation (5) , Von
Karmans compatibility equation[??].
Substituting for w into equation (5) gives
Rearranged gives
( )
( ) +
.. (11)
+ ( )
.. (12)
From this equation it can be seen that the stress function F may be considered in
two parts, one part varies periodically with x and the another constant with respect to
x.
i.e. =
where
and
Since
. (13)
( ) +
( )
is a function of y only then
(14)
. (15)
can be replaced by
then becomes;
=
Integrating gives
( ) +
+
=
Integrating again gives
Since
= . equation (14)
(16)
(17)
(18)
is a function of y only then
=0
and
is the only
derivative of
which is of any consequence , since this constitutes a stress in the x
direction. The constants of integration
and
are used to satisfy the displacement
boundary conditions at the plate loaded ends, therefore,
=
For
.. (19)
equation(15) is used and obtained

2
2
= 2
hence
Putting

Stress of Plate
( )
( )
. (20)
( ) and substituting in equation (20) gives

= ( )
. (21)
If the function
can be obtained from equation (21) the stress function
is
known. The function
is composed of two parts, the particular integral solution and
the complementary function solution. The particular integral solution depends on the
function Y and can only be obtained for a specified Y.
The complementary function solution is as follows:
+
(22)
. =
The coefficients , , ,
are used in conjunction with the particular integral
solution to satisfy the boundary conditions on the unloaded edges.
assumed for the present that can be obtained and hence
using equations (20),
(21) and (22) and continue with the analysis.
Boundary Conditions on the Loaded Ends
These are zero shear stress and uniform compression , i.e.
= 0,
=0
=
=0
.. (23)
= 0across the plate

=
. (24)
using equation(13) for F gives

=
( )+
( )
Hence
=
Thus condition equation (23) is automatically satisfied.
To examine condition equation (24) equation(1) is recall.
gives
=
.. (25)
.. (26)
Substituting for w and

=
gives
(27)
Substituting for F from equation (13) gives
=
at = 0 ,
at =
= =
substituting for
= 0and

Stress of Plate
1
2
2
(28)
.. (29)
from equation (18) gives
= 0 and
since is constant across the plate then ,
i.e. = (
=
is now fully known in terms of the end displacement

deflection coefficient A. this is
) . (30)
.. (31)
and the out of plane
(32)
On the assumption that is also known it can evaluate the strain energy of the
middle surface stresses
from equation (9). This is
=
2(1 + )
( )
.. (33)
Integrating in the x-direction gives

=
Substituting for
2( ) + 2(1 + )
from equation (32) and using
+ 2(1 + )
+ ( )
+ ( ) ]
. (34)
, gives
(35)
From a consideration of zero shear stress on the unloaded edges of the plate it can
be get
=
then
must equal zero on the boundaries y= 0, b
= 0 , at
= 0, . If this is true for all x

Stress of Plate
Rearranging equation (35) gives the strain energy of middle a surface stresses
finally as
=
+2
Thus, the strain energy of the plate bending can be deduced

=
+ 2(1 )
] Where
.. (36)
=
..(37)
The total strain energy of the compressed plate is obtained from the sum of
equation (35) and equation (37)
i.eVT = VM+VB
.... (38)
applying the principle of minimum strain energy and differentiate VT with respect
to A This gives
VT
=0=
+ 2[
rearranging equation (39)
A=
.( )
.(39)
( )
(40)
It is convenient to use non-dimensionalised form of this equation by putting

=
..(41)
and using the relationship of

=
to get
/
..(42)
Thus for any specified deflection function Y the deflection magnitude A

corresponding to any end displacement u* is obtained from (42).it can be shown that
<
ifu*
then A/t , is imagining and the plate has not buckled.
Buckling is initiated when u*

i.e when
<
This value of u* is identical with the nondimensional buckling stress (K).The

load on the plate corresponding to the end displacement is obtained by integrating
the stresses across the plate, the stress at any point is given by
i.e .
. (43)
= +
Substituting for
=
from equation (32) and using

gives
i..

Stress of Plate
+2
(44)
]
. (45)
can be non dimensional by writingx = - x* D /b t hence
+2
non dimensionalising by writing
](
. =
. 3(1 )
+ 2
.
The total load on the plate is obtained from the integral
P =
P*=
Substituting for
.. (46)
.(47)
..(48)
fromequation(48) and integrating gives
3(1
+2
. (49)
It can be shown the integral of

and since this is zero on the
boundaries y=0,b due to the requirement of zero shear stress at the boundaries then
equation (49) can be written
P*=u*
Substituting for
P*=
3(1
[
(50)
from equation (4) gives
(51)
The stiffness of the plate against end compression after buckling is given by
in non dimensional form by
= [1
Where
f3=
+2
or
, this gives
.(52)
(53)
before buckling P*=u* and
=1
The Ratio of Post Buckling Compressional Stiffness to Pre-Buckling Stiffness

From the above analysis, it can be deduced
=
= 1
(54)

Stress of Plate
Since the plate stiffness before buckling is related to Youngsmodulus, E, then the
plate stiffness after buckling can be related to same fictitious modulusE* and it can be
deduced
= 1
=1
. (55)
It will be found that equation (55) is identical to what was given in Rhodes, 2003
[7] with n=1 and with different way.
The load displacement curve of plate is given by the graph shown in Fig.(2).This
consists of two lines one of slope proportional to E and the another of slope
proportional to E*. Both lines interest at the load.
Figure (2) Load displacement curve of plate

To obtain the stress at any point, substituting for
equation (47) and obtain
=u*-
and
= 1
][
. (56)
]
from equation (42) in
(57)
This indicates that the stress at any point on the plate changes linearly in the post
buckling range. The rate of change depends on the particular point chosen on the
plate . Before buckling = 1

Therefore,
= 1
. (58)
Results and Discussion

In this paper, the postbuckling behavior of a uniformly compressed, square,
simply supported plate with the unloaded edges free from normal and shear stresses is
examined as shown in Fig.(3) to show the effect of buckling on the plates stiffness.

Stress of Plate
Figure(3)Effect of buckling on the plates stiffness.

To simplify the analysis y- direction is taken as the center line of the plate and
assume the buckled form
=
This is exactly the same deflected form of initial buckling analysis by

specifying =
and measuring y from the plate edge.
It can be deduced therefore state values for the bulking stress and for f1 from this
work or alternatingf1 and
can be evaluated using the following equations with the
limits of integration begin
( )=
( )=
+ 2(1 )
. (59)
. (60)
and
Hence
. .. (61)
for n=1 and l=b it can be get = =Pcr*=K=4 and

now evaluate the function (y) using equation.(21)
i.e. 2(2 / ) + (2 / ) =
=
+
=( )
the particular integral solution for is there for easily obtained as
now
= 2.
=
/
=
(using n=1)

The complementary function solution is given by equation (22). Therefore with n
set equal to one the complete solution is
= . + .
hence
2
2
2
=
+
+
+
16
Since the symmetry is existed about the x-axis i.e. about the line y=0 then anti
symmetrical terms in the expression for is disregard ,that is, = = 0 since,
and y cosh are anti-symmetrical .
To evaluate B2 and B3 the boundary condition of stress free edges, is used

.
i.e.
=0 at y=
now
[ +
(
Since
=
Then
If
at y=b/2

+
Hence
B=-0.661 b.B
(for n=1)
2
.
( + cos
Also y=
=0 at y=
= 1)

Stress of Plate
=0
=
2
=0
= 1)
Therefore if y=0 at y=b/2 for all x , then =0 at

Hence
+ cos
0.661
hence
=
16
i.e. =
+ sinh
cosh +
=0 (
/(0.661 cos 0.5

.
and =
the equation for
and(
+ 0.0331
/
is required to obtain
= 0.02188.
=0
=
= )
is now
=
0.02188 cosh
In order to obtain f3the term
=0
cosh
+ 0.0331
) = ( + 2
sinh
2
[ ( ) ]
= / [
+ (0.0662) cosh
this integral can easily be evaluated giving
ysinh
dy
+2
cosh
From equation (53) f=

/
/
/

Stress of Plate
2
+ 2 0.02377
= 0.02377
and /
= / cos
=
the ratio of post buckling to pre-buckling compressional stiffness can be obtained
from equation (54)
i.e.
= 1
= 1 0.5917
= 0.4083
Thus the plate loses about 3/5 the of its initial compressional stiffness after buckling
and the load end displacement curve is shown in Fig.(4).
Figure(4) Load- end displacement curve of the plate

To examine the growth of out - of- plane deflections equation (42) is used to obtain
=
Taking =0.3 gives
hence
1
3(1
) (
+ 2.0.02377 )
1
.5 2
=
.
= 0.4334(
2.73 0.42254
Since
( ) = 1/0.4083 (
It can be written
= 0.4334(
0.4334
(
0.4083
4)
) = 1.0615(

Stress of Plate
This relationship is plotted in Fig.(5).
Figure (5) relation between A/t with load

The membrane stress x at any point on the plate can be obtained in its nondimensional form, x*, from equation (47).i.e.
3(1
substituting for
+2
2.73 1.0615(
+
0.0331
(forl=b and n=1)
) {cos
+ 2(0.2188) 4
+4
This can be evaluated for any values of x and y if u* is given

Note that at = , ,
=0
And since = + .
( )
Then the stress distribution across the plate at x= /4 , 3 /4, is

. = +
2.898( )(
)
0.4083
Also the edge stress is obtained by substituting y=b/2 in the general expression for
giving

2
|
2.898( ) 0.477
= +
0.4083
|
= 1 . .when x= /2
. |
+ 3.8315( )
(
) =
Stress distributions for a load of twice the buckling load are plotted as shown in
Fig.(6).

Stress of Plate
13.8
8.27
X
A
2.75
19.33
A
B
2.25
B
1.75
Figure(6) Stress distribution of the load

twice the buckling load is about the limited of accuracy of the one term solution
derived, for further loading more terms are required in the solution to take into
account the changes in deflected form that occur after buckling. As can be seen the
maximum membrane stress incurred in the plate edge in line with the crest of the
buckle. This is x*edge(max).Using cr*=ucr* It can be written
max* = 3.8315(P* ), therefore, after bucking the maximum stress increases
at almost 4 times the pre-buckling rate with respect to load as in Fig.(7).
P* 16
12
8
P*CR
Slope=1/3.831
5
Slope=1
0
0
*C
10
15
20
*ma
x
Figure(7) Critical load vs. max. stress due to buckling

Fig.(8) shows the variation of E*/E with variation in plate length is shown above
for the cases of straight edges and stress free edges ,showing that for /b 0
E*/E1/3 for both cases and as /b increases the case of stress-free edges has lower
stiffness after buckling. Curve(1) could easily be drawn using equation (9) whereas
the curve(2) required computer analysis.

Stress of Plate
0.7
E*/E
0.6
0.5
Edges kept
straight
0.4
1
2
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
Stress free edge
1.1
1.3
t/b
Figure(8) Variation of E*/E with variation in plate length
for both types of conditions.

Fig.(9) shows the variation in
As can be seen the stress- free condition gives lower effective widths and hence lower
ultimate loads.
Figure(9) Variation in
CONCLUSIONS
The following points can be concluded:
1- In this paper the stiffness ratio of post buckling to pre- buckling is investigated.
2- The simply support plates lose about (3/5) of its initial compressional stiffness
after buckling.
3- After buckling the maximum stress increases at almost four times the prebuckling.

Stress of Plate
REFERENCES
[1] N. G. Lyenger and S. Gupta, "Programming Methods for Structural Design"
Affiliated East West Press, New Delhi, 1980.
[2] G. Gerard and H. Bechler, "Hand Book of Structural Stability. Buckling of Flat
Plates ", NACA TN.3781, 1957.
[3] Von Karman T ,Sechler EE, Donnel LH. Strength of Thin Plates in
Compression. Trans. ASME, 54, 1932.
[4] Marguerre K. ZurTheorie Der Gekreummter Platte Grosser Formaederung.
Proc. Fifth Int. Congress for Applied Mechanics, Cambridge, UK, 1938. (in German).
[5] Rhodes J. Microcomputer Design Analysis of Plate Post-Buckling Behavior. J.
Strain Anal, 21, 1968.
[6] Rhodes J. The Post- Buckling Behavior of Bending Elements. Proc 6thInt
Specialty Conference on Cold- Formed Steel Structures, St. Louis, Mo, 1982.
[7] Rhodes J. Some Observations on the Post-Buckling Behavior of Thin Plates and
Thin- Walled Members. Thin- Walled Structures, 41, 207-226,2003.
[8] Michael P. Nemeth Buckling and PostbucklingBahavior of Laminated
Composite Plates with a Cutout NASA Technical Paper 3587, 1996.
[9] RakeshTimappaNaik Elastic Buckling Studies of Thin Plates and Cold- Formed
Steel Members in Shear. Report submit to Virginia Polytechnic Institute, M.Sc.
thesis, 2010.

Effect of Post-Buckling On The Stiffness and Stress of Plate - Hani Aziz Ameen

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Effect of Post-Buckling On The Stiffness and Stress of Plate - Hani Aziz Ameen

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Eng. &Tech.Journal, Vol.33,Part (A),No.

Dr. Hani Aziz Ameen

Eng. &Tech.Journal, Vol.33,Part (A),No.2, 2015