STATEMENT

A reinforced concrete bridge was to be constructed over a double railway

line. It was required to design a flyover bridge over the tracks. The following
data of the flyover was taken after a visit of a flyover over a railway line in
Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh. The components are as follows:
Width of carriage way = 7.5 m
Effective span = 25 m
Centre to center spacing of longitudinal girders = 3.25 m
No. of cross girders = 5
Number of longitudinal girders = 3
Centre to center spacing of cross girders = 5 m
Thickness of wearing coat = 80 mm
Material for construction = M-25 grade concrete and Fe-415 HYSD bars
Loading = IRC class A-A Loading
Slope of approach is 1:30

Structural Details
Let us assume slab thickness of 230 mm.
For the cantilever portion let the thickness at the junction = 350 mm and at
the end = 150 mm
Let width of cross beam be of 530mm and of longitudinal beams of 560mm.

Fig 1. Plan of the bridge.

Fig 2. Y Section of bridge.

Fig 3. X section of bridge.

DESIGN OF DECK SLAB

Clear roadway width

Width of kerb
Total span of T beam
Thickness of the slab
230mm
Centre to centre spacing of longitudinal girders
No. of cross girders
=5
Number of longitudinal girders
Centre to centre spacing of cross girders
Thickness of the wearing course
Effective depth of slab
Span in transverse direction
Effective span in transverse direction
0.197
Span in longitudinal direction
Effective span in transverse direction

= 7.5m
= 500mm
= 25m
=
= 3.25 m
=3
=5m
= 80mm
= 230- 25 8
= 197 mm
= 3.2 5m
= 3.25 - 0.56 +
= 2.89m
= 5m
= 5- 0.53+0.197
=4.67m

Effective size of panel

= 2.89x4.67 m

Unit weight of concrete

Weight of wearing coat

= 24 kN/m3
= 22kN/m3

Maximum Bending Moment Due To Dead Load

1.Dead weight of deck slab
= 0.23 *24
2.Dead weight of wearing coat = 0.08* 22
Total

= 5.52kN/m 3
= 1.76kN/m3
= 7.28kN/m 3

Piqueads method

short span
Ratio, k = long span
1

Now k

2.89
4.68

=1.62

Now using Piqueads curve for UDL load

M1 = 0.048
M2 = 0.016
Total dead weight
7.28x2.89x4.67

= 0.62

= w *L*b
=

= 98.25 kN
The formula for Moment is M=w*(M1+M2)
Moment along short span
= 98.25x(0.048+0.15x0.016)
=4.95 kN-m
Moment along long span
=98.25x(0.016+0.15x0.048)
=2.28 kN-m

Maximum Bending Moment Due To Live Load

Class AA Tracked Vehicle

Size of panel = 2.89 x 4.67 m

U=

(0.85+20.08)2+ 0.232

=1.036
V=

(3.6+20.08)2+ 0.232

=3.77
K =0.62

u
b

1.036
2.89.

v 3.77
=
l 4.67

=0.36

=0.81

Using Piqueads curve

M1= 10.1x10-2
M2 = 3.4x10-2
Load impact as 25 percent.
Therefore, total load
Moment along shorter span
2
x437.5

=1.25x350=437.5KN
= (10.1+0.15x3.4)x10= 46.42 KNm

Moment along longer span

2
x437.5
21.50 KNm.

= (3.4+0.15x10.1)x10=

Class AA wheeled vehicle

4670

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Bending moment wheel 1

4670

Consider the load in the figure tire contact dimensions are 300 x 150mm
u=

(0.3+20.08)2+ 0.232

v=

(0.15+20.08)2+ 0.232

u
0.514
=
B
2.89 =0.177
v
0.386
l = 4.67 =0.0826
K=0.62

=0.514m.
=0.386m.

m1=21x10-2
m2=17.2x10-2
Total load

=62.5x1.25
=78.13KN

Moment short span

=(21+0.15x17.2)x10 -2x78.13
=18.42KNm

Moment long span

=(17.2+0.15x21)x10 -2x78.13
=15.89KNm

2. Bending moment wheel(2)

4670

Intensity of load=

62.51.25
0.5140.386
=393.76 KNm 2
For k=0.62
U=2.514
V=0.386
B=2.89
L=4.67

u
b

=0.87

v
l =0.082

Now m1 = 9.4x10-2
m2 =9.4x10-2
Moment along short span =(9.4+0.15x9.5)x10 2
x2.514x0.386x393.76
=41.36 KNm
Moment along long span =(9.5+0.15x9.4)x10 2
x2.514x0.386x393.76
=41.69 KNm
Now the dummy load=1.486x0.386m
U=1.486
V=0.386
B=2.89
L=4.67

u
b

=0.514

v
l

=0.083

Now m1=13.6x10-2
m2=13.4x10-2
Moment along short span=(13.6+0.15x13.4)x10 2
x1.486x0.386x393.76
=35.26KNm
Moment along long span =(13.4+0.15x13.6)x10 2
x1.486x0.386x393.76
=34.87 KNm
Therefore,

Net Bending Moment along short span = 2 (41.69-35.26)

=3.185 KNm
Net Bending Moment along long span

= 2 (41.36-34.87)
= 3.25 KNm

Bending Moment Wheel(3)

4670

37.51.25

Intensity of load = 0.5140.386

=236.26 KNm 2
For k=0.62
U=1.714
V=0.386
B=2.89
L=4.67

u
b

=0.59

v
l =0.0826
Now m1 = 12.6x10-2
M2 = 12.5x10-2

Moment along short span=(12.6+0.15x12.5)x10 -2x1.714x0.386x236.26

=22.63 KNm
Moment along long span =(12.5+0.15x12.6)x10-2x1.714x0.386x236.26
=22.49 KNm
Now the dummy load=0.686x0.386m
U=0.686
V=0.386
B=2.89

L=4.67

u
b

=0.24

v
l

=0.0826

m1=19.4x10-2
M2=16.2x10-2
Moment along short span=(19.4+0.15x16.2)x10 -2x0.686x0.386x236.26
=13.66 KNm
Moment along long span =(16.2+19.4x0.15)x10-2x0.686x0.386x236.26
=11.95KNm
Therefore,
Now

Net Bending Moment along short span = 2 (22.63-13.66)

=4.485 KNm
Net Bending Moment along long span

= 2 (22.49-11.95)
=5.27 KNm

Bending Moment Wheel (4)

4670

62.51.25

Intensity of load= 0.5140.386

=393.77 KNm 2
For k=0.62
U=0.514
V=2.786
B=2.89
L=4.67

u
b

=0.178

v
l =0.599
Now m1 = 13.9x10-2
M2 = 4.4x10-2
Moment along short span =(13.9+0.15x4.4)x10 -2x0.514x2.786x393.77
=82.100 KNm
Moment along long span =(4.4+0.15x13.9)x10-2x0.514x2.786x393.77
=36.56 KNm
Now the dummy load=0.514x2.01 m
U=0.514
V=2.01
B=2.89
L=4.67

u
b

=0.178

v
l

=0.43

Now m1=16x10-2
M2=5.810-2
Moment along short span
=(16+0.15x5.8)x10 -2x0.514x2.01x393.77
=68.63 KNm
Moment along long span
=(5.8+0.15x16)x10 -2x0.514x2.01x393.77
=33.36 KNm

Therefore,
Net Bending Moment along short span

= 2 (82.1-68.63)
=6.74 KNm
Net Bending Moment along long span

= 2 (36.56-33.36)
=1.60KNm
Bending Moment Wheel (5)

4670

62.51.25

Intensity of load= 0.5140.386

=393.77
2

KNm
For k=0.62
U=0.514
V=2.786
B=2.89
L=4.67

u
b

=0.178

v
l =0.599

Now m1 = 13.9x10-2
M2 = 4.4x10-2
Moment along short span=(13.9+0.15x4.4)x10 -2x0.514x2.786x393.77
=82.100 KNm
Moment along long span=(4.4+0.15x13.9)x10-2x0.514x2.786x393.77
=36.56 KNm
Now the dummy load=0.514x2.01 m
U=0.514
V=2.01
B=2.89
L=4.67

u
b

=0.178

v
l

=0.43

Now m1=16x10-2
M2=5.8x10-2
Moment along short span
=(16+0.15x5.8)x10 -2x0.514x2.01x393.77
=68.63 KNm
Moment along long span
=(5.8+0.15x16)x10 -2x0.514x2.01x393.77
=33.36 KNm
Therefore,
Net Bending Moment
along short span

= 2
(82.1-68.63)
=6.74
KNm
Net Bending Moment
along long span

= 2
(36.56-33.36)
=1.60KNm
Bending Moment Wheel
(6)

4670

37.51.25

Intensity of load= 0.5140.386

=236.26 KNm 2
For k=0.62
U=0.514
V=2.786
B=2.89
L=4.67

u
b

=0.178

v
l =0.599
Now m1 = 13.9x10-2
M2 = 4.4x10-2
Moment along short span=(13.9+0.15x4.4)x10 -2x0.514x2.786x236.26
=49.26 KNm
Moment along long span=(4.4+0.15x13.9)x10-2x0.514x2.786x236.26
=21.94 KNm

Now the dummy load=0.514x2.01 m

U=0.514
V=2.01
B=2.89
L=4.67

u
b

=0.178

v
l

=0.43

Now m1=16x10-2
M2=5.810-2
Moment along short span
=(16+0.15x5.8)x10 -2x0.514x2.01x236.26
=41.17 KNm
Moment along long span
=(5.8+0.15x16)x10 -2x0.514x2.01x236.26
=20.01 KNm
Therefore,
Net Bending Moment along short span

= 2 (49.26-41.17)
=4.045 KNm
Net Bending Moment along long span

= 2 (21.94-20.01)
=0.965 KNm
Therefore the total moment along the short span
= 18.39+3.185+4.485+6.74+6.74+4.045= 43.59 KNm
The total moment along the long span
=15.74+3.25+5.27+1.60+1.60+0.965=28.425KNm

Design Bending Moment

Class AA tracked vehicle causes heavier moment than wheeled
vehicle along the short span direction. But along the long span direction
Class AA wheeled vehicle gives the severer effect. The loads causing
maximum effects are adopted for design moments.
The above computations assume a simply supported condition
along the four edges . In fce the deck slab is continuous. To allow for
continuity the computed moments are multiplied by a factor of 0.8.

Bending moment taken along short span = 46.42 ( Class AA tracked )

Bending moment taken along long span = 28.425 ( Class AA Wheeled)
Taking factor of safety as 1.5
Design Bending moment along short span

= (4.95+46.42) 0.8x1.5
= 61.64 KNm

Design Bending moment along long span = (2.28+28.425)0.8x1.5

= 36.84 KNm

Design of Inner Panel

Depth of Deck slab , d =

M
0.138 ck b

Depth provided =230 mm d = 230 - 25 - 8 = 197 mm

d=

41.09 1.5 106

0.138 25 1000

= 133.66 mm

Hence the provision of total depth of 230 mm is safe

Area of steel (along short span)

= 0.87

Ast(d

4.6 X Mu
2
fck b d

))
1
0.5 fck .b . d

fy

1
Ast =

4.6 X 41.09 x 1.5 106

25 1000 197 2
( )
1
0.5 25 1000 197

415

1
=

= 941.71
Spacing =

16 16 1000
4 941.71

=213.5

y . Ast

ck . b

Provide 16 mm Dia @ 150 mm c/c (1340.4 mm2)

4.6 X 24.56 x 1.5 10 6

25 1000 197 2
()
1
0.5 25 1000 197

415

1
Area of steel (along long span) =

=543.06

Provide 16 mm Dia @ 150 mm c/c (1304.4mm2)

Design for shear

Shear Force is calculated by effective width method for effective size panel
2.69 x 4.47.
For maximum Shear Force, the load will be placed so that it spreads up and
reaches the face of the beam as shown.
Dispersion length = 0.85 + 2(0.08+0.23) = 1.47m
For maximum shear, load should be kept in such a manner that dispersion
falls on the face of the edge,
Therefore the load should be kept at 1.47/2 =0.735 m away from the right
support.

B
L =

4.47
2.69

= 1.66
From the table for k,
K=2.9

Effective width be = k

(1- L ) + bw

= 2.9X0.735 (1-

0.735
2.69 ) + 3.6+2x0.08

= 5.31m
Load per m width =

350
5.31

65.91( 2.690.735)
2.69

Ra =

Impact factor = 25 percent

The Live Shear Force

= 65.91 KN

47.9 KN

The Dead Load

=47.9 x 1.25
=59.88 kN
= 7.28 KN/m2

Dead load Shear force

7.28 2.69
2
= 9.79 KN/m2

Therefore,
The Total Design shear Force = (59.88 + 9.79)x1.5 = 104.51 KN

v =

Vu
bd
104.51 1000
1000 197

= 0.53

Ast
1340.4 100
=
bd
1000 197

= 0.68

c = 0.547 N/mm2
For solid slabs the permissible shear stress in concrete shall be k c, and the
value of k from the table is, k =1.14

c=1.14x0.547
= 0.624 N/mm2

Hence it is safe in shear.

DESIGN OF CROSS BEAMS

DATA :
Spacing of the cross beam = 5m
Spacing of the longitudinal girders = 3.25
Assuming the depth of the cross beam = 1.4m
Width of the cross beam =0.53m

Bending moment due to Dead Load

The weight of the slab and wearing course will be apportioned
between the cross beam and the longitudinal girders in accordance with the
trapezoidal distribution of the loads on the panel.
Weight of the deck slab and wearing course per m 2
x 22

= 0.23 x 24 + 0.08

= 7.28 kN/m2
Total load on the cross beam due to slab by trapezoidal distribution
= 2x 0.5 x 3.25x3.25/2 x
7.28
=38.45 kN
Load per m width
=38.45/3.25
= 11.83 kN/m
Self-weight of the cross beam and weight of wearing course over the cross
beam per m
= 0.53 x 1.4 x 24
=17.81 KN/m
Total Load

=11.83+17.81
=29.64 kN/m

Assuming the cross girder to be rigid, the reactions on each longitudinal pier

29.64 2 3.25
3

= 64.22 kN

Bending moment due to

Live Load

Class AA
Tracked
Loading
Class AA
tracked
vehicle
produces
severe
effect
than
all
the other
loadings.
The
fig
shows
the

disposition
of
one track over
the cross beam.

R=

Assuming Cross -girder to be rigid, the reaction on each

longitudinal girder =

574
3

= 191.33 kN

700 4.1
5

574 kN

Live load bending moment under wheel load

ML = 191.33 x 2.225

= 425.71 kN-m
Including the impact factor (25%)
Live Design Moment = 425.71 x 1.25
=532.14 kNm

Dead Load Bending moment under wheel load

Md= 64.22 x 2.225 29.64 x 2.252/2
= 69.52 kNm
Therefore total Design moment = (523.14 + 69.52)x1.5
= 888.99 kNm
Live Load Shear = 191.33 x 1.25 =239.16 kN
Dead Load Shear= 64.22
Total Design Shear = (239.16 + 64.22)x1.5
= 455.07 kN

Design of Section

Total depth = 1.4 m

415

592.66x106 x1.5= 0.87

Ast (1400

415. Ast

25 530

Ast = 1833.98 mm2

Provide 5 bars of 25mm dia.
Area provided=2454.34mm2
Nominal stress =

p=

Ast
bd

303.38 1.5 1000

530 1400

2945.24

= 530 1330

= 0.61 N/mm2

= 0.33

c = 0.40 N/mm2
Net shear = V - c bd =303380x1.5- (.40 x530x1330) =173110 N
Provide 2-legged 10mm stirrups

0.87 y A sv d
S=
V

0.87 10 10 1400 415

=
=229.33mm
173110 4

Thus, provide 2-Legged 10 mm stirrups @160mm c/c.

DESIGN OF LONGITUDINAL GIRDERS

Effective Span = 25m
Slab thickness = 230 mm
Width of the rib = 560 mm
Spacing of the main beams = 3.25m

Dead Load Bending Moment

Weight from one side of the cantilever slab =9.38 kN/m

Dead Load of slab = 0.08x22+0.23x24 = 7.28 kN/m

Therefore the total dead load from the cantilever portion and the slab on the
longitudinal girders
= 9.38 x2 + (2 x 3.25+0.56)x7.28
= 70.16 kN/m
Assuming all the members to be rigid together
oad on each longitudinal girder = 70.16/3
= 23.39 kN/m
Self weight of the girder

= 0.56x1.5x24
=20.16 kN/m

Now total UDL Load on the gireder

= 23.39 + 20.16 = 43.55 kN/m

Self weight of the cross girder per mere = 0.53 x 1.4 x 24 = 17.81 kN/m
Lenth of the cross girder
Total Load of the cross girder

= 2 x(0.53x1.4x24)=5.38
= 17.81 x 5.38

Assuming rigidity , load on each longitudinal girder

= 95.82 kN
= 95.82/3

= 31.94 kN

1
Therefore Ra= 2 ( 31.94 x 5 +48.55x25 )
= 624.23 kN
Dead Load moment at the centre
= 624.23 x12.5 43.55 x 12.52/2 31.94x12.5-31.94x (12.5-5)-31.94(12.510)
= 3681.88 kNm

Dead Load moment at quarter span

= 624.23 x 6.25 43.55 x6.252/2-31.94x6.25 31.94 (6.25-5)
=2811.30 kNm

Shear due to the dead Load

Dead Loadshear at the support = 624.23kN
Dead Load shear at centre

=624.23 43.55 x 12.5 31.94 x 3 =

-15.97 kN
Dead Load shear at quarter span =624.23 43.55 x 6.25 31.94 x2 =
288.16kN

Live load Bending moment

According to Courbons method , the reaction Ri of the cross beam n any
firder of a tupcal bridge consisting of multiple parallel beams is computed
by Courbans formula is as follows :

1+
=

e d i Ii
I i d 2
PIi

Ii

Class AA tracked
loading
Let the wheel of the
load be from the kerb as
specified in IRC Code
Minimum clearance
from the kerb = 1.2 +
0.85/2= 1.625

e =1.1
P=W/2

neX
X2
2W

1+
Router=

1+
=

3 1.1 3.25
2
2 3.25
2P

neX
X2
2W

= 1.01P = 0.505W

1+
RInner=

1+ 0
2P

= 0.66P =0.33W

In the longitudinal section the total load can be accomodated on the span.
The absolute moment of the tracked loading on the span occurs at the
centre.
Absolute moment at centre
Average influence line

6.25+ 5.35
2
= 5.8

Therefore total moment

= 700x5.8
= 4060 kNm

Impact factor for tracked vehicles

4.5
6+L

4.5
= 6 +25

= 0.14 percent

Therefore ,
The live
moment at
the outer
girder =

4060x1.14x0.505
=2337.34kNm
The live moment at the inner girder = 4060x1.14x0.33
=1527.37kNm

Bending moment at quarter span

Average influence line

Therefore total moment

2.675+ 2.675
2

= 2.675
= 700x2.675
=1872.5 kNm

Impact factor for tracked vehicles

4.5

= 6 +25

4.5
6+L
= 0.14 percent

Therefore ,
The live moment at the outer girder = 1872.5x1.14x0.505
=1077.99kNm
The live
moment at the inner
girder =
1872.5x1.14x0.33
=704.43kNm
Class AA wheeled
loading
Let the wheel
of the load be from
the kerb as specified
in IRC Code
Minimum clearance from the kerb = 1.2 + 0.3/2= 1.35

According to Courbons method , the reaction Ri of the cross beam of any girder of a
typical bridge consisting of multiple parallel beams is computed
e =1.3
P=W/2

neX
2
X
W

1+
Router=

1+
=

3 1.3 3.25
2 3.252
4p

= 2.13P =1.065 W

uter

neX
2
X
W

Ro

1+

1+0
4
P ) = 1.33P =0.665W
=

Absolute Bending moment

The absolute maximum value of bending moment always occurs under the wheel
load and not anywhere between the wheel loads. It occusrs at a section near the centre
of the span under the heaier load which is near the centre of gravity of the loading
system cosidered. For this the centre of the spn is midway between the centre of gravity
of the loading system and the maximum wheel load near th cntre of gravity. Therefore
the loadings are arranged as follows
Ra x 25 = 100 x( 12.8+11.6)
=2440/25
= 97.6kN
Therefore total moment

= 97.6 x (12.5-0.3) =97.6x12.2

=1190.72kNm

Impact factor for tracked vehicles =

25

Therefore ,
The live moment at the outer girder = 1190.72x1.25x1.065

moment at the inner girder = 1190.72x1.25x0.665

=989.786 kNm

=1585.15
kNm
The live

Bending moment at quarter span

Ra x 25 = 100 x( 18.75+19.95)
=3870/25 = 154.8kN
Therefore total moment

= 154.8x 6.25
=967.5kNm

Impact factor for tracked vehicles =

25

Therefore ,
The live moment at the outer girder = 967.5x1.25x1.065
=1287.98kNm
The live moment at the inner girder = 967.5x1.25x0.665
= 804.23kNm

Design for shear

Shear force will be maximum due to class AA tracked vehicle. For maximum shear
at the ends of the
girder , the load will be placed between the support and the first cross beam.
Minimum
clearnce from the
kerb = 1.2 +
0.85/2=1.625m

Shear force at
the supports

The position of the centre line of load for maximum shear force is shown in the
figure.
Let Pa,Pb,Pc be the loads coming on the longitudinal girders considering the slab is
simply supported.
And the reactions be Ra,Rb,Rc on the support and Rd,Re and Rf on the cross girder.

Pa=

w 2.215 w 0.075
+
3.25
3.25

Pb=

w 1.125 w 3.175
+
3.25
3.25

0.70 w

= 1.32 w

The reaction at both the ends of the longitudinal girder due to the transfer of these loads
Ra=

0.70 3.2 w
5

= 0.49 w

Rb=

1.32 3.2 w
5

= 0.845 w

Rd=

0.70 1.8 w
5

= 0.25 w

Re=

1.32 1.8 w
5

= 0.48 w

The loads on the cross girder Rd and Re are to be distributed by using Courbons theory .

W= 0.25w + 0.48w = 0.73 w

Let x be the distance of the centre of gravity of the loads from D,
X=

0.48 3.25 w
0.73 w

= 2.14m

Thefore e= 3.25 2.14 =1.1

Courbans formula is as follows :

neX
2
X
W

1+
Load outer =

1+
=

3 1.1 3.25
2
2 3.25
0.73 w

neX
X2
W

) = 0.37 w

1+
Load Inner =

1+0
0.73
w
=

) = 0.243 w

The reaction at the support end of the longitudinal girder due to the transfer of these
loads
Ra = 0.37 w x

Rb = 0.243 w x

20
25

20
25

= 0.296 w

= 0.194 w

Total reaction on the outer girder = 0.49 w + 0.296 w = 0.786 w

Total reaction on the inner girder = 0.845 w + 0.194 w = 1.039 w
Also w = W/2
Maximum Shear force on the suppor including impact factor for the outer girder =
0.786 x 1.1
x 700/2

= 302.61 kN
Maximum Shear force on the suppor including impact factor for the inner girder =
1.039 x 1.1 x 700/2
= 400.02 kN

Shear force at the indetermenate sections

Shear at other points will be found on the basis of the same reaction coefficients as
found for B.M. Thus
for Class AA Tracked loading,reaction coefficient for outer girder = 0.505 W and for inner
girder = 0.333

Shear Force at the centre

Shear force =

1 1 1 8.9
[ +
]
2 2 2 12.5 x700 =299.6kN

Shear force on the suppor including impact factor for the outer girder = 0.505 x 1.1
x 299.6 = 166.43kN
Shear force on the suppor including impact factor for the inner girder = 0.33 x 1.1 x
299.6
=108.75kN

Shear
Force at
quarter span

Shear force =

1 3 3 15.15
[ +
]
2 4 4 18.75 x700 =474.6kN

Shear force on the suppor including impact factor for the outer girder = 0.505 x 1.1
x 474.6 = 263.64kN
Shear force on the suppor including impact factor for the inner girder = 0.33 x 1.1 x
474.6 =172.28kN

Design of section

DEAD LOAD B.M AT CENTRE

LIVE B.M AT QUARTER SPAN(AA
wheeled)
DEAD LOAD B.M AT QUARTER
SPAN

OUTER
GIRDER
2337.34kN
m
3681.88kN
m
1287.98kN
m
2811.30kN
m

INNER
GIRDER
1527.37kN
m
3681.88kN
m
804.23kN
m
2811.30kN
m

SHEAR FORCE
LIVE SHEAR AT SUPPORT
DEAD SHEAR AT SUPPORT

OUTER
GIRDER
302.61kN
624.23kN

INNER
GIRDER
400.02kN
624.23kN

BENDING MOMENT
MAXIMUM LIVE B.M( AA tracked)

LIVE SHEAR AT CENTRE

DEAD SHEAR AT CENTRE
LIVE SHEAR AT QUARTER SPAN
DEAD SHEAR AT QUARTER SPAN

166.43kN
15.97kN
263.64kN
288.16kN

108.75kN
15.97kN
172.28kN
288.16kN

Design of outter girder:

Bending moment at the centre = (2337.34+3681.88) x1.5
=9028.83kNm
Bending moment at quarter span = (1527.37+3681.88) x1.5=7813.88kNm

Area of steel at centre

M= 0.87.

. Ast(d

y . Ast

ck . b

= 941.71
Spacing =

16 16 1000
4 941.71

m2

=213.5

Provide 16 mm Dia @ 150 mm c/c (1340.4 mm2)