Preparation and Standardization

of 1 N HCl Solution
Glass ware and instruments:
preparation

beaker

washing bottle

glass stirrer

volumetric flask

graduated cylinders

fume hood

Preparation and Standardization

of 1 N HCl Solution
Glass ware and instruments:
standardization

conical flask

tripod stand

burette

wire gauze

burette stand

Bunsen burner

burette clamp

Preparation and Standardization

of 1 N HCl Solution
Glass ware and instruments:
standardization

spatula

watch glass

electrical balance

oven

Preparation and Standardization

of 1 N HCl Solution
p
preparation
p
of 100 mL of 1 N HCl solution
Dilute 9 mL of HCl with distilled water to a final
volume
l
off 100 mL
L using
i a 100 mLL volumetric
l
ti
flask.

N1 :the normality of concentrated HCl used

V1 :the volume of concentrated HCl to be used for dilution
N2 :the requested normality of HCl (1 N in our experiment)
V2 :final volume after dilution (100 mL in our experiment)

Preparation and Standardization

of 1 N HCl Solution

N :the normality of the concentrated acid

% : the
th weight
i ht by
b weight
i ht concentration
t ti off the
th acid
id
sp. gr. : the specific gravity of the acid
eq. w
eq
wt. :thee equ
equivalent
v e we
weight
g oof thee acid
cd

Preparation and Standardization

of 1 N HCl Solution
standardization
Na2CO3 + 2HCl

2NaCl + H2O + CO2

anhydrous sodium carbonate is used as the

primary standard
methyl red is used as the indicator

yyellow

faint p
pink

Preparation and Standardization

of 1 N HCl Solution
titration apparutus
pp

Preparation and Standardization

of 1 N HCl Solution
burette adjusment
j

Preparation and Standardization

of 1 N HCl Solution
burette adjusment
j

Preparation and Standardization

of 1 N HCl Solution
procedure
p
wash the burette with the D. W. and the titrant (HCl)
fill the
th burette
b tt with
ith HCl to
t a level
l l (adjust
( dj t it)
dissolve the primary standard (Na2CO3) in enough D. W.
((100 mL)) usingg the conical flask
add 2 drops of methyl red
start titration by adding HCl drop wise with continuous
stirring
ti i until
til the
th solution
l ti becomes
b
f i t pink
faint
i k
heat the solution to boiling so that the colour changes
back into yyellow,, cool,, and titrate again
g
until the faint p
pink
colour is no longer affected by boiling
record the volume of HCl used and calculate the
normality
lit

Preparation and Standardization

of 1 N HCl Solution
procedure
p

end
d point
i t
(faint pink)

Preparation and Standardization

of 1 N HCl Solution
calculations
HCl

Na2CO3

N :the
th normality
lit off HCl to
t be
b calculated
l l t d
V : the volume of HCl used (in mL)
wt. : thee we
w
weight
g oof sod
sodium
u ccarbonate
bo e ((in g)
eq. wt. : the equivalent weight of sodium carbonate