Development Trade Centre in the Border Area in Sebatik Island North Kalimantan

Province
By: Eko Nugroho Putro *
* Lecturer Graduate Studies Program IPS (S-2) University of Malang Kanjuruhan
A. PRELIMINARY
Border area covers land and sea borders, including the outermost small islands.
Understanding the border area, according to Law 26/2007 and PP 26/2008 is regencies /
cities that are geographically and demographically directly borders with neighboring
countries or seas. Similarly, according to Law 43/2008, border area is part of the territory
which lies on the side of the borders of Indonesia and other countries. In the case of state
borders on land, the border area is located in the district who deal directly with neighboring
countries.
Under Law 26 of 2007 (Spatial), the border region is a strategic area of the corner
of the defense and security priority spatial arrangement. Development of border areas is
done by changing the policy direction of orientation to the (inward looking) as the area of
defense, becoming outward (outward looking), which put the border region as the region's
defense and to boost economic activity. Border area actually has a very vital and strategic,
both in defense and security standpoint, and in the viewpoint of economic, social, and
cultural.
While in Law No. 17 Year 2007 on the National Long-Term Development Plan for
2005-2025 which confirms the orientation of the development of the border region from
becoming inward looking outward looking as the gate of economy and trade. Including the
welfare approach to pulaupulau in the border region. It was also stated that the sovereignty
and state security in the future include increased performance of integrated defense and
security in the region.
Development of border areas by combining the two approaches as complementary
units. Unit district / city border point on the aspect of economic development which covers
a larger area and borderless with orientation as a growth center and the surrounding area
are centered on 26 PKSN (National Strategic Activity Center). While the unit districts in
the border belt is directed at strengthening the defense, security and welfare of the
community that is supported by the development of infrastructure and basic social

infrastructure and community empowerment that focuses on border districts in 38 districts /

cities priority.
Sebatik Island is located at 03 15'00 "N and 155 33'00" latitude and 4 09'24.9
"N, 117 47'45.1" BT. The total area of the island is approximately 24.6 thousand hectares,
directly adjacent to the East Malaysia state (Tawau, Sabah) and is located at the northern
tip of Borneo island. The island is divided into two, namely in the northern region of
approximately 187.2 km2, belongs to Malaysia, while the southern region covering an area
of 246 km2 are owned by Indonesia. Most of the marketing of agricultural products (such
as fish, palm oil, cocoa, bananas) were made public is to the neighboring countries, namely
Malaysia. So that the local economy in this region is very dependent on Malaysia,
especially to Tawau. Instead most of the daily needs of people Sebatik purchased from
Tawau, Malaysia.
Results of the research Center for Enterprise Social Welfare (Research UKS, 2005)
mentions that various social problems facing Nunukan district as a region bordering
Malaysia, among others: still terisolirnya number of people living in rural and border areas,
making it difficult or far away from the touch of the development program ; still the
presence of small islands in the district Nunukan untapped or not have a name; and low
standards of living, especially when compared with the standard of living of Malaysians on
the border. Cultural differences in each community will affect the outlook on things.
Differences actions and behavior in response to the same object can cause a problem
between one community to another community, and this is a result of the social problems
that manifest as an act of culture. Therefore, the general welfare of each community will be
different, as well as the definition of the welfare and social issues. According to the
concept of socio-cultural, social problems can only be identified by a community
perspective, which is how the community gives meaning to the symptoms that there is a
social problem or not. Thus, social problems in a particular community is not necessarily
regarded as a social problem by other communities (Rudito, 2003).
B. METHOD
Starting the research results of Abdul Rahim and Muszafarshah (2010), which
examines the problems of the border between Thailand and Malaysia with a focus on the
border of Bukit Kayu Hitam-Sadao. Besides other researchers also conducted a study on
the subject of border between Thailand and Malaysia, economic activity in the border

region in Indonesia and Malaysia were examined by Husnaidi (2006) Dendy (2009), Nurul,
Lau and Shazali (2004), Robert (2004), Kasim and Mori (2008), Ramli and Ahmad (2007),
Yekti (tt). Thirunaukarasu, Evelyn and Sivachandralingam (2013), Abd Hair Awang et
al. (2013), Noor Rahmah (2012), Endi and Ratnawati (2012), Saru (2012), Ramli Dollah
and Ahmad (2007), CB Herman (2007) and Abdul Rahim et al. (2013).
In the study more aspects of assessing the development potential in the region
adjoining the border with neighboring countries to improve economic pertubuhan each
region is still low, especially in the border regions where objekt security and defense in the
border region is more advanced than the construction.
The basis of writing this article is more descriptive with qualitative approach. The
technique used to obtain data and facts in the context of the discussion of the problem in
this paper is the use of library research(library research) in the form of books, literature,
dictionaries, articles in magazines, scientific journals, bulletins and documentation for the
management of borders may be obtained from internet access. For technical data analysis
techniques used in qualitative data analysis is an analysis describing a problem based on
the facts available. To then collated into units of categories and the final step is to interpret
or give meaning to data that researchers are careful. in this article the author tried to
describe the "Development of Trade Centre in the Border Area in North Kalimantan
Province Sebatik Island"
C. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Border region is a manifestation of the sovereign territory of a state. The handling
of the border issue as long as it does not fix the optimal and less integrated, and often occur
conflicts of interest between the various parties, both horizontally, sectoral and vertical.
and more concern about the state of society the state border areas, such as the escape of
attention. An example is the border region in Indonesia precisely in the province of North
Borneo Nunukan regency especially in Pulau Sebatik the socio-economic development is
not adequate when compared with the development in the border regions neighboring
Malaysia, exactly, directly adjacent to the Sebatik namely Tawau.
1. Overview Sebatik Island
Sebatik Island is one of the islands in the province of North Borneo which is the
furthest north. The island is divided into two parts, namely the southern part of the
territory of the Republic of Indonesia and the northern part of the territory of East

Malaysia (Sabah). Sebatik Island since 2006 divided into two sub-districts and subdistrict Sebatik Sebatik West, administratively part of the territory of Nunukan,
Nunukan capitalized on the island of Nunukan. Sebatik strait that separates the island
of Nunukan and Pulau Sebatik width of approximately 3 to 4 kilometers.
Sebatik Indonesia initially consists of two main village, the Village Setabu and
Pancang River Village. The development of River Village area Pancang relatively
more advanced than Setabu village. This is because the river Pancang have easier
access to neighboring countries (Malaysia). Meanwhile, Setabu village that is located
in the western part facing Nunukan Island and Mainland Kalimantan, has a transport
infrastructure to Nunukan or mainland Borneo relatively inadequate. Therefore, in
terms of the progress of the Village area Setabu become slower.
Subdistrict Sebatik West, based in the village of Setabu consists of four villages,
namely Setabu, Village Binalawan, Bunyu Liang village, and the village of Aji Kuning
(located adjacent to East Malaysia). Aji Kuning village is adjacent to the village of
River Stake (Sebatik East), and therefore the village is a village in the West Sebatik
including the most advanced. Subdistrict East Sebatik, originally a parent Pancang
River Village consists of four villages, namely Tanjung Karang, Pancang River,
Mosquito River, and the village of Tanjung Aru.
Subdistrict Sebatik have economic activities are more developed and dynamic
compared to other districts in Nunukan. After residing in the District Nunukan
Nunukan Island Nunukan as the central government, Sub Sebatik grown to become the
next economic growth center in the district. Financial institutions to facilitate citizen
Sebatik economic dynamics also appear with the presence of two (2) state banks,
namely Bank Rakyat Indonesia and Bank Negara Indonesia and the Office of Pawn. In
addition, District Sebatik is equipped with three (3) units star hotel, two (2) units of
lodging, 1 (one) unit mini market, 20 units of the restaurant, 15 units of shop / diner,
130 units store / grocery (Bappeda Nunukan, 2010: 85), and one (unit) public refueling
stations (gas stations). (Robert Siburian, 2012)
2. The problems in the border area Sebatik Island
Problems faced by the North Kalimantan province, especially areas in the border
region on the island of Sebatik is the lag problem, Infrastructure Limitations Issues,
Problems and Sources of Social Welfare pontensi. (Sutaat, 2006). besides the problems
low level of economic society that contributes to the high levels of inequality area than

the border region Neighbors, limited facilities and basic infrastructure, transportation
and telecommunications impact on the low level of accessibility as well as isolation
from the surrounding region, economic globalization and the free trade system causing
product local-product are less able to compete with the products of other regions., the
degree of health, education and skills of the general population is low, regional
divisions have not been followed by infrastructure support as well as officials, prone to
disintegration and theft of natural resources which have an impact on the ecosystem
damage nature and biodiversity loss, in danger of being reduced area of the Unitary
Republic of Indonesia. (M. Tarno Seman and Sumanto, 2005).
Many of the factors that make socio-economic development in the border
regions of Indonesia in Sebatik not fast-growing development in the border region of
the neighboring country of Malaysia in the state of Tawau. Factors such as human
resources, geographical location and the policies taken by the government which then
just be an implementation without an actual practice are the things that really make a
socio-economic development in the border areas of Indonesia continued to lag behind
with these neighboring countries. From the human resources factor, it can be seen that
the people in the border region is still less of a sense of nationalism that they have and
the less education so that they can easily get influences from outside. It can be seen
from what they do everyday like it, they would have preferred if it had to shop for
basic needs or perform most of their activities like school, do business and to get the
health services in the territory of neighboring countries rather than having to do it in
their own territory. (Ary Setiawan, 2013).
3. Strategic Aspects
Given Malaysia also started concentrating on the border with us Sebatik Island
(Malaysia) which is adjacent to the planned used Tawau Border Trade Centre. He is as
one of the strategies for economic membangunk border Tawau-Nunukan continuing
flood of products and chain of economic activity. Border Trade Center included CIQ
will be built in Tanjung Arang, Pulau Sebatik (Malaysia) with a breadth of 100
hectares. Sebatik Island (Indonesia), Border Trade Center being built in Lamijung.
Tanjung Arang-Lamijung is an active weekend with border trade because Nunukan has
a market share of population with a population of around 150,000 people and is a get
passes to Tarakan, Celebes and Java (Muammar, 2006)

In March 2007, the Kingdom of the Royal Malaysia Tawau serve as planning a
free trade zone because its strategic position in the trade Antarabangsa and adjacent to
East Kalimantan and South Philippines (Tawau To Be Made, 2007). With respect, it
has the potential to be awakened as Tawau trade hab Antarabangsa Malaysia-Indonesia
border berikutan embodiment reserve a free trade zone (Tawau Potentially So, 2012).
4. Development Trade Centre in Pulau Sebatik
BAPPENAS offers 5 models of the development of border regions that can be a
reference (Bappenas, 2003), namely: First, Model Growth Center; Application of this
model requires the enactment advance a strategic location as the center of regional
economic activity, so the implications for the development of some special areas, with
various incentive facilities / infrastructure support, financing, institutional and human
resources. Some of the special features that are required border controls (PPLB), the
bonded zone, industrial areas, welcome plaza and residential areas. Provision of some
specialized regional facilities was based on the theory of gravitation developed by
Carey and Ravenstein (Robinson Tarin, 2009); predictable magnitude of the potential
attractiveness of a region, so as to attract sectors / activities for entry into the region.
The appeal of potential can occur due to natural factors (given) and made factors, so
that from the aspect of regional planning in connection with the application of growth
centers, the determination of the growth area has taken into account the availability of
the economic potential and the existence of the facilities that exist today, for further
development provision of facilities for special area.
Second, Model Transito; the application of this model does not require the
provision

of

special

facilities

are

quite

complex

region

as

well

as

model of growth centers, except PPLB facilities. Given that the area in question only
as transit traffic movement of people between countries. The intensity of the traffic
movement between countries fairly high chance for the provision of facilities welcome
plaza.
Third, Model Station Travel Research and Environment; If a region has the
potential of natural resources in the form of the natural beauty of the exotic flora, the
beauty of the challenging environment adventurous spirit (ovunturir), endimik local
fauna and typical local ethnic culture, it is a great opportunity to apply this model.
Consequently

there

is

necessity

to

complement

biology

research

facility (research station), primarily outdoor and culture blend with the settlements and
the locals. Another facility is the tourist area of the environment, with the
determination of attractions that can be reached; using the routes of travel that ensures
the safety of tourists, besides the availability of lodging facilities for tourists. Lastly, a
facility PPLB. Application of this model is more effective, if there are facilities /
transportation infrastructure connected between nations.
Fourth, Model Agropolitan; The implementation of this model is preceded by an
agreement between countries to take advantage of cross-country farmland. Agropolitan
implement a management system in an area that has been designated as centers of
economic growth based on agriculture (agribusiness / agro-industry). In accordance
with

the

theory

of

gravity,

then

the

development

of

growth

centers (Agropolitan) would promote the development of agricultural activities in the

surrounding area(hinterland), either; (a) Sub upstream agribusiness sector; include the
provision of nursery, agricultural equipment and machinery as well as fertilizers,
pesticides, and drugs / vaccines livestock; (b) Sub downstream agribusiness sector; in
the form of agricultural processing industry and trading business; and (c) sub-sectors
of farming, cover crops, horticulture, plantation, fishery, animal husbandry and
forestry.
Similarly, other related sectors (off farm agribusiness) in the region will also
experience growth, such as credit and freight business. Availability of major facilities
such as transport infrastructure is necessary, to create connectivity between regions
Agropolitan with its hinterland.
Fifth, Sea Border Region; This model is made up of clusters of economic
activities which take advantage of the potential availability of marine and coastal
resources in the vicinity as a region of excellence, so that the facilities needed facilities
oriented to meet the preservation and processing of aquaculture / coastal (aquaculture)
economic value. Facilities that should be provided is bonded zones, industrial zones,
regional aquaculture and coastal resorts, including PPLB.
The question is; of the five above development model, which model is relevant
for application in the region (sub-district) border Nunukan, particularly in Sebatik
Island; in line with BNPP plan that sets Sebatik as agro-industrial development areas
and maritime services.

Sebatik originally comprised only two sub-district administrative regions,

namely Sub Sebatik and Sebatik West; Currently, based on the result of the expansion,
already a five districts, namely Sebatik, Central Sebatik, Sebatik West, Sebatik East
and North Sebatik. From the aspect of governance, particularly the number of existing
sub-district, the opportunity to be upgraded Sebatik become the "City" is made
possible, in the hope that the future completeness urban infrastructure should be
provided, can offset the development of the city Tawao (Sabah). In line with its plan
Sebatik as agribusiness development areas and maritime services. Consequently, the
Government of Nunukan district need to fix the shortage of economic infrastructure,
social, governance and existing physical. Required financing is relatively large, in line
with the dynamics of population growth Sebatik.
Approach to the development of the trade center could do with three aspects,
namely: (CB Herman Edyanto, 2007)

Welfare approach; where the approach taken by the development of economic

activities to improve the welfare of the people in the border region.

Environment Approach; namely an approach that considers

sustainability and minimize the impact to be ditimbulkann construction activities.

Security approach, the approach that sees the border as the area immediately

environmental

adjacent to the other countries that need oversight of security to maintain the
integrity of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia
In Sebatik, its coverage area is Sei Pancang and surroundings. Understanding
"and surrounding areas" can be translated including the District 4 more, given the
current in Sebatik there are 5 districts, where Sei Stake is the capital district of North
Sebatik. Heading across the border in Nunukan-Tawao which is currently quite intense
utilization by the population, especially the workers who will be heading the Malaysia
region other through Tawao, need to be assessed where the coverage area of its (area
of acces), because it is associated with the provision BTA 1970, the area is enforceable
provision of cross-border trade, which with a population of 65 881 people (2010
census) will have a major impact on the accumulative value of cross-border trade.
While the supply of processed goods production in the country (national), in particular
of basic commodities to Nunukan relatively smooth, so that the utilization of crossborder trade is more prominent commercial elements, dibandinghkan with the true
nature of BTA enacted provisions, which help local people meet their basic needs.

Increasing the value of cross-border trade through Nunukan PLB-Tawao, in line with
population growth in Nunukan and surrounding area is a necessity; In fact, it is
possible that the value of trade should have been categorized as import, so naturally
treated as free trade across borders.
D. CONCLUSION
Development of trade centers in North Kalimantan Province Sebatik Island is an
answer to the problems in the border region, especially in Sebatik Island. By making
Sebatik Island as a center of trade, the economic activities will increase, and of course
forcing all parties, especially the Central Government and Local Government to improve to
do all that is necessary in order to stimulate the advancement of people's lives Sebatik,
efforts are needed to repair and improve existing infrastructure, especially educational
facilities, communications, and transportation / communications in the islands and between
islands. Expected by easy access to education and transport / communications for the
population will have an impact on the improvement of living standards and social welfare.
Further research is needed on the development of the trade center in the Border
Area in Sebatik Island North Kalimantan province, so that in the policy making can be
more accurate and comprehensive.