Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
KRATON Polymers
for Modification of Thermoplastics
TM
Leading by Listening
KRATONTM Polymers
for Modification of Thermoplastics
Introduction
KRATON Polymers are a class of elastomers useable without vulcanization. They are
block copolymers with hard polystyrene segments combined with soft elastomeric
segments.
KRATON Polymers can be blended with many plastics, such as styrenics,
polyolefins and engineering thermoplastics to improve their performance, particularly their
impact properties. KRATON Polymers can toughen such plastics both at room and low temperatures. They can help to make dissimilar plastics compatible, bringing out the best in
each. They can also increase the impact performance of scrap and regrind materials. With
the right grade of KRATON Polymers, toughening or compatibilization can be achieved
efficiently while retaining high heat resistance, good processability, good weatherability,
and in certain cases, clarity.
KRATON Polymers can also be interpolymerized during the manufacturing process of
some plastics, producing controlled polymer particles for impact resistance.
New grades of KRATON Polymers are continually being developed to meet the demand
for rubber-modified plastics with improved performance characteristics.
Structure
KRATON Polymers consist of block segments of styrene monomer units and rubber monomer
units. The most common structure is the linear A-B-A block type (styrene-rubber-styrene).
Other possibilities include branched (A-B )n types (styrene-rubber) n and diblocks
A-B (styrene-rubber). Commercial products also include combinations of these types.
These block copolymers form a two-phase system the polystyrene and elastomeric
blocks are thermodynamically incompatible. In KRATON Polymer compositions, the polystyrene blocks form hard domains within the elastomer matrix and act as physical
crosslinks between them. During processing, in the presence of heat and shear or solvent,
the polystyrene domains soften and permit flow. After cooling or solvent evaporation, the
polystyrene domains reform and harden, locking the polymer network in place again.
The physical crosslinking and reinforcing effect give KRATON Polymers their high tensile
strength while the polymer block provides elasticity. And since the physical crosslinking is
reversible, scrap KRATON Polymers may be reprocessed.
These block structures are produced by anionic polymerization. This process allows the
formation of pure blocks with no tapering. Pure polymer blocks allow all of the polymer
segment to be used for toughening. They can also afford a high degree of domain integrity,
which in turn can yield very high strain properties.
With anionic polymerization, precise control over the molecular weight (MW) and molecular weight distribution (MWD) of KRATON Polymers is possible. MWD, for example, is
extremely narrow (Mw/MnI). As a result, KRATON Polymers may be tailored to the
demanding requirements of specific applications and can perform the same time and again.
1
Branched
Diblock
styrene
rubber
styrene
Triblock
D1101
D1102
D1118
D1184
D1401P*
D4141
D4150
D4158
SBS
SBS
SB
(SB)n
SBS
SBS
Linear
Linear
Diblock2
(SB)n
Branched
Branched
Linear
Linear
(SB)n
Branched
Medium
Medium/
Low
Medium3
High
High
Medium3
Medium3
High4
31/69
28/72
30/70
30/70
75/25
31/69
31/69
30/70
29
33
33
-80
-80
-80
-80
-80
-80
-80
-80
PP or GP
PP
PP or GP
PP or GP
DP
PP or GP
PP
PP
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
1. SBS denotes styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer, "(SB)" and "(SB)n" denote styrene-butadiene
5. Measured by Rheovibron
7.
4.
These KRATON Polymers products can find use under certain FDA regulations as articles or
ingredients in articles intended for food contact. FDA clearances vary from one grade to
another. For specific clearances, letters of certification will be provided upon request.
Property
Composition2
G1657
G17011
G1702
G1726
G1730
SEBS
SEBS
SEBS
SEBS
SEP
SEP
SEBS
SEPSEP
Triblock
Triblock
Triblock
Triblock3
Diblock
Diblock
Diblock4
Tetrablock
Medium/Low5
High
Low
Medium/
High
Medium/
Low
High
High
Low6
Medium
29/71
32/68
29/71
31/69
13/87
37/63
28/72
30/70
22/78
Oil Content, %w
Glass Transition Temperature7
of Polymer Block, C
FDA8
G16541
SEBS
Styrene/Rubber Ratio
Physical Form
G16521
Triblock
Predominant Architecture
Relative MW of Triblock
(except in case of Diblock
for G1701 and G1702)
G16511
-42
-42
-42
-42
-42
-50
-50
-42
-50
Powder
Powder
Powder
Powder
Pellet
Powder
Powder
Pellet
Pellet
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
limited 9
limited 9
yes
limited 9
1. KRATON G Polymer grades manufactured in France are labeled with an "E" for standard
grades and "ES" for grades dusted with silica, for distribution in Europe, Africa and Asia Pacific.
2. SEBS denotes styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene block copolymer; SEP
Measured by Rheovibron
8. These KRATON Polymers products can find use under certain FDA regulations as articles or
ingredients in articles intended for food contact. FDA clearances vary from one grade to
another. For specific clearances, letters of certification will be provided upon request.
9.
FG1901*
FG1924X*
Composition1
Funct. SEBS
Funct. SEBS
Predominant Architecture
Relative MW of Triblock
Triblock
Triblock
Low
Medium
Styrene/Rubber Ratio
28/72
13/87
Functionality, %w Bound
22
Oil Content, %w
-42
-40
Pellet
Pellet
yes
yes
KRATON Polymers
Grade Selection
The selection of a particular grade of KRATON Polymers depends on both the plastic to
be toughened and the blends final application. The most important property of the chosen
KRATON Polymer is its compatibility with the plastic to be toughened. KRATON Polymers
styrene blocks can be used to impact modify styrenics and polyphenylene ethers (PPE).
KRATON Polymers can also be used to toughen polyolefins which have varying degrees
of compatibility with the rubber block of KRATON Polymers.
It has also been found that KRATON G Polymers with high polystyrene molecular weight
blocks can lead to improved impact resistance in polycarbonate without severe delamination of the polymer. However, for most polar engineering thermoplastics, conventional
KRATON Polymers are not sufficiently compatible for effective toughening. For this reason,
we have developed functionalized KRATON Polymers combining the attributes of conventional KRATON Polymers plus improved compatibility with polar engineering thermoplastics, such as polyamides (nylons) and polyesters. These polymers are the KRATON FG
series, including FG1901 and FG1924X.
Besides compatibility, there are several other considerations to be made when choosing
a particular grade of KRATON Polymers:
In many systems the higher MW KRATON Polymers are more efficient impact modifiers,
but they are typically more difficult to process and lead to a lower melt flow in the
final blend.
The addition of diblock polymer to triblock polymer may lead to easier processability,
but it may be less efficient in toughening specific systems.
KRATON G Polymers, with saturated rubber blocks, should be used in applications
which involve high temperature processing or which demand a high level of heat
aging resistance or weatherability. Except in special cases, KRATON D Polymers
are limited to systems that process below 230 C.
Toughness/Stiffness Balance
of Blends of KRATON
D1101 Polymer and HIPS
( ) = % W KRATON D1101 Polymer
7
1/4" IZOD, FT-LB/INCH
Figure 1.
(25%)
(30%)
6
5
(20%)
(15%)
(10%)
(5%)
HIPS
1
0
150
200
250
300
350
100
90
90
90
KRATON D1102
10
KRATON D1101
10
KRATON D1184
10
@ 23 C ft-lb/in (J/m)
1.6 (85)
2.3 (125)
2.9 (155)
3.2 (170)
310 (2.1)
281 (1.9)
256 (1.8)
255 (1.8)
Properties
1/8 (3.2 mm) Notched Izod,
100
70
40
40
Crystal PS
30
60
60
KRATON D1101
15
KRATON D1102
15
1.1 (59)
1.15 (61)
1.75 (93)
0.95 (51)
297 (2.0)
305 (2.1)
297 (2.0)
341 (2.4)
14
14
33
38
Properties
Notched Izod, ft-lb/in (J/m)
15
14
12
17
Softening Point, C
84
87
94
93
MI=16
5900 (40.7)
5880 (40.5)
6.2
5.7
360 (24.8)
360 (24.8)
0.33 (17.6)
0.31 (16.5)
4.6
4.9
Tensile Properties
Tensile Strength, psi (MPa)
Elongation at Break, %
Flexural Properties
Flex Modulus, Mpsi (GPa)
Impact Properties
1/8 Notched Izod, ft-lb/in (J/m)
Optical Properties
Haze, ASTM D1003, %
100
90
75
50
10
25
50
0.95 (50.7)
2.1 (112)
7.8 (416)
NB1
@0 C, ft-lb/in (J/m)
0.6 (32.0)
1.35 (72.1)
3.15 (168)
NB1
4.6 (6.2)
117 (159)
180 (>244)
>180 (>244)
@ 0 C, ft-lb/in (J)
<4 (<5.4)
37 (50)
>180 (>244)
>180 (>244)
<4 (<5.4)
16 (22)
160 (217)
>180 (>244)
KRATON D1102
Properties
1/8 (3.2 mm) Notched Izod
218 (1.5)
203 (1.4)
152 (1.05)
87 (0.60)
4640 (32)
4060 (28)
3260 (22.5)
1960 (13.5)
3040 (21)
3260 (22.5)
3700 (25.5)
4350 (30)
3.5
2.8
2.5
1.8
100
90
80
90
80
KRATON G1652
10
20
KRATON G1650
10
20
Properties
1/8 (3.2mm) Notched Izod,
@ 23 C ft-lb/in (J/m)
0.9 (48)
1.4 (75)
9.8 (480)
1.2 (64)
12.9 (690)
218 (1.5)
152 (1.05)
129 (0.89)
170 (1.17)
137 (0.94)
27.1(68.8)
26.1 (66.3)
24.4 (62.0)
25.0 (63.5)
22.6 (57.4)
100
67
67
67
67
Talc
21
21
21
21
KRATON G1650
12
KRATON G1652
12
KRATON G1657
12
KRATON G1730
12
Properties
Melt Flow Index
(230/2.16), g/10 min
27.1
11.4
16.2
20.2
18.0
@ 23 C ft-lb/in (J/m)
1.7 (91)
11.2 (600)*
9.8 (523)*
15.0 (800)*
15.1 (806)*
0.5 (27)
1.6 (85)
1.2 (64)
2.0(107)
1.9 (101)
220 (1.52)
320 (2.21)
325 (2.24)
305 (2.10)
320 (2.21)
4290 (29.6)
3490 (24.1)
3520 (24.3)
3390 (23.4)
3360 (23.2)
> 500
310
200
190
160
76.8
80.0
79.6
78.8
78.7
Elongation @ Break, %
HDT @ 264 psi (1.82 MPa), C
* Ductile failure
10
Table 10. Binary blends of KRATON D1102 Polymer with LDPE Film
Composition, %w
LDPE
100
98
96
94
90
80
50
10
20
50
235
250
275
295
350
570
>1000
170 (109)
195 (125)
200 (128)
230 (147)
270 (173)
335 (215)
665 (426)
1450 (10.0)
1450 (10.0)
1450 (10.0)
1380 (9.5)
1350 (9.3)
1205 (8.3)
800 (5.5)
22
22
23
24
25
25
25
14
25
40
50
70
KRATON D1102
Properties1
Dart Impact Strength2, g
Tensile Impact Strength,
ft-lb/in2 (KJ/m )
2
11
KRATON Polymers
in High Density Polyethylene Blends
High density polyethylene (HDPE) shows some of the characteristics of PP. It also has good
heat resistance, but relatively poor impact strength. Pure HDPE films can have a crinkly feel,
poor impact strength and machine direction tear strength. In general, the effect of adding
KRATON Polymers can help to improve the impact strength and increase the flexibility of
the product. In films, they also help to provide an increase in film tear strength and
impact strength, while also helping to reduce sensitivity to property differences in the
flow and transverse direction of extrusion. Once again, low molecular weight KRATON
D1102 Polymer provides the best properties. Data showing these property improvements
are given in Table 11.
Blends of 50% D1102 with HDPE are unusual in that they are rubbery, show no yield
point, and have extremely high impact strength. In all of these blends, the high softening
point of the HDPE and the low glass transition temperatures of the D1102 elastomeric
midblock give the films a broad range of service temperatures sufficient to resist both
freezing and boiling.
Table 11. Binary Blends of KRATON D1102 Polymer with HDPE Film
Composition, %w
HDPE
100
90
85
80
10
15
20
62
133
150
161
KRATON D1102
Properties1
Dart Impact Strength2, g
22 (14)
25 (16)
34 (22)
48 (31)
Transverse Direction
200 (128)
280 (179)
210 (135)
195 (125)
380
680
730
665
33
100
255
230
0.44
0.54
0.58
0.69
12
13
100
90
80
80
80
80
80
80
KRATON G1650
20
KRATON G1651
10
20
KRATON G1654
20
KRATON G1652
20
KRATON G1701
20
KRATON G1702
20
Properties
1/8 (3.2 mm) Notched Izod, ft-lb/in (J/m)
@ 23 C
1.2 (64)
7.5 (400)
10.9 (582)
11.9 (635)
13.4 (715)
18.3 (977)
4.1(219)
@ -29 C
3.1(165)
@ -40 C
1.0 (53)
2.2 (117)
385 (2.65)
340 (2.34)
257 (1.77)
7.1(379)
7.4 (395)
6.5 (347)
13.5 (720)
1.6 (85)
5.9 (315)
5.2 (277)
4.5 (240)
1.6 (85)
2.1(112)
276 (1.90)
273 (1.88)
161(1.11)
290 (2.00)
307 (2.12)
Flex Modulus,
Mpsi(GPa)
80
60
40
PS
20
40
KRATON G1651
20
20
20
Properties
1/8 (3.2 mm) Notched Izod, ft-lb/in (J/m)
@ 23 C
11.9 (635)
11.3 (603)
11.6 (619)
@ -40 C
5.9 (315)
6.0 (320)
6.0 (320)
300 (2.1)
308 (2.1)
332 (2.3)
14
100
95
95
KRATON G1651
KRATON G1702
Properties
1/8 (3.2 mm) Notched Izod, ft-lb/in (J/m)
@ 23 C
17.9 (956)
15.9 (849)
13.9 (742)
@ -40 C
2.4 (128)
4.0 (214)
5.5 (294)
2.3 (123)
13.9 (742)
12.9 (689)
@ -40 C
0.6 (32)
2.1(172)
2.4 (128)
>2000
>2000
40
900
355 (2.45)
334 (2.30)
335 (2.31)
15
20
1/8" NOTCHED IZOD, FT-LB/IN
20
1/8" NOTCHED IZOD
15
10
5
10
20
30
15
10
5
0
40
95/5 PCKRATON G
PC
3 4 5 6 78910
20 30 40
%W KRATON G1651
100
80
80
80
80
KRATON FG1901
20
16
12
KRATON G1657
12
Properties
1/8 (3.2 mm) Notched Izod
@ 23 C, ft-lb/in (J/m)
0.8 (43)
19.8 (1057)
20.8 (1110)
20.2 (1078)
19.9 (1062)
0.7 (37)
3.3 (176)
4.0 (214)
4.8 (256)
5.1 (272)
430 (2.96)
294 (2.03)
280 (1.93)
270 (1.86)
270 (1.86)
6.6 (45.5)
6.7 (46.2)
6.5 (45)
6.5 (45)
Elongation, %
73
50
26
24
16
100
80
80
80
80
KRATON FG1901
20
12
KRATON G1657
12
16
Properties
1/8 (3.2 mm) Notched Izod
@ 23 C, ft-lb/in (J/m)
1.2 (64)
3.5 (187)
13.6 (726)
20.2 (1078)
21.5(1148)
1.0 (53)
1.8 (96)
2.7 (144)
3.2 (171)
5.0 (267)
390 (2.7)
260 (1.8)
250 (1.7)
250 (1.7)
250 (1.7)
7.3 (50)
7.3 (50)
6.7 (46)
5.8 (40)
Elongation, %
166
190
155
91
100
70
PET
100
80
KRATON FG1901
30
20
Properties
1/8 (3.2 mm) Notched Izod
@ 23 C, ft-lb/in (J/m)
Flex Modulus, Mpsi (GPa)
0.8 (43)
18.2 (970)
0.5 (27)
13.1 (700)
360 (2.5)
240 (1.65)
400 (2.75)
250 (1.7)
17
Oven Aged1
UV Aged2
PBT
70
70
70
KRATON FG1901
30
30
30
Composition, %w
Properties
1/8 (3.2 mm) Notched Izod, ft-lb/in (J/m)
@ 23 C
18.2 (970)
14.2 (760)
22.4 (1200)
@ -29 C
2.0 (106)
1.9 (100)
1.9 (100)
240 (1.65)
227 (1.55)
238 (1.64)
18
Contact us:
Marketing
Communications Manager
KRATON Polymers
Stellar House
Barbour Square
High Street
Chester
CH3 9RF, UK
KRATON Polymers
P. O. Box 2463
Houston, TX 77252-2463
In Europe/Africa
fax +44-(0)20-7934-6340
In Asia-Pacific
fax +81-3-5500-3259
or contact your local KRATON Polymers
representative
K0136BRb-00U
(Supercedes SC: 165-93)
10M 6/00
KRATON Polymers. All rights reserved.