85TH

MEETING

ACOUSTICAL

outside to inside a building. The averagenoise level is that

called the annual community noiseequivalent level according
to now effective "Noise Regulations for California Airports";
this averageis a mean-squareA-weighted sound-pressurelevel
obtained with the noise levels existing between 7 p.m. and

SOCIETY
D4.

OF

Measurements

AMERICA

of the

Source

Characteristics

of Con-

tinuouslyRadiating Sound SourcesLocated near a Reflecting

Boundary. E. W. JAEGER,* New London Laboratory, Naval

Underwater SystemsCenter, New London, ConnecticutO6320.-Two important characteristics of continuously radiating

10 p.m. increasedby five decibelsand the noiselevelsbetween sourcesare their broad-band source levels and the spectra of
10 p.m. and 7 a.m. increasedby l0 decibels.A noisezone is their sound. But reliable determination of these characteristics,
anareaof thecitybounded
by contours
of annualcommunity for comparable results, requires anechoic surroundings. In
noiseequivalent level, at intervals of five decibels.Noise-level practice, the sound source is often located in the vicinity of
reductionis requiredby the codesuchas to limit to 45 decibels some reflecting boundary, e.g., large rotating machinery,
the averagenoise level inside a residential building due to transformers or vehicles on the ground, or large transducer
outside noise of whatever source. For calculating noise-level arrays near the bottom of the sea. Such a geometry generally
reduction from room size and construction materials, a noise causes an incorrect source level measurement and introduces
spectrumis specifiedthat is typical of aircraft and other noise perturbations in the output frequency spectrum. Theoretical
in one of the noise zones. If needed to verify compliance with
studies of these effects were done in conjunction with experithe building code, a simple test of noise-levelreduction is mental work using loudspeakersradiating sinusoidal, narrowprovidedthat can be performedwith noisegenerallyprevailing band, and broad-band signals.Examples of the contaminating
effects of boundary reflections on narrow-band-frequency
outside the building.
analysis and broad-band sound levels are shown, and procedures for correcting the results are introduced. Certain
advantageous source-microphoneconfigurations are shown to
D2. Field and Laboratory CertificationTesting for Compliance introduce only a negligible distortion in the shape of the
with the New York City Building Code. STEVENWOLF, M. J.
output spectrum.
Kodaras and Associates, 75-02 51st Avenue, Elmhurst, New
* Exchange Scientistfrom the German Ministry of Defence.
York 11373.--The
Noise Control Section of the New York
City Building Code contains specificacousticalrequirements
for indoor and outdoor mechanicalequipment servicing multiD5. Insertion Losses of Acoustic Louvers. F. H. BRITTAIN,
family dwellings. Acoustical requirements are also specified Bechtel Corporation, San Francisco, California 94119, ND C.
for partition and floor-ceiling constructionsseparating dwell- M. SLTER, Buonaccorsi and Associates, San Francisco,
ing units from each other, and from corridorsand mechanical California 94105.--Manufacturers of acoustic 1ouversusually
equipment spaces.As of 19 June 1972 the Housing and publish transmission loss data, measured in the laboratory
DevelopmentAdministration, New York City Department of according to ASTM E90-70, for their products. Since field
Buildings, issueda directire specifyingthe methods of com- conditions rarely match those specified in ASTM E90-70,
pliance with the Noise Control Section of the New York City
insertion loss data would generally be more valuable. NorBuilding Code. The methods outlined are field testing or mally, an acousticlouver is usedas an alternative to a standard
laboratory certification for Building Department approval to
louver. The data usually neededis not the insertion lossof an
obtain a certificate of occupancy. An examination of both
acoustic louver by itself, but the difference between the
methodswill be emphasizedwith selectionand application of
insertion lossof an acoustic Iouver by itself, but the difference
the most likely test method for compliance with the New between the insertion losses of an acoustic and standard
York City Building Code and other federal, state, or local louver. Octave-band measurements under field conditions of
EPA

codes.

insertion

losses for both acoustic and standard

Iouvers were

conducted. The results are presented as octave-band spectra

of insertion

D3. Interdisciplinary Design Effort to Control Building

Mechanical Equipment Noise. C. M. SALTER AND S. I.
ROSENFELD, Buonaccorsi and Associates, San Francisco,

loss for both acoustic and standard

Iouvers.

For

design purposesthe measured insertion lossesare compared

to manufacturer's

transmission

loss data.

California 94105.--When locating a governmentbuilding D6. DynamicStiffness

Testingof Neoprene
Mountings.

complexwith its requisite power generatingcapabilities in a

very quiet residential community, extensive interaction was
required between the architect, mechanical and electrical
engineers,and acousticalconsultant.The successof the design
was dependenton achievingacousticalcompatibility with the
neighborhoodconsistentwith aesthetic,legal, and budgetary
considerations.This case study is presented to highlight the
interdisciplinary effort necessaryto satisfy the various constraints imposed by the community, client, and designers.
The

maximum

noise-level

criterion

established

for the me-

chanical and electrical equipment was based on the existing

ambient, and guidelines contained in U.S. Army Manuals
TM

5-805-4

and

TM

5-805-9.

The

noise levels

of the air-

cooled chillers, transformer, and engine-generator,all located

in an outdoor equipment yard, were estimated using procedures elucidated in the Army manuals. This information
was augmented by acoustic field measurements of similar
equipment, plus manufacturers' SPL and power-level data.
The noise-control treatments required to achieve the aforementioned

acoustic

criterion

and their

individual

costs are

discussedalong with a descriptionof the engineeringmodifications to the equipment.

STEVEN WOLF, .l1.J. Kodaras and Associates, 75-02 51st

Avenue, Elmhurst, New York 11373.Neoprene mountings are
primarily usedfor vibration isolation of mechanicalequipment
and floating floor constructions.The compositionof a neoprene
mounting has a direct influenceon its ability to reduce vibration transmissionand attain a specific natural frequency for
vibration

isolation.

The

standard

characteristic

of

static

loading is not the only parameter for selecting a neoprene

mounting. Dynamic stiffness [static deflection/dynamic deflectionJ is more useful. We have tested two sets of neoprene
mountings30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 durometer each. The
results of our tests indicated

that the amount

of carbon black

and the chemical composition of the neoprene had a direct

bearing on the change in the dynamic stiffness.
D7. Reverberation and Sound Intensification under a Large
Outdoor Dome. A. J. CAMPANELLA,A CCULAB Consulting
Service, Columbus, Ohio 43220.--Modern architectual structures occasionally produce unique acoustical qualities--per-

hapsunintentionally. A 30-ft 'domeof sphericalshapecovering

a drive-in bank was found to reinforce vehicular noise, thus

interfering with patron transaction communications. The

The Journalof the AcousticalSocietyof America

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