Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
RThree (R3)
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Prepared By:
Name I
Name II
ID # 061 000 030
Name III
ID # 061 000 030
Name IV
ID # 061 000 030
Name V
ID # 062 000 030
12/29/2009
Term paper on
RThree (R3)
Prepared For
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Course Instructor
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Group Members
Name & ID
ID # 061 000 030
Name II
Name III
Name IV
Name V
Name I
To,
Dilara Afroz Khan,
Course Instructor,
School of Business,
North South University.
Subject: Project submission of MGT 489
Dear Madam,
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Here is the report you assigned for the course MGT 489 - Strategic Management. The report
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contains business plan for a waste management and recycling organization. We have tried
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to cover all the necessary points you have asked for and can assure you, we would be
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Sincerely yours,
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thinking from strategic point of view and gain practical knowledge on the selected topic and
Name I
Name II
Name III
Name IV
Name V
ii
Executive Summary
We are a socially responsible company working to ensure minimization of waste and recycle
waste and contribute to establish a green society. We hope to generate significant revenue
by developing quality products creating a sustainable environment through reduce, reuse
and recycle.
RThree is an environment friendly manufacturing company dedicated to recycling and
converting solid wastes - plastic and metals into commercially viable products, utilizing
environmentally friendly recycling and manufacturing methods. The main product of RThree
Due to high rate of Urbanization in Bangladesh it is expected the increase of products and
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subsequent increase of waste products will increase multiply. And as a socially responsible
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company we aim to reduce the waste, reduce carbon emission and play an important role in
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educating the general mass about the benefits of using recycled products.
The potential customers of RThree are mostly the local companies who work with plastic
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and metal. We initially aim to reduce, reuse and recycle products with an aim to recover the
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Table of Contents
1.0 Profile of the Team .. 01
2.0 Company Overview .... 03
2.1 Business name and Address ... 03
2.2 Mission Statement .... 03
2.3 Vision Statement .. 03
2.4 Nature of the Business .... 03
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6.3 Facilities .. 17
6.4 Equipment and Machinery 18
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Financial Management . 35
Assumptions 35
10.2
Income Statement .. 36
10.3
10.4
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10.1
10.0
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11.0
12.0
Conclusion . 49
13.0
Bibliography . 50
vi
Name I
Deputy Director
With five years working experience in various business sectors with solid
knowledge of business handling and coordination, Name I was taken as the
Deputy Director of the Company. He is also a founding member and a
member of board of governors.
Name II
1.1
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Manager Marketing
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Name II, one of the investors and founding members of RThree Limited; she
graduated from North South University with major in marketing and took up
Name III
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Manager Operations
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Name III passed from North South University with Major in Marketing and
Finance with working experience in steel industry accepted the position of
Manager Operations. He is also a founding member of RThree Limited.
1.3
Name IV
1.0
Manager Finance
Name IV, who is also a founding member of RThree Limited, passed from
North South University with Major in Finance and with diverse work
experience in different organizations accepted the position of Manager
Finance.
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The position of Director is available and we would ask our honorable faculty
member, course instructor, MGT 489, Ms. Dilara Afroz Khan to take up the
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1.4
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2.1
Mission Statement
We are a socially responsible company working to ensure minimization of
waste and recycle waste and contribute to establish a green society.
2.2
Vision Statement
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2.0
Start operation in all six divisions and export recycles plastic and
metal.
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Percent of
Urban
Population
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1819773
2640726
6273602
13535963
20872204
28808477
78440000
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1951
1961
1974
1981
1991
2001
2025*
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Year
Total Urban
Population
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3.0
4.33
5.19
8.78
15.54
20.15
23.39
40.00
Average
Annual
Growth Rate
(%)
1.69
3.75
6.62
10.63
5.43
3.27
-
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The following chart shows the growth of plastic waste in DCC area
Apart from food or organic waste, plastic waste ranks top among all other
types of waste that are produced daily in the Dhaka City. The following pie
chart shows the average composition of solid wastes in Dhaka City
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The entry barrier is low since the government is encouraging companies from
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for the matter. The Dhaka Corporation currently does not have any unit to
manage solid waste and there is a high possibility of getting subsidiary from
the government. According to the Dhaka City Corporation website:
3.0
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Core Competence
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3.1
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local companies.
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RThree specializes in recycling and converting solid wastes into safe products
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the industry are recycling, utilizing the energy generated during processing
Industry SWOT
3.2
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Strength
Quality product
Competitive price,
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Government support,
Weakness
Opportunities
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Political condition
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Threats
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PEST analysis:
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Competitive Advantage
RThree Plastics' competitive advantage is the support from the government
and the experienced management team of RThree Limited.
As a big part of our raw material will be collected from Dhaka City
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process slow and clogged. So RThree Ltd. must ensure that suppliers
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3.4
Identifying and managing the cost drivers as these are the factors that
affect the competency as well the companys overall health.
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Potential Customers
The potential customers of RThree are mostly the local companies who work
with plastic and metal. There are several mineral water companies along with
the beverage industry who will be our target and potential customer.
Besides, there is a high demand of different types of plastic among the plastic
furniture companies and the companies who make daily necessities. Initially
we will be focusing on the beverage and food industry that use plastic and
Worldwide the total market demand for PET plastic is reported as 1.2 billion
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pounds per year. Since only 800 million pounds are processed in the USA,
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consumers are forced to look at wide spec virgin PET (virgin resin that is
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outside of spec but still usable) which is normally sold at a discount to virgin
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prices, but still higher than recycled (RPET) pricing. In future we would also
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The current pricing for virgin resin is BDT0.65-0.73 per lb. and BDT0.42-.53 for
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RPET flake. The spread between the two has traditionally been maintained at
approximately BDT 0.20 per lb.
Beside PET resin, PET Film & Sheet has a total reported market of extruded
film and sheet is 872 million pounds, of which identified industry usage of
4.0
RPET is 160 million pounds. The reported market demand (to replace virgin
PS, PVC and PET) if RPET was available is estimated at 1 billion pounds.
Current pricing for RPET sheet is BDT0.70-0.79 per lb.
4.1
Bashabo: 8*
Siddeshari: 9*
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RThree
Limited
Profitability
Dhaka City
Corporation
Waste
Concern
4.2
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Technology
4.3
Product Forecast
We will try to increase the rate of recycling so that we can develop the other
solutions to the solid waste problem. Since the population is increasing day
by day so they will be consuming more. If they consume more then there will
be more waste so waste management will be needed. As days will pass we
forecasting that we will not face that much problem in future in collecting the
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Control
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Currently there is no local cleaning and refining facility converting the waste
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and re- manufacture this. Moreover, at the beginning stage we will be only
collecting the waste form the Dhaka city corporation and intermediaries form
Dhaka who will collect waste only form Dhaka city. But we want to collect
waste from other parts of Bangladesh also. Initially we will not be able to do
so because if we do this then we will have higher cost of operation because
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waste. And time to time we will adapt new technologies and ways to recycle
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increase efficiency.
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5.1
5.0
Increase revenue.
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Future Competencies
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The future competencies that RThree Limited hopes to achieve will include
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creation of a network to collect waste from door to door and diversify the
6.2
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Products/Service Overview
6.0
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Facilities
Location
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Our factory will be in Tongi, because this is an industrial area and the land
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price is comparatively lower than the main Dhaka city. Because of the
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location we will have advantage in collecting the waste and selling our
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products to our customers. We can collect the waste not only from Dhaka
city but also from other adjacent areas, so we will have sufficient amount
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are established over there. So after selling the product we can deliver the
products to the door step of our customers at a lower transportation cost
and we will be able to deliver the products quickly. Because we will be
6.3
be their first choice from where they will buy their raw materials. Because
it will lower down their inventory ratio and increase their inventory
turnover ratio. This is how we will create value in our company and we
will create our loyal customers who will help us to grow in future.
Building
The RThree Limited owned facilities include a building of 40,000 S.F. of
manufacturing and warehouse space with 100% sprinkler system
coverage and SONITROL fire and intruder detection system and
refrigerated material storage located in Tongi Industrial Area.
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machine in a proper way so that the machine will not be hampered. At the
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end of the day the machine will be lasting long and we will not need to repair
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equipment or any parts then they will give us at a lower price than the
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Though the machine is going to be purchased from China and the price is
going to be comparatively lower than the Italian company, our machine and
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equipments total price is very high. We hope our government will reduce the
tax and the import tariff for importing these heavy industrial machine and
equipments since its a new industry and new concept in Bangladesh.
Without the government help it will cost more than the assumed price.
6.4
Production Equipment
The RThree has state of the art production equipment to produce
recycled plastic. The production equipment includes 15 Compression and
Transfer molding presses ranging from 15 tons to 300 tons capacity, 5
Solid State microwave Pre-heaters, 3 Hydraulic performers, 2 Automatic
tapping and drilling machines, 2 Vertical milling machines, and various
other manual and semi manual equipments which are flexible in nature
and can be used for multiple purposes.
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Quality Equipment
To ensure quality of the products RThree Limited uses latest equipments
such as Trimos TVD 800A digital measuring machines, Trimos TVM 6006
vertical measuring machine, Micro-Vu 600-14 optical comparator, Starret
36" x 48" laboratory grade surface plates, etc.
who will collect the waste form the individual collectors. Then these
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intermediaries will sort these waste. Then they will sell those to us. Second
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source is Dhaka City Corporation. After collecting the waste from these two
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sources one team will do final sorting and then the recycling process will
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recycle the waste, meaning we are going to use high technology so that we
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will have efficiency in production. The output will be the flakes and sheets.
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For the convenient of our customers we will make available our products in
these two types, flakes and sheets.
6.5
Suppliers:
The suppliers will provide us our raw materials meaning the sorted
out waste. We will collect these wastes from two sources. The first
type of suppliers will be those who will collect the waste form the
individual collectors. Then these suppliers will sort these waste. Then
they will sell those to us. Second source is Dhaka City Corporation.
After collecting the waste from these two sources one team will do
final sorting and then the recycling process will start.
In future we have a plan to start using waste collection concept that
developed countries use. In this concept there will be two types of
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Transportation:
After purchasing the waste from our suppliers we will need to deliver
these to our factory and to do so we will need transportation.
Basically we are going to purchase a truck which will do this important
activity. Another reason for purchasing a truck rather than hiring truck
every time is that the we will have less operation cost because this
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will be our own truck and we dont need to pay extra amount of
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money but just the gas price. And it will be counted as our fixed asset.
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By using this truck we can also deliver our finished products to our
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customers. By this we will again save some cost because this is our
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Labor supply:
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populated country. We can very easily collect the labor form the
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Before jumping into the real world, extensive research work will be carried
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Detailed plan for research would be designed and developed in order for
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6.6
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and foreign companies. Extensive research will be carried out to find new
ways to recycle and reduce production of carbon to make the operation an
environment friendly one.
Research Team:
A group of five persons will be employed for the purpose. They will be hired
on contract basis as per need of the company.
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environmental issues.
6.7
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products as their raw material and they will use it to make finished products.
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We will have a dynamic sales force, they will contact with our customers
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directly. They will influence our customers to buy our products because this is
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are going to get, we really need to make them understand about these
We know that if are going to use sales representatives then we are going to
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7.0
incur higher cost but we believe that we need to use them because our
customers will be some big companies. For example: the companies related
with providing purified water, like: MUM, FRESH. They will buy the plastic
7.0
flakes from us and by using this raw material they will produce plastic bottles.
In this industry the number of buyers is less but they buy in huge quantity
and to influence them to buy our product we need to use a dynamic sales
force. Because our product is not for mass people and only companies are
going to use our product so we have decided we will only use our sales force
to sale our product and their motive will be to increase the sales number.
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The price that we are going to charge for our products is going to be
competitive, so that we can easily convince our customers to buy our product
as their raw material. We will charge a competitive price and we will be able
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management and dynamic team will make it possible. At the current scenario
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they cost of about 25kg raw materials is BDT 3,000 and we will try to provide
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the raw materials cheaper than that (Source: Azzizul Haque Shikdar, Owner
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7.1
7.2
Distributions
After collecting our raw materials from the intermediaries and the Dhaka city
corporation we are going to recycle this waste and convert these into sheets
and flocks. Then we will be selling these according to our customer demand.
Our sales force will take the orders from our customers meaning the
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companies. Then they will place the order to the factory and then factory will
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pack the products for the customer according to our customers demand and
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then our factory will send the products to our delivery unit. Then delivery
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unit will deliver the products to the actual customer. This is how we are going
to get the order and place our product to our customers. In this process we
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are not going to use any intermediaries to place the product to our
7.3
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our products to our customers so that they will know about us, our product
and benefits of using our product. The second thing that we are going to do is
to undertake an advertising campaign for creating awareness among people
about the total recycling concept. Through this campaign we will educate
people or aware people about the benefit usage of recycled products.
When we will be promoting our products to our customers at that time our
motive will be to increase our sales. Through direct advertising we will
influence them to buy our products. Our representatives will convince them
to use our recycled products as their raw material. If we use direct promotion
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We will be using hard sell strategy meaning push strategy. Because we want
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to grow faster and by this we will not hamper the business. We will maintain
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the quality so if we follow the push strategy we will not face any problem in
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future because we have the capability to produce more and at the end of the
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convinced at that time we will start selling our products. We want to assure
the quality to them so that in future we can sell even more to them and
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Key issues
Management
The Organizational Structure of RThree is planned to be a simple and flat one.
At the top of the Management sits Director followed by Deputy Director.
Under Deputy Director there will be Manager - Operations, Manager - Human
Resource, Manager - Marketing and Manager - Finance. Deputy Mangers will
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report to Managers.
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8.0
Board of Governors
The five founders along with the Director and Deputy Director will be in the
Board of Governors. The Strategic decisions will be made by consulting with
the board of governors.
8.1
Staff requirements
RThree initially plans to recruit 17 people in different divisions and positions
for the management team. There will be a clear hierarchy which will be
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Structure
The RThree Limited is a flat organization and will have the following
organizational structure. In Functional Level there will be in Operations there
will be supervisor who will report to Deputy Manager and responsible for
ensuring the tasks are completed by the labors and in Marketing Division
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there will be Officer Sales. There will be grades to distinct between the level
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8.2
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8.3
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Delay:
The political condition is not good in Bangladesh and another problem
in this country is that, here we will need to go through huge paper
work which will consumes so much time and that may hamper us very
badly. Because of delay in starting our business we may face
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relation with the political leaders so that we can start our business as
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quickly as possible.
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The equipments and machine that we are going to use are going to be
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expensive and our labor force will not be experienced at the very
beginning so it may happen that they will hamper the machine and
equipments by using these in a wrong manner. So this is also a risk
because we will have only one machine and if the machine is
9.0
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Management Experience:
As mentioned earlier that this is a new industry and a new concept so
our management will not have the experience of handling this kind of
company. But our management team will be dynamic because it will
be full of graduated students from NORTH SOUTH UNIVERSITY (NSU)
which is a well know university which produces the world class
entrepreneurs and top level management team. We know that
experience is a vital issue and if any company has experience then
that company can do a better business than an inexperienced
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Public acceptance:
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management team.
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Competition:
Basically we will not have any direct competition from any company in
Bangladesh. But there is one company doing similar kind of business
that waste concern. Their presence in the market is ignorable. Our
indirect competitors are the suppliers who provide usual raw
materials to our customers. If they start providing the raw materials
at a lower price than us then it may happen that our customers switch
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Return on investment:
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Because this is a new industry and we are just assuming that we will
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make our desire level of profit but in reality it may not happen
because of the macro and micro environmental factors. It may
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happen that our actual return will be less than our expected return.
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Our labor force is not skilled. Because of these reasons it may happen that
our cost of operation will be higher than the producer of general raw
material for the companies who will buy these products to make their final
products. If the cost of operation in producing the products is higher than the
product unit price will be higher so ultimately our customers will hesitate to
buy from us. Our another weakness is the illiteracy rate of this country
people is very high so that they may not except the products made of
recycled raw materials. All these are our weaknesses and we can only tackle
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valuable customers.
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Tax @ 37.5%
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10.1
12, 00,000)
100 = 45 %
100 = 55 %
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Income Statement
Pro Forma Income Statement
Production payroll
5,400,000
750,000
450,000
540,000
93,750
112,500
75,000
750,000
75,000
60,000
150,000
1,106,250
1,035,000
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187,500
Gross Profit
648,000
135,000
162,000
90,000
108,000
129,600
225,000
270,000
324,000
877,500
1,053,000
1,263,600
3,622,500
4,347,000
5,216,400
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Sales commissions
2,643,750
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1,965,000
6,480,000
4,500,000
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Packaging
3,750,000
Year 5
Year 4
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3,000,000
Year 3
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Sales
Year 2
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Year 1
187,500
225,000
270,000
324,000
37,500
45,000
54,000
64,800
375,000
450,000
450,000
500,000
600,000
720,000
774,000
888,800
General
administrative
payroll
Depreciation
187,500
225,000
270,000
324,000
150,000
150,000
150,000
150,000
262,500
315,000
378,000
453,600
187,500
225,000
270,000
324,000
Sales
and
marketing expenses 150,000
Sales and marketing
30,000
payroll
Advertising
300,000
Total sales and
marketing
480,000
expenses
Office supplies
Utilities
and
150,000
150,000
210,000
150,000
Year 6
7,776,000
777,600
194,400
155,520
388,800
1,516,320
6,259,680
388,800
77,760
550,000
1,016,560
388,800
150,000
544,320
388,800
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54,000
64,800
300,000
360,000
432,000
518,400
1,125,000
1,320,000
1,554,000
1,834,800
Earnings
Before
Interest and Taxes
555,000
918,750
1,582,500
2,019,000
2,492,800
Interest
750,000
750,000
750,000
750,000
168,750
832,500
1,269,000
1,742,800
63,281
312,188
475,875
105,469
520,313
Taxes @ 37.5%
Net Income
793,125
653,550
1,089,250
77,760
622,080
2,171,760
3,071,360
750,000
2,321,360
870,510
1,450,850
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(195,000)
(195,000)
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Before
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Earnings
Taxes
750,000
37,500
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Entertainment
30,000
expenses
Plant maintenance
expenses
240,000
Net Income
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
Net Income
(500,000)
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Balance sheet
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Year 6
1,500,000
1,575,000
1,653,750
1,736,438
1,823,259
1,914,422
200,000
205,000
210,125
215,378
175,000
179,375
183,859
800,000
880,000
924,000
2,675,000
2,839,375
Assets
Current Assets
Cash
220,763
226,282
193,167
197,996
970,200
1,018,710
1,069,646
2,971,734
3,110,471
3,255,899
3,408,346
Inventory
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Assets
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Total Current
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Bank balance
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Receivables
Accounts
900,000
900,000
900,000
900,000
900,000
900,000
150,000
150,000
150,000
150,000
150,000
150,000
2,500,000
2,625,000
2,690,625
2,757,891
2,826,838
2,897,509
3,550,000
3,675,000
3,740,625
3,807,891
3,876,838
3,947,509
6,225,000
6,514,375
6,712,359
6,918,362
7,132,737
7,355,855
Land
Less: depreciation
Liabilities and
Capital
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Current Liabilities
Accounts Payable
750,000
787,500
826,875
868,219
911,630
957,211
325,000
250,000
150,000
2,000,000
1,250,000
3,118,219
2,311,630
957,211
Long term
liabilities
Bank loan
3,500,000
2,750,000
5,025,000
4,287,500
3,901,875
1,200,000
2,076,875
2,390,484
2,850,143
3,571,107
4,598,644
150,000
420,000
950,000
1,250,000
1,800,000
6,712,359
6,918,362
7,132,737
7,355,855
O
.C
-N
Capital
om
ol
le
ct
ed
Fr
Retained Earnings
:E
Paid up capital
6,225,000
6,514,375
and Capital
SU
Total liabilities
Total liabilities
4,275,000
Page | 39
Capital Budgeting
Year 0
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Year 6
555,000
918,750
1,582,500
2,019,000
2,492,800
3,071,360
346,875
574,219
989,063
1,261,875
1,558,000
1,919,600
150,000
150,000
Earnings
Before
Interest
and
Taxes
NOPAT
Add:
Depreciation
150,000
150,000
496,875
724,219
1,139,063
Less: Capital
600,000
Discounted
om
(89,719)
93,164
1,108,000
1,469,600
811,875
539,063
355,781
2,069,600
470,888
565,080
661,320
ol
le
ct
ed
WACC
1,456,514
NPV
(600,000)
1,708,000
Fr
Discounted
FCF
124,219
:E
OCF)
-N
FCF ( Capital
(103,125)
(600,000)
1,411,875
SU
expenditure
Cash Flow
spending-
150,000
.C
Operating
150,000
3.13 years
pay
back period
Page | 40
Ratio Analysis
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
0.36
3.61
2.58
0.20
2.00
1.44
Year 4
Year 5
Year 6
2.78
3.07
3.56
1.55
1.72
2.00
31%
27%
29%
-78%
31%
33%
0.48
0.58
0.67
om
Fr
-3%
ol
le
ct
ed
Return on Asset
:E
-N
SU
.C
to total assets
0.78
0.91
1.06
2%
8%
11%
15%
20%
-16.25%
4.74%
18.51%
20.87%
22.59%
22.67%
-7%
3%
12%
15%
17%
19%
Return on Equity
Equity multiplier
5.19
2.93
2.39
1.82
1.48
1.15
Page | 41
2.58 2.78
3.07
3.56
3.61
4.00
0.36
2
om
:E
Year
SU
-N
.C
2.00
Fr
In year 1, R Three has current ratio less than 1 indicating that it has more current liabilities
ol
le
ct
ed
than current assets. But after that its current ratio become 3.61, 2.58, 2.78, 3.07 and 3.56 in
the following years indicating that it will have more current assets than current liabilities in
order to meet its current obligations. It also indicates that gradually our company will attain
Page | 42
SU
Inventory
turnover ratio
.C
-N
This ratio indicates how many times the entire inventory was turned over in 1 year. From
:E
the calculation we can see that our inventory turnover ratio will be 6 in year first 2 years, 5
om
in 3rd year, 6 in 4th year, 7 in 5th year and 8 in 6th year. In year 6 inventory turnover ratio of 8
indicates that in that particular year we sold off our inventory 8 times that indicates our
ol
le
ct
ed
Fr
Page | 43
In the 1st year as we are in loss and that is why our profit margin is negative. But after that
our profit margin increases that indicates our company is becoming profitable and we are
SU
.C
:E
-N
om
The Total Asset Turnover ratio measures the turnover of all the firms assets, which includes
Fr
current and fixed assets. Here we see that our total asset turnover is increasing over years
ol
le
ct
ed
that indicate that we are generating more sales in proportion to the assets as years move on
that is a good sign for investors of our company.
1.50
1.00
0.50
-
Page | 44
20%
10%
2%
-3%
Return on Asset
2%
8%
-10%
11%
0%
8%
15%
-N
SU
.C
year
:E
From the above analysis we see that our ROA is increasing as years goes on indicating that
om
we generating more net profit from our total assets in the following years.
20%
10%
0%
Return on
Asset
11%
8%
2%
-3%
15%
20%
Return on
Asset
-3%
2%
8%
11%
15%
20%
-10%
ol
le
ct
ed
30%
Fr
Return on Asset
year
Page | 45
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
-10.00%
1
-N
SU
-20.00%
.C
Return on Equity
om
:E
year
Fr
Return on Equity
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
-10.00%
-20.00%
ol
le
ct
ed
30.00%
Return on Equity
From the above analysis we see that our ROE is increasing over years that indicate that our
company is going to give TK .474, TK .1851, TK .2087, TK .2259, TK .2267 in year 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
respectively as net profit to equity holders for their each TK invested.
Page | 46
and its effect Bangladesh is still counting its baby steps. Environmental condition is
.C
SU
The environmental pollution from waste materials especially from plastic is a big
-N
concern in Bangladesh. It has been found out that a ten-feet layer of discarded
:E
polythene bags, plastics, coconut shells, and heavy sludge created by millions of tons
ol
le
ct
ed
Fr
om
of biodegradable waste from kitchen markets cover the bed of the river Buriganga.
However dozens of female workers can be regularly found washing and drying huge
polythene sheets. They said they buy those sheets from business establishments in
Nawabpur and Mitford areas, from garment factories, and from the street urchins. If
RThree limited collects those plastic materials before it gets to others hand then the
dumping and use of contaminated plastic can be stopped which would eventually
Page | 47
ol
le
ct
ed
Fr
om
:E
-N
SU
.C
Page | 48
waste management can be the way out to provide a livelihood in the city for its
population and environment and RThree Limited is dedicated to turn waste into
.C
resources and create employment opportunity being a part of the sustainable world
ol
le
ct
ed
Fr
om
:E
-N
SU
campaign.
Page | 49
SU
.C
:E
-N
http://www.mbendi.com/indy/wste/as/bd/index.htm
Fr
om
http://www.env.go.jp/recycle/3r/en/asia/02_03-3/06.pdf
ol
le
ct
ed
2009 from
http://www.wasteconcern.org/Publication/SAARC%20Country%20Paper_Ban
glaadesh.pdf
Page | 50