Set No. 1

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Code No: N0304 Set No. 1

IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
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Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. Show that mercury in glass thermometer is a first order instrument. How can be the
time constant value reduced and sensitivity value increased for the thermometer?
[16]
2. (a) Explain various methods used for reference junction compensation in thermo-
couples.
(b) Explain the construction and working of a thermometer to measure tempera-
tures above 7000 C. [8+8]
3. (a) Describe the construction, working and theory of a Bridgman gauge for mea-
surement of high pressures.
(b) Briefly explain the principle employed in manometers used for the measure-
ment of pressure. [10+6]
4. Describe the working of Ultrasonic flow meter. Explain the different techniques
used for measurement of flow velocity. What are the advantages and limitations.
[16]
5. (a) What is the working principle of a stroboscope?
(b) Compare the working of a servo and digital accelerometers. [4+12]
6. Explain the construction detail and working principle of the various Bonded strain
Gauges. [16]
7. What are the dynamometers? How are the dynamometers classified ? Explain the
difference between absorption transmission and driving dynamometers. [16]
8. (a) Sketch and explain position control using servo motor.

(b) Sketch and explain open loop and closed loop temperature control system with
block diagrams.
(c) Briefly explain about positive feedback and negative feed back. [6+6+4]
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1. (a) Distinguish between direct and indirect methods of measurement with suitable
examples.
(b) What are desired, modifying and interfering inputs for an instrumentation
system? How do you correct the effects of modifying and interfering inputs by
the method of signal filtering? Explain by means of suitable examples.[6+10]
2. (a) Explain by means of neat sketches, the use of helical potentiometers for dis-
placement measurement.
(b) Explain by means of neat sketches, the working principle of pressure ther-
mometers. [6+10]
3. (a) Sketch a McLeod gauge and explain its construction and working principles.
mention its limitations and applications.
(b) List the limitations of elastic diaphragm gauge. [12+4]
4. Describe the construction details and working principle of Variable area meter.
What are the its applications, advantages and limitations? [16]
5. (a) A centrifugal tachometer having range 25-300, 250-3000, and 2500-30000 rpm
is to used to measure the speed of a shaft which is believed to be in the vicinity
of 3000 rpm. What range setting should be tried and why?
(b) List any three mechanical tachometers used for measuring angular velocity
and briefly explain them with suitable diagrams. [4+12]
6. (a) How a Wheatstone bridge circuit is used for the measurement of strain. Ex-
plain the working of a null balance Wheatstone bridge circuit.
(b) A Strain gauge with factor 2 is used to measure the tensile stress. The gauge
resistance and the other three resistance of the balanced bridge circuit are
having an initial resistance of 120 Ω . What strain is to be imposed on the
gauge to have a resistance change of 0.24 Ω in the variable resistor of the
bridge circuit. [10+6]
7. (a) Explain the construction and working of hydraulic load cells. Discuss their
advantages and disadvantages.
(b) Describe the method of measuring torque of rotating shafts using strain gauges.
[8+8]
8. (a) Sketch and explain position control using servo motor.

1 of 2

(b) Sketch and explain open loop and closed loop temperature control system with
block diagrams.
(c) Briefly explain about positive feedback and negative feed back. [6+6+4]
?????
2 of 2

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1. Discuss the dynamic response characteristics of second order instruments to step

input. What are peak time and peak overshoot? [16]
2. (a) Differentiate between rare metal thermocouples and base metal thermocou-
ples.
(b) Design a measurement system for displacement measurement using LDR (Light
dependent resistor) as sensor. [6+10]
3. (a) Describe the working principle of a Bourdon tube pressure gauge.
(b) A U tube differential gauge is attached to two sections A & B in a horizontal
pipe in which oil of specific gravity 0.8 is flowing. The deflection of mercury
in the gauge is 60 cm, the level nearer to A begin the lower one. Calculate
the difference of pressure in N/m2 between the sections A&B. [8+8]
4. (a) List the various quantity flow meters and explain the working of a Nutating
disk flow meter.
(b) Give details of the magnetic flow meter and Ultrasonic flow meter? [6+10]
5. (a) Explain the working of a toothed rotor variable reluctance tachometer. Ex-
plain its Advantages.
(b) What is the basic difference in design and application between vibrometer and
accelerometer? [8+8]
6. (a) How a Wheatstone bridge circuit is used for the measurement of strain. Ex-
plain the working of a deflection Wheatstone bridge circuit.
(b) What are the various types of electrical resistance strain gauges? Explain the
working principle of Semiconductor gauge. [8+8]
7. (a) Explain briefly how a stroboscopic is used to measure torque.

(b) What are load cells? Name the application of load cells. [8+8]
8. (a) What are the basic elements of a control system? Explain
(b) Describe a control system to fill a tank with water after it is emptied through
an output at the bottom. This system automatically stops the inflow of water
when the tank is filled. Draw the block diagram of the system. [8+8]
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1 of 1

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1. (a) Differentiate between accuracy and precision.

(b) How do second order instruments respond to ramp input? [6+10]
2. (a) Differentiate between rare metal thermocouples and base metal thermocou-
ples.
(b) Design a measurement system for displacement measurement using LDR (Light
dependent resistor) as sensor. [6+10]
3. (a) With the aid of neat sketch, explain the working principle of dead ?weight
type Tester.
(b) Derive an equation for the differential pressure based on the movement of the
liquid in the inclined column only. [8+8]
4. Show that there exists a linear relation ship between the volume flow rate and
displacement of float in the case of a rotameter .Prove that if the density of the
float material is made twice that of flowing fluid, the volume flow rate becomes
independent of the density of the flowing fluid and compression is almost complete
for all flows. [16]
5. (a) Explain the principle of seismic instrument. Derive an expression to measure

velocity and acceleration using this instrument.
(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of centrifugal speed tachometer?
[10+6]
6. (a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of mechanical strain gauges over
optical srtain gauges.
(b) A 200 Ω strain gauge is bonded to a steel bar which is subjected to a tensile
load. Cross sectional area of the bar is 0.9 × 10−4 m2 and E= 200GN/m2 .If
load of 100 kN produces a change of 1.5 Ω in the gauge resistance. Determine
the gauge factor of the gauge. [6+10]
7. (a) Describe the construction and working of a water vortex dynamometer. What
are the reasons for its popularity?
(b) Explain the working of a hydraulic load cell for the measurement of force.
[8+8]
8. (a) Describe with neat sketch the open loop speed control system.
(b) Illustrate with example, explain Closed loop temperature control system. [8+8]
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Code No: N0304 Set No. 1

8. (a) Sketch and explain position control using servo motor.

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Code No: N0304 Set No. 2

8. (a) Sketch and explain position control using servo motor.

Code No: N0304 Set No. 2

Code No: N0304 Set No. 3

1. Discuss the dynamic response characteristics of second order instruments to step

7. (a) Explain briefly how a stroboscopic is used to measure torque.

Code No: N0304 Set No. 4

1. (a) Differentiate between accuracy and precision.

5. (a) Explain the principle of seismic instrument. Derive an expression to measure

Code No: N0304 Set No. 4

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