HND in Civil Engineering

Unit 3: Health, Safety and Welfare for Construction and the Built
Environment

Unit / Module

Assignment title: The Application of Health , Safety & Welfare

Legislation , Regulations and Guides for Construction and the Built
Environment

Assessment

Lecturer

Major (Eng.) Vajira Edirisinghe

S. T. Leo

Student Name

ID

Date Handed Over

09/07/2016

Date Due

MT/HNDCV/07/ 133

09/07/2016

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Health, Safety and Welfare Assignment 1

International College of Business & Technology

HND in Civil Engineering

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Date:

HND in Civil Engineering

PART 01
Task 01
(A)
The given scenario is a site at a hospital which is already in function. The requirement is
to demolish a five storied building and nearby paved area which belongs to the hospital
and to restore the same as an open space for mainly amusement purposes.
As the safety officer at the highlighted site, it is important to remember that the site is a
fully functioning hospital and the doctors, patients and hundreds of visitors visit the
premises on a regular basis. Hence it is essential to cover the demolition site all around,
preventing any unauthorized person entering. The cover should be adequate enough to
prevent people entering and also to prevent any dust, residue or particles escape the
site and land on the functioning part of the hospital.
In addition, the safety banners, posters and warnings should be fixed in order to
educate and inform the laborers and the public regarding the ongoing project and to
warn about the safety when walking or travelling close to the demolition site. For an
example, the warning banners which says the laborers are at a higher location working,
the site is a demolition site and etc.
It is necessary to follow the standard safety precautions at every time and as the safety
officer, it is required to advise the laborers and the other workers to wear the safety
helmets and other safety gear at all times. Since the building is to be demolished, it is
advisable to wear the appropriate safety gear at all times. Further, the laborers and the
workers should be informed about the exact times that the explosions and demolitions
take place in order to secure and safeguard themselves. The surrounding should be
marked safe before any explosion or demolition takes place and relevant measures
have to be taken in order to prevent any particles fly to the populated areas of the
hospital premises.
Also, the schedules should be carefully managed to skip the peak times of the hospital
so that lesser number of people would be around at the time of demolition and the noise
should be minimized as much as possible due to the sensitivity of the site. The staff
should be briefed often with regards to updates, concerns, complaints and safety
measures.
When the demolition is completed and the paved area and the site is renovated, it is
necessary to keep the signs, warnings and safety barriers on in order to guide the
public. Hence, until after the job is completed, the safety officer should be vigilant for ant
drawback concerning the health and safety.

HND in Civil Engineering

(B)
When it comes to welfare facilities, the workers should be given the below services at
the site.
-

A supply of wholesome drinking water should be readily available. It could be

stored or connected to the main line. If it is stored, relevant measures should be
taken to prevent any contamination. The containers should be marked and
labelled to prevent any confusion at the site.
Rest facilities should be provided with shelter from wind/sun/rain. There should
be an adequate number of chairs/tables or rooms and the space should be
confined for resting purposes.
Toilets and washing facilities are also very critical when it comes to welfare
facilities. The workers should be given the facility for well-functioning toilets. The
sanitary facilities are considered vital when it comes to welfare. There should be
adequate number of toilets and should be clearly labelled.
Washing facilities are also important hence the cleanliness affects the health of
the staff. The washing facilities should include running water, soap, required
sinks and drainage.

(C)
Health & safety policy statement.

In the above Health and safety policy, the policy is described along with a
responsible person in order to make the policy efficient. The action and the goals are
mentioned as well so that the workers receive a better understanding.

HND in Civil Engineering

Below mentioned are the general policy statements of the Richard Building
Constructions Company.

To provide necessary control of health and safety risks arising from work
activities.
To consult with employees on matters with regards to their health and safety.
To prevent accidents and work-related illnesses.
To provide information and supervision for employees.
To maintain safety at all times.
To provide up to date training for the laborers with regards to emergencies
and first aid.
To educate the site on contingency plans and evacuation plans.

(D)
The first incident reports about a loss of a life of a scaffolder caused by the collapse
of a fragile roof. The contractor was found guilty and was fined 135,000. However,
the life of the worker was lost and hence the fine never makes up for a lost life. The
investigations reveal that the company had neglected the health and safety
precautions at the site. Hence, the worker had to pay the price in life. The second
scenario is a near miss of a collateral damage. The 80 tonne crane had toppled due
to miscommunication, narrowly missing a worker and the busy road. Although the
damage was minimal, the danger was not. The lives were put on risk and the lives
were saved by a narrow escape. The companies responsible were fined more than
50,000 all together for breaching the code of safety regulations.
It is clear that heavy penalties should be imposed when it comes to breaching the
health and safety regulations since the lives of the workers as well as the public are
at stake.

HND in Civil Engineering

PART 02
Task 01
(A)
Construction sites are very hazardous since the heavy machinery or the demolitions
or constructions as well. In order to identify the risks of hazards, one should be
vigilant at all times when in a site.
Routine checks before the site opens, when the site is at work and even after the
site closes is a must. The dangers and risks could be minimized when the routine
checks are done. Forgotten machinery, uncovered pits, switched on electricity or
even unseen leakages may be prevented when the checks are carried out.
Further, the workers must be briefed regularly and if any person seems unfit for
work, he could be given a time off. The risk of getting into a danger is higher when
the person is unwell. Since the laborers would always not admit to having illnesses,
it is important to monitor and prevent life threatening risks.
Moreover, the newly joined laborers and laborers with heavy machinery should be
watched as well.

(B)
Step 1- Identification of hazard
Step 2- Top event
Step 3- Consequences
Step 4- Hazard register
Step 5- Risk ranking
Step 6- Threats
Step 7- Barriers
Step 8- Recovery measures
Step 9- Escalation factors
Step 10- Completion of the Hazard analysis.

In order to record a hazard, the above process is used and then the analysis is
done. Once the hazard is identified the outcome and the consequences are entered.

HND in Civil Engineering

The risk is ranked with the threats. The learned output is recorded as the recovery
measures. In this way, it is easy to record, analyze and predict eminent threats at a
particular site.

(C)
I.

Two construction works would be,

Roofing a high rise building
Construction of a wall of a building
Hazards that could happen would be,

II.

People working at heights are more exposed for danger. They should
wear protective gear and the upper area of the building should be netted.
Elevated objects and moving machinery should be carefully monitored.
Sudden release or malfunction of any of them would be a cause for a
hazard.
People working at the bottom when a wall is being built is also dangerous.
The people should be warned and provided with safety gear for protection.
Handling special and heavy machinery needs knowledge and experience.
If the worker is not experienced enough or lacks knowledge, the risk of
having a hazardous situation is high.
Moving vehicles are also dangerous in a site. Due to noises of the
machinery, workers may not hear vehicles approaching and hence, the
drivers should be informed with the proper paths for transportation where
there are fewer number of hindrances.

By a risk assessment, the hazards are identified and evaluated. By using a risk
assessment, the hazards can be studied and minimized.
Below is a risk assessment created for the above mentioned construction works.

HND in Civil Engineering

(D)
1. Working at night is riskier than working in the day time. Accidents may occur
due to poor lighting, sleepiness and etc. Hence, everything should be carried
out with utmost care and awareness. The supervising officers should be of
high alert as well as the laborers. However, working at high rise locations is
still very risky at night. The workers should be very well monitored and put to
work since a small mistake would cause in greater hazards.

2. Adequate lighting should be provided in and around the site. The lighting
should cover the warning boards, safety instructions and paths.
The workers should be provided with safety gear and flash lights.
The workers who work at night should be well experienced.
The workers should be given adequate breaks and intervals so that they dont
drift away from work.

HND in Civil Engineering

The safety officer should be present at the site at all times when work is
carried out.
3. Lighting is very important since the workers might lose sight when working at
higher locations at night. Providing flash lights and safety gear minimizes the
hazard risks.
Working at night is tiring and hence, enough intervals should be given to keep
the workers on track and refreshed.
The safety warning boards and instruction boards at the site should be placed
in a visible place even at night.
The workers should be picked so that they are capable of working at night.
They should be knowledgeable and experienced so that their errors may be
lesser.
It is also important for the supervisors and the safety officer to be present at
the site even at night when the work is being done.

HND in Civil Engineering

References.

Health and Safety Executive. 2016. Construction - Site welfare construction industry health & safety. [ONLINE] Available at:
http://www.hse.gov.uk/construction/safetytopics/welfare.htm.
Introduction to Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis | CCPS. 2016.
Introduction to Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis | CCPS. [ONLINE]
Available at: http://www.aiche.org/ccps/topics/elements-processsafety/understand-hazard-risk/hazard-identification-and-riskanalysis/introduction.
Risk Assessment: OSH Answers. 2016. Risk Assessment: OSH Answers.
[ONLINE] Available at:
https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/hsprograms/risk_assessment.html.