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Director of the Truth and Memory Program, ICTJ

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f.drejqjka iy wmrdOlrejka isk iy jvd;a
myiqfjka kS;sh n,d;aul l< yels" foaYSh ugfuka
nj cd;Hka;r kS;sh ms<s.kS' ;jo" jkaos .ekS" i;Hh
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ixl%dka;s hqla;s l%shdud.hka iajNdjfhkau foaYSh
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ixl%dka;s hqla;sfhys m%;sm;a;s ksudKh iy lsh
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WodyrKhla f,i tlai;a cd;Ska fj;ska ;dlaIKsl
fhojq iy mqyqKq ,ndosh yel' ixl%dka;s hqla;s jEh
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rdcHh ;=< leue;a;la fkdue;s k fyda ixl%dka;s
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10

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thg iudc oHdj" kS;sh" ffjl mrSlaIK" ia;S%
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iy ksrka;rfhka Tjqkaf.a woyia uish hq;=h'
fYaIfhkau ixl%dka;s hqla;s m%;sm;a;s ksudKh
iy lsh
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wjYH;d .ek fYaI wjOdkhla fhduq l< hq;=h'
ixl%dka;s hqla;s hdka;%Khkays f.drejqjkag
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ixl%dka;s hqla;sh bgqlrkafka flfiao @

ixl%dka;s hqla;s lsh
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ixl%dka;s hqla;sfhys m%;sm;a;s idl,H h hq;=h' fuhska
woyia flfrkafka O ixl%dka;s hqla;s uq,amsrS tlsfkl
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iSudjqjfyd;a" th cd;Hka;r iy foaYSh mSvkh fkdu
hef W;aidyhla f,i olsh's hqla;sh i|yd f.dre jQjkag
we;s whs;Ska" jkaos f. iy kej; isfkdjk njg iy;sl
u hk fjd wduka;%Kh lsrSfuka je<lS isula f,i olsh's
tfukau fpdaokd bosrsm;a lsrS meyeos,s ixl%dka;s hqla;s
m%;sm;a;shla u.ska W!kmQrKh fkdue;s k" th ,a,la
fyda foaYmd,ksl m<s.ekSul ,dYhla f,i f;are .kS' fuh
fYaIfhka isjkafka" th fpdaokd ,o jrolrejka
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11

ixl%dka;s hqla;s lsh

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nyq;rhla is oYl .Kkdjlg miq" cqkg
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kdhlhska fndfydafofkl= yg kvq mejrSug 1990 iy
2000 oYl ;=< wka;sfoS wdfckakdjg yelsh'

i;Hh
ixl%dka;s hqla;h
s ia:dms; lsrSug jEh lrkafka l=uk i;Hho@
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brKu iy wd.sh w;'

ldf.a i;Hho iy ia;S%mqreI iudcNdjhg ixfoS m%fYhla fhdod.ekSu

jeo.;a jkafka ukao @
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w;aoelSj,g jvd fjkia f' fuhg fya;=j jkafka" .egq u.sk"a mj;sk wiudkd;au;d
;;a;ajhka wjqiaid ldka;djkaf.a wdl iy YdrSrsl wjodku je lsrSuhs' tneka hqouh
12

.egq ia;s% mqreI iudcNdjh mok lr.;a m%pKav;ajh iy ,sx.sl m%pKav;ajh m%.=Kkh
lsrSug umdohs' ;jo" iudc ms<sfj;a |jeu iy mYapd;a .egq ikaoNhla ;=< mj;sk
oreKq wdl ;;a;ajhka fndfydag ldka;djkag tfrys m%pKav;ajh fukau .Dyia:
m%pKav;ajho je lsrSug u mdohs' imQK i;Hh ksrdjrKhlr" ia;S% mqreI iudcNdjhg
fYaI;
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iyNd.s;ajhg wkqn,oSu iy ta i|yd myiql ie,iSu l< hq;=h' fYaIfhkau ldka;djkaf.a
ld,h ms<sn| wdjial msrsjeh" Tjqkf
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fYaIfhka wdrlaId l< hq;=h'

i;Hh jeo.;ajkafka ukao @

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13

ixys\shdj i|yd moku

oeug iy W,a,x>k
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je,elaf m%n, fuj,ula
f'

ixl%dka;s hqla;h
s g i;Hh ksrdjrKh l< yelafla flfiao @
ixl%dka;s hqla;s m%;sm;a;s idudkHfhka i;Hh mejiSu iy
i;Hh fif hdka;%K msysgqug inkaO f' i;HhmejiSf ;dlaIK l%u f.dre jQ ;eke;a;df.a w;aoelS iy
l;d jia;= flfrys fhduqf' i;Hh-fif hdkA;%K i|yd
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iNdOl meku" wdosh .

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14

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wdjrKh jQ fmd iudjka

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m%fhdackj;a l%uhls' g wu;rj" kvq mejrSu mrSlaId lsrSf fuj,ula o f' m%n, f,i
j.lsj hq;a;kag ;jrg;a wmrdO isl< fkdyels nj ta u.ska ;yjqre flf' ck >d;khka"
hqo wmrdO ukqIH;ajhg tfrys wmrdO iy wfkl=;a nrm;, udkj whs;Ska W,a,x>kh lsrS
fjkqfjka kvq mejrSu cd;Hka;r kS;sh hgf;a mj;sk ne|Suls' fuu wmrdO fjkqfjka fmd
iudjka ,ndoSu kS;sfrda nj tlai;a cd;Ska iska i<lkafka f fya;=j ksidh' fmd iudjka
hkq wkd.; wmrdO fpdaokd bosrsm;a lsrSu wjysr lsrsug fyda" idmrd kvq ;Sk
a wj,x.= lsrSug
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flfiafj;;a" fjd cd;Hka;r kS;sh hgf;a wjir fkdosh yels njg rdcHhka iska je
jefhka ms<s.ekSug ,lafjs' f wkqj i;Hh ms<sn| fldIka iNd ol=Kq wms%ldfjs yer
cd;Hka;r wmrdO i|yd fmd iudjka ,ndoSfuka idudkHfhka je,fla' cd;Hka;r wmrdO
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nyqck lDDr wmrdO isjk g ish`Mu pQos;hska fjkqfjka kvq mejrSu ienekau wmyiqh'
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nekao" isrf.j,a ;=, bvlvo iSudldrs uh' ;jo w wfmalaId iys; kvq mejrSf Wmdh
ud.hkag ckaoodhlhskf
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hqla;s ls%hdj,shgu ndOd meKsh yels neks' tuksid kvq mjrkafka l=uk wmrdO i|ydo iy
l=uk j.fha jrorejka i|ydo hkak ms<sn|j kvq mejrSf Wmdh ud.hla ;sh hq;=h'
fuu Wmdh ud.h meyeos<sj ksjpkh lr fyd|ska idOdrKslrKh lr iy kso h
hq;=h' WodyrKhla f,i kvq mjrkafkl= iska fnfyka ksfhdackh jk wmrdO j,g kvq
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yel'

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.ek lsh
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ykajkafka tajd cd;sl iy cd;sl wxYhka hk folu wdjrKh lrk neks' fjdfha ixhq;sh
fndfydag Y% cd;Hka;r iy foaYSh ldh uKav,fhka iuka; f' fjd cd;Hka;r kS;sh
;kslrju fyda foaYSh kS;shg iudka;rj fhdod.kS'
15

3& cd;Hka;r wmrdO wlrKh: 1998 oS frdau wd{dmK; wkqj cd;Hka;r wmrdO Widh
msysgqjk ,os' wdrjq,a j,g inkaO wmrdO" hqo wmrdO" ukqIH;ajhg tfrys wmrdO" iy ck
>d;k j,g fnfyka j.lsj hq;= mqoa.,hskf
a .a kvq Nd. lsrSu msKsi th olaIf' YS% ,xldj
jeks rdcHhka frdau wd{dmK; iar lr fkdue;s g tlai;a cd;Skaf.a wdrlaIl uKav,h
iska b,a,S l<fyd;a" cd;Hka;r wmrdO fpdaokd .ek muKla cd;Hka;r wmrdO wlrKh
iska fidhd ne,sh yelsh' tfy;a fuh b;d l,dl=rlska isjk w;r" f jk;=re fojrla
muKla th is we;' tk iqvdkh iy ,shdj ms<sn|jh' g fya;j
= jkafka tjeks b,a,u
S la
i|yd we;s iSudj b;d by< neks' mj;sk ;;a;ajh cd;Hka;r iduh iy wdrlaIdjg
wka;rdodhS f,i oelsh hq;=h' ;jo kh iy reishdj jeks m%n, rgj,a u.ska" tlai;a cd;Skf
a .a
wdrlaIl uKav,h iska ;;a;ajh cd;Hka;r wmrdO wlrKhg fhduqlsrSf ;SrKh ksfIaO
l< yelsh'

16

cd;Hka;rh we;=`Mu ^inkaOu&

rdcH wjirh

fyda
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wjia:djla iemhSh
yel'

foaYmd,ksl
wes,s.eiS j,
wjodkula mj;S'
wmpdrhka fndfydag
cd;Hka;r wmrdO f,i
fkdj idudkH wmrdO
f,i Nd.hg .efka'
j.lSu i|yd we;s udos,s
isud iys;h'
wlrKhg ixlsK
cd;Hka;r wmrdO
uYkh ioyd
yelshdj ke;'

rch leu;s fukau yelshdj we;

ksoyi .ek
je
wjfndaOhla

wmrdO wlrKh
m%;smlaI
fuh fndfydag
fkdyels jkafka
wdrlaIl uKav,h
iuyr m%n, rgj,a
ksfIaO n,h
fhouh'
f.drejQjkag
inkaO fkdjk
foaYSh hqla;sh
.ek wjfndaOh

Y% Widh
m%;smlaI
foaYmd,k wes,s.eiS
j,g bv we;'
imQKfhka iqodk
ke;s moaO;s ;=< th
ls%hdlrhs' fuh m%udo
je lsrsug fya;= h
yelsh'

th rchg mj;sk iuyr

uQ,Huh nr wvqlrhs'
foaYh
S kvq Nd.
mlaI
m%;m
s laI
iudch inkau
iuyr g iuyr
jeh
Pkaoodhlhskaf.a
frdaOh ksid
foaymd,kuh jYfhka
l< fkdyelsh'

cd;Hka;r
mlaI
fndfyda g
fuh mj;sk
tlu
l,amh fjs'

uQ,Hh fndfydag iafPd

uQ,HdOdr u; mj;S' r
olakd nj fkdue;'

WodyrK ( lu reca wlrKh f,io ykajk ldfndacfha ECCC

1975 isg 1979 olajd fmd,afmdf.a fufyhu hgf;a lurEca md,kh ;=<"
mqoa.,hska ,shk 2 la muK >d;kh lsrSu fyda" f,vfrda." ydu;h" fyda
nf,ka .;a Y%uh ksid urKhg m;ajQy'
jir 20 lg miq ldfndacfha w.ue;s iska lurEPa md,kh hg;a isjQ
cd;Hka;r wmrdOj,g j.lsjhq;a;ka hqla;sh bosrshg f.k taug tlai;a
cd;Skaf.a iydh b,a,k ,os' tlai;a cd;Ska iy ldfndacSh rch w;r
l;sldjla wdrN h' 2006 oS UN iyh we;sj ECCC ksudKh lrk ,os'

ECCC yg lurEPa fcHIaG kdhlhska iy isl< wmrdOj,g j.lsj

hq;a;ka ms<sn|jo wlrK n,h we;' ECCC iska cd;Hka;r kS;sh fukau
ldfndacfha kS;sho fhdojhs' foaYSh ksYaphlrejka" meKs,slrejka"
kS;s{hska iy ldh uKav,h ygo cd;Hka;r m%;srEm we;'

yelshdj fkdue;

fyda

leue;a;la fkdue;slu

wlue;s fyda fkdyels

rch ;=< leue;s nj fyd yelshdj fkdue;s nj

17

jkaos f.

jkaos f. hkq fudkjdo @

m%;sIG
a dmkh Wod( ksoyi kej; ,ndoSu" ;udf.a mosx ia:dkhg kej; meKSu" /lshd
kshqla;sh kej; ,ndoSu iy foam< kej; ,ndoSu'
jkaos f. ^ydks mQrKh&: udkj whs;Ska W,a,x>kh f m%;sM,hla f,i |s w,dNh
i|yd ZZydksmQrKhZZ wruqKq lr.;a jHuh fyda uQ,H Wmldr'
mqkre;a:dmkh: Wod ( ffjoH iy udkisl /ljrKh fukau ffk;sl iy iudc fiajdjka
iEySulg m;au ( Wod( m%io
s afha iudj b,a,Su" ldrKd ms<s.ekSu iy j.lSu Ndr .ekSu"
f.drejQjka fjkqfjka wkqiaurK W;aij iy m%Yxid

jkaos .f ixjOk jevigyka

ixjOk jevigyka fhduqjkafka uq,sl NdKav ksIm
a dokh iy iemhSu flfrysh' fjdg
ish`Mu mqrjeishka yg whs;shla we;af;a Tjqka mqrjeishka u ksidfjka i brdju
f.drejQjka ksid fkdf'
jkaos f.j,g iqiql ,nkafka ljqo @
f.drejqjka: mqoa.,slj fyda iduQyslj mSvd |s wh' fuhg YdrSrsl yd udkisl ysxikhka" ;a;
fokdjka" wdl mdvq" fyda Tjqkf
a .a uq,sl whs;Ska ;on, f,i ySku" cd;Hka;r udkj
whs;Ska ;on, f,i W,a,x>kh ug ,lajk lsh
% d fyda w;ayers fyda cd;Hka;r ukqIH;aj
kS;sh m%n, f,i W,a,x>kh lsrS we;=,;a f' fhda.H g" iy foaYSh kS;shg wkql+,j
ZZf.drejQjkaZZ hk jpkhg" lsgqu mjq, fyda iDcqju f.dre jQ ;eke;a;df.ka hefmkakka
iy" mSvdjg ,lajj
Q ka yg Wmldr lsrsug fyda m;g m;aug je,elaug ueosy;a fuka
ysxidjg ,lajQ who we;=,;a fjs'

jkaos f.f jevigyka ksudKh lrkafka flfiao@

f.drejQjka yg we;sjQ imQK ydkshg jkaosf.ug rch yg ks;ru im;a fkdue;s h
yels nj cd;Hka;r kS;sh ie,ls,a,g .kS' flfia fyda jkaos f. idOdrK iy W; h
hq;=h' fuhska woyia flfrkafka jkaos f. lKavdh w;r fyda m%;s,dNSka j. w;r"
fjkiafldg ie,lSulska f;drj fnodyersh hq;= njhs' jkaos f.f iy ms<sfj, W; h
hq;=h' fuysoS O f.drejQjka kaod jQ ydksh" W,a,x>kh lsk wkaoulgo iy mq`M,a
iudcfha wjYH;d iy im;a fudkjdo hkak ie,ls,a,g .; hq;=h'
jkaos f.f jevigyka ksudKh lsrSfoS ldka;djkaf.a iy orejkaf.a wjyH;d .ek
fYaIfhka ie,lsh hq;=h' ldka;djka iy orejka uqyqKq ka W,a,x>khka fjkqfjka jkaos f.
Tjqkag fYaI;
s h hq;=h' iuyrg ldka;djka m%cdj mdol lr.;a jkaosj,g jefhka
mqoa.,sl jkaosj,g jvd leu;s h yel' ldka;djka yg f.jk jkao"s wdodh W;amdok
lsh
% dldrl i|yd l=i,;d oshqKq lsrSf mqyqKq f,i h yel' ,sx.sl m%pKav;ajhkag
f.drejQjka .ek jemqr ie,ls,au;a YajdikSh;ajh /l.ekSu iy wdrlaIdj iemhSu
fukau wmjdohg ,lafkdjk wkaof fufyhq Nd;d lsrsu wjYH fjs'

18

wkqiaurKh lsrsu
wkqiaurKh lsrsu hkq l=ulao @
fuhska i|yka flfrkafka" mqoa.,hska iy isoaka .ek isysjgk wdrlaId lr.ekSf ls%hdj,shhs'
th .=KdkqiaurKh fyda ieurSf pdrs;% yrydo" fl!;=ld.dr" iaudrl" iure bos lsrsu yrydo"
bgqlr .; yel'

wkqiaurKh wjYH ukao@

mqoa.,sl fyda m%cd ugka wkqiaurKh u.ska m%;spdr olajkafka wdhqO ikakoaO .egqula
mej;s ld,hloS fyda rdcH uevmeje;a mej;s ld,hloS cs; wysjQjka fyda mSvkhg
,lajQjka isysm;a lsrSf uq,sl ksia wjYH;djhgh'
wkqiaurKh lsrsu iudch ;=< kej; isfkdu fukau ixys|shdj fjkqfjkao ;SrKd;aul fjs'
m%:ufhka kej; isfkdu inkaO iaudrl iy isysjgk bosrslsrsu yryd uqojd yrsk,o
m%pKav;ajh iy tys uq,a fya;+ka iudch iska wu;l fkdlrk nj ikd: lrhs' th ish`Mu
mqrjeishka yg fYaIfhka wmrdOlrejka fkd fyda wmfhdackhg f.drejQjka fkd n,d
ishjQjka yg m%pv;ajfhka ;=< Tjqkaf.a N+ldj iy j.lSu .ek fufkys lsrsug wkqn,
fohs' fojkqj ixys|shdj inkaOj isys.ekaf jHdmD;s fndfydag fnKq m%cdjka w;r
inkaOl f.dvke.Sug odhl f' f wkqj m%pKav;aj ld,hka ;=< ke;sjQ w.hka u;l
ia:dk u.ska m%cdjka yryd fnodf.k ;shoS;a meiiqug ,la lrhs
wkquiaurK jHdmD;s isl< hq;af;a l=uk gloSo @ isys.ekau ^u;lhg ,la lsrSu& i|yd
m%cdjla iska f;dard .kakd isoaka iy mqoa.,hska ld,h wkqj O h yel' tfukau" l,dhf.a
wejEfuka w;S;h .ek fufkys lrk m%fjsYhlg umdohs'
wkqiaurK jHdmD;s isl< hq;f
a ;a ljqreka isko
a @
msgia;rhska iska megh fkdhq;=h' mq`M,a woyia uisulska
ksudKh flf k tajd m%cdj iska fyd|ska ms<Sf.k ta u.ska
iqjug iy ixys|shdjg odhl fjs'
isyslrkafka
l=ulao @

isyslrkafka
ldjo @

isyslrkafka
flfiao @

woyia uiS

ld,h

fyd|ska ie,iq l< u;l jHdmD;s

19

wkqiaurKh yryd ixl%dka;s hql;

a f
s hys wruqKq bgqlrkafka flfiao @
u;l jHdmD;s ixl%dka;s hqla;shg odhl ug fyda tys oshqKqjg wl=,a fy,Su islrhs' tajd
tal mdYal k u;fNaohkag ;=vq foa k" fyda wka;jdoS fyda taldm;s u;jdo meiiiSug
,lalrhs k ixys|shdfjs jEh m%udo lrhs' wkqiu
a rK jHdmD;s ;=,ska ish`Mu mdYajhkaf.a
f.drejQjka u;la lsrSug meyeos,s jEhula oersu tajd ia;s% mqreI iudcNdjh .ek yd
ixialD;sluh f,i ixfjsoS u iy wOHdmksl wruqKq idlaId;a lsrsu hk fjd iy;sl
lsrsu jeo.;a jkafka f ksidh'

20

wdh;ksl m%;i
s xialrK: mlaIdj

mlaIdj hkq l=ulao@

rdcH /lshd kshqla;sh i|yd fhda.H;dj ksKh lsrSug wjxlju we.hSu f,i mlaIdj
ksjpkh l< yelsh' cd;Hka;r kS;sh hgf;a W.% f,i udkj whs;Ska W,a,x>kh lsrsug fyda
m%n, wmrdOj,g fm!oa.,slj j.lsh hq;= rdcH /lshd kshqla;Ska" uq,slj wjxllu fkdue;s
nj fmkajd we;s neka" f u; Tjqkj
a /lshdj,ska bj;a l< yelsh'

wdh;ksl m%;i
s xialrK iy mlaIdj l=ulgo@

rdcH wdh;k .ek is,a ckhd ;=< Yajdih h:d ;;a;ajhg meK u'
udkj whs;Ska iqrlaIs; lrk iy wmlaImd;Sj uyck;djg fiajh lrk wdh;k
msysgqu yryd wkd.; wmfhdack je<elau'
ixl%kd;s hqla;s lsh
% dj,sh lsh
% d;aul lsrsu myiqlsrsu( wjxl nj iy;sl lsrsu iy
wdrlaIl iy wlrK wxYj, iajdk;ajh iy;sl lsrsu fndfydag i;Hh fif
iy kvq mejrSf mqj fldkafoais fjs'
mdl fkd,ef ysoei wduka;%Kh lsrsu( mYapd;a .egq iy mYapd;a taldm;s
ikaoNhla ;=< idmrd kvq mejrS l, yelafla iS; ixLHdjlgh' mrSlaId lsrSu
u.ska wmrdO isl< wh flfia fyda iudchg j.h hq;= nj ikd: lrhs'

bosrshg f.k hd yelafla flfiao @

1 jk l,amh ( iudf,dapk lsh
% dj,sh

2 jk l,amh ( kej; m;alsrSf lsh

% dj,sh

1 jk l,amh jkafka mj;sk wdh;kj,

idudcslhska msrslaiu
q g ,lslsrsuhs' f wdh;k
wv jYfhka fiajl msrsia fjkia yryd
l%udkql+,j m%;sixialrKh fjs'

fojk l,amh jkafka

uQ`M wdh;khu iqrejd
yer kj wdh;khla
msysgquhs'

m%:ufhka ;snQ wdh;kfha

fiajlhska kj
b,alrejka iu.
Tjqkaf.a merKs
;dkdka;r i|yd b,a
l< yelsh' f
wjia:dfjsoS msrslaiq
lsh
% dj,sh isflf'

mlaId lsrSf lsh

% dj,sh jHjia:duh iy wka;cd;l rS;sj,g wkql+, h hq;= fukau kS;suh
ia:r
s Ndjh msysgqjd foaYmd,ksl wes,s .eiS uyrjd .ekSug meyeos,s iy ksYa; h hq;=h' fmd
ck Yajdih iy;sl lsrsu msKi
s tu lsh
% dj,sh kso nka hqla; h hq;=h'
mlaId lsrSu id:l ixl%dka;shl m%n, ixhq;shla kuq;a th fndfyda wNsfhda.d;aul iy
foaYmd,ksl jYfhka ixfjsoS fjs' fYaIfhka is,a fiajlhska iy wdrlaIl fiajl msrsia
rdcldrSj,ska bj;a lsrsu wmrdO jeulg fya;= fjk;a wdrlaIl wjodk fm%arKh lsrsug
fya;=h yelsh' tneka mrSlaId lsrSf m%;sm;a;sj, ld,Sk nj iy m%udKh .ek b;d m%fjsYfuka
is;d ne,sh hq;=h'
21

Y%S ,xldj ;=< i;Hh yd hqla;sh bosrshg f.khdu

fuu miqnsus igyk ,shk ,oafoa ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh ms<sn| ixjdo ud,djka lsym
s hlg miqjh fus ;=,ska
ixl%dka;sl hqla;sfha uq,sl wxY ms<sn| jvd fyd| oelaulska yd m%Odk .eg ms<sn| jsYf
a ,aIKhla
bosrm
s ;a lrkq ,nhs fuu.ska jsl,am fldkafoais" i;Hh fijSu" kvq mejrSus jsm;g m;ajQjkag jkaos yd
uyd mrsudK wmfhdPk wdosh ms<sn| .fjsIKh lrk ,o w;r tajd kej; we;sfkdfjkak iy;sl jSula
fuu.ska isfjsfuu igyk ilia lrk ,oafoa ;sridr ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh ls%hdj,shla ksru
a dKh lsrf
s us
oS u;=jk jsl,amhka ms<sn| RPq iy wjxl l;sldjla fukau ixlSrK
a m%Yk
a .ek oekqj;a lsru
S gh

22