The Korean Approach to

Smart City and Smart Government

IT & Korea

Economic revitalization is going to be propelled by a creative economy and

economic democratization. At the very heart of a creative economy lie
science technology and the IT industry (President Park Geun-hye)

IT Development of Korea
60,000

Telecommunication

Internet & Mobile

Smart
53,624

Mobile Phone

45,000
Korean
Population

Internet User

30,000

37,180
32,727
SmartPhone

Telephone Line

18,458
18,254

15,000
unit X1,000

Broadband Internet

85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
4

Network Technologies (Dec 2012)

LTE
36.4%
(Mar 2013)

Satellite
0%
xDSL
FTTH
12%
25%

HFC
27%

LTE
29%

CDMA
20%

LAN
36%

Broadband Internet

WCDMA
50%

Mobile
5

M2M Subscribers
Total

SKT

KT

LGU

2,000,000

1,500,000

1,000,000

500,000

0
2008

2009

Source: Korea Communications Commission

2010

2011

2012
6

M2M Services

Telematics
19.2%

Remote Metering
16.4%

Facility Management
13.7%

Wireless Payment(POS)
43.8%

Source: www.etnews.com

Other
6.9%

Bus Information

Smart Payment
100
95
90
85
80
2004

RFID for Food Waste

2006

2008

2010

2012

Children Safety
8

M2M Market Forecast

Solution/Service

Network

HW
26

25
20

17.4

15
11.7
10
5
Unit=
b USD 0
Source: KT

7.6
4.5
2.3
2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020
9

IoT and Smart City

What is Smart City?
City as a Platform : City enabling data
sharing and smart services across city

Smart City

Tipping Point

Korea
RFID/USN

M2M

Internet of Things
10

u-City

Why City?
City is a center of human life.
In developing countries, 13,000 cities with 200,000 population will be newly created by 2050
100
World Population
Urban Population
Urban Pop in Developing Countries

75

91.5

83%

68.3
62.9
51.9

50
34.2

25

25.3

Unit=
100 million

0
Source: UN

1960

25

7.3

1950

28%

2010

Urbanization
in Korea
3

2009

2050
12

If the cities of the past were shaped by people,

the cities of the future are likely to be shaped by ideas,
and there are a lot of competing ones
(BBC)

13

12 u-City has been built since 2005

14

Types of u-City
New City

Old City

Songdo

Pusan

Whole City

Town

Dongtan

D-cube City

City Type

Scope

15

Is u-City an answer?

u-City Operating Center

16

What to be Improved?

What is different?
little difference from

other cities

developer perspective
focus on city function
high costs and silos
little role of citizen

17

Smart City

Lessons from Experiences

Value up

Cost down

Citizen Perspective

Open Platform

Service-focused

Citizen as Sensors

Innovation-driven

Scalable approach

Data Sharing

Smart City Lab

- collaboration with other cities

19

Looking for a New Strategy

Data

Focus on

Citizen

Smart City

Service

20

Broadband Internet

m
o
C

r
e
t
pu

ubiquitous City

e
c
i
v
r

Smart City
e
S

21

One might be surprised to discover

more differences than similarities
among Smart City projects
High-tech City
Enhancing value and
attractiveness of a city
Songdo, Dubai
Smart Living and Sustainability
Enabling sustainable
economic development
Amsterdam
balanced approach
Seoul
22

Definition of Smart City

Smart City is
a City as a Platform
for Data Sharing and Smart Services across City

23

Smart City Platform

City Innovation System
(Smart City Labs within and between Cities)

Smart City

Platform

Data Sharing
(key city data like energy, traffic, water...)

Geospatial Information

Private Investment
&
Industrialization of
Smart Services

(smart map + LBS + sensor + citizen)

ICT Infrastructure

24

Smart City Architecture

Gov that thinks
(what-to-do)

Smart City & Gov3.0

e-Gov | e-Biz | e-Life | .........

t
sof

re
a
w
Mail

Web

.....

Apps

r
a
sm

re
a
tw
Talk

Sense

.....

Analyze

Data Bank
Geo-Information

Internet

Internet of Things
Internet
25

Smart Infrastructure : case of Seoul

Geospatial
Information

People

Community Mapping

Sensor

Mobile: Bus, Taxi

Fixed : Sensor + CCTV, WiFi
Spatial Data Warehouse
3D GIS (2012, 38%)
Semantic Map

GIS

Mobile

Public WiFi
WiBro (WiBro-WiFi Hybrid)
LTE

Wired

u-Seoul net (2003~ )

u-Service net (2011~
Broadband Internet

Network

26

Smart Citizen : case of Seoul

The city of Seoul declared smart life as a basic right of all citizen

Smart Literacy
Fee Wifi
Smart Device

600,000
5 min
100,000
27

Community Mapping

28

Smart Government

Korea e-Government
UN e-Gov Evaluation, 2012

City e-Gov Index, 2011

Seoul

84.74

Toronto

64.31

Madrid

63.63

Prague

61.72

Hong Kong

60.81

New York

60.49

Stockholm

60.26
30

Trust in Government

31

Government is Scientific?

Evidence-based Policy
vs

Policy-based Evidence

32

Management is doing things right;

leadership is doing the right things
33

There is nothing quite so useless, as doing

with great efficiency, something that should
not be done at all
- Peter F. Drucker -

It is better to do the right thing wrong than

the wrong thing right
- Russell L. Ackoff -

34

Government 3.0
Korea
Gov 1.0
(e-government)

Gov 2.0
(platform government)

Gov 3.0
(smart government)

concept

government that
works well

government that
opens to people

government that
thinks

goal

process innovation
(how-to-do internal)

governance innovation
(how-to-do external)

policy innovation
(what-to-do)

resource

IT system

web & app

data

35

 Open Data & Citizen Engagement

C
C

Gov3.0

..
..

G
Share

C
Engagement

Old
Government

..
..
..
..

36

 Collaboration

SNS, Teleconference

Accountability

collaboration

Performance
Management

Knowledge Base/Semantic

37

 Personalized Services
Personalized &
Customized
Services
Text

Government
(Data Analysis)

:
:
:
:

Individual
Citizen
(Life Cycle, etc)

Personalization : services based on citizen attributes and needs

Customization : ability of citizen to modify government services
38

Revitalize the Korean Economy

Creative Economy

Smart City and Gov3.0

39

Thank you!
.
Hwang, Jong-Sung, Ph.D.
Research Fellow
National Information Society Agency
hjs0199@gmail.com