TRANSFORMER MVA SIZING USING ETAP

By Waqar Hussain
Electrical Dept.

INTRODUCTION

y
, transformer is one of manyy
In p
power systems,
devices whose proper size is critical to the
design of a power delivery system.

ETAP has complied

p
the information contained
on standards ANSI IEEE C57, IEC 60076-2
and IEC 60726 into a program that can easily
determine the proper size of a power
transformer

FACTORS FOR TRAFO MVA SIZING IN ETAP

ETAP takes into consideration the following factors
for trafo MVA sizing
Ambient temperature
Altitude
Cooling Stage
Type (dry or liquid fill)
Expected future growth
Short circuit requirement (trafo impedence and BIL)

2 WINDING TRAFO MVA SIZING

The two winding transformer MVA sizing calculation sizes the following
parameters of a transfomer
Rated

MVA
Maximum MVA
Percentage impedance
Maximum MVA is 1.25 times the
rated MVA for ONAN ONAF
trafo.

2 WINDING TRAFO MVA SIZING (CONTD.)

(CONTD )
Transformer Loading
This section allows you to find the operating load
( l l t d from
(calculated
f
load
l d flow
fl analysis)
l i ) or connected
t d
load to this transformer and then use either load
for sizingg p
purposes
p
Also you can manually enter the loading for the
transformer
While sizing transformer based on connected load,
spares can also be included

2 WINDING TRAFO MVA SIZING (CONTD.)

(CONTD )
Load Variation

Growth Factor For allowance for future growth. Growth

factor is used for calculating the rated MVA of a
transformer. If Use growth factor for max MVA is
checked, then it is used for calculating the max MVA
Load Factor is 100 % if the transformer carries
required load continuously all the time

2 WINDING TRAFO MVA SIZING (CONTD.)

(CONTD )
Installation

ETAP adjusts the calculated required Rated MVA

based on trafos altitude value. For example
p for Liquid
q
Immersed Forced Air Cooled trafo, the MVA rating is
derated by factor 0.5 % for every 330 ft above 3300
ft.
ft
Ambient Temp. ETAP adjusts the required Rated MVA
based on ambient temperature value

2 WINDING TRAFO MVA SIZING (CONTD.)

(CONTD )
p
Impedance

Basic Impulse
p
Level ((BIL)) Limit - ETAP utilizes this
value for determining the trafo minimum impedance
according to ANSI IEC standards
Limit Short Circuit kA If this option is checked, then
ETAP calculates % impedance based on short circuit
kA, trafo type and BIL Limit

2 WINDING TRAFO MVA SIZING (CONTD.)

(CONTD )
Results

Any one of the three results can be selected:

Larger size, Required size or smaller size

OTHER REQUIRED DATA FOR TRAFO SIZING ON ETAP

Standard (IEC or ANSI)

Type (Liquid fill or Dry)
Sub type (mineral oil
oil, synthetic liquid etc ))
Class (ONAN, ONAN-ONAF, OFAF etc )
Temperature rize
Primary Winding kV rating

REGULATION OF TRAFO ON MOTOR START

One of the factors to be considered while sizing a trafo is the voltage drop on
the terminals of the largest motor (connected to trafo secondary) during motor
start.

According to IEEE Brown Book, the voltage at terminals of starting motor

should not fall below 80% of rated voltage for typical NEMA design B motors

This voltage drop is proportional to the regulation of trafo during motor start

The voltage drop at trafo secondary (regulation) during motor start is inversely
proportional to trafo short circuit kVA and directly proportional to motor
starting kVA

The Transformer MVA Sizing Module of ETAP does not take into account this
factor. The regulation of trafo can be checked by Motor Starting Study on ETAP

REGULATION OF TRAFO ON MOTOR START

pp
g
p
y
Approximatevoltagedroponthetransformersecondary
canbecalculatedbythefollowingformula

Where
D =%Voltagedroponsecondaryside
D
% Voltage drop on secondary side
P=PeakLoadontrafo inkVA otherthanlargestMotor
M = Starting kVA oflargestMotor
M=StartingkVA
of largest Motor
S=Shortcircuitcapacityoftrafo inkVA

EXAMPLE

UCH2 Unit Auxiliary Transformer sizing using ETAP

INPUT DATA TRAFO PARAMETERS

Standard: IEC

Type: Liquid Fill

Sub type: mineral oil

Cl
Class:
ONAN - ONAF

T
Temp.
rise:
i 65

Primary V = 14.5 kV
Sec. V = 6.6 kV

INPUT DATA UCH2 ETAP MODEL

Plant ETAP model

is required to
evaluate connected
and operating load
on a transformer

Unit Auxiliary
transformer to
be sized
u p of
o 13869
3869 kVA
Lump1
represents the UCH2
operating BOP load other
than 1 No. circulation
water pump motor. The
lump load contains all
the plant cable losses
and loading factors of
different loads

SIZING MODULE

Based on Operating
transformer
load,
t
f
l d 120 %
growth factor (for max MVA
or ONAF) and 28 degree C
p , the
ambient temp.
recommended size by
ETAP is 20-25 MVA at
ONAN-ONAF

Here worst case load is

considered for GT, HRSG
and ST MCC
MCC, as provided
by HET. (This load is
included as lump 1 in
ETAP model)

UCH2 LOAD FLOW AT 3 DIFFERENT UNIT AUX. TRAFO

RATINGS WORST CASE LOADING
1620MVAtrafo
%Z=10,X\R=22.2

2025MVAtrafo
%Z=10,X\R=22.2

2531.5MVAtrafo
%Z=10,X\R=22.2

TrafoInputkVA

16198

16046

15932

TrafoOutputkVA

15217

15286

15339

Increase in trafo
output kVA as
trafo ratingg is
increased. ?
20 % of the lump
load in UCH2 ETAP
model is static

For good voltage

regulation at trafo
sec. the static load
consumes more
kVA

Decrease in trafo
input kVA as trafo
ratingg is increased.
?
Trafo % Z is taken
as contant at 10 %

For ONAN ONAF

rated trafo, ETAP
performs Load flow
at ONAN rating

ETAP MOTOR START STUDY AT 3 DIFFERENT TRAFO

RATINGS NORMAL CASE LOADING
MotorStartingAnalysis
ForCirculationWater
PumpMotor

TrafoInputMVA
LoadFlowbefore
Motorstart

LoadFlowat
Motorstart

LoadFlowafter
Load Flow after
Motorstart(steady
state)

1620MVAtrafo
%Z=8,X\R=22.2

13 607
13.607

20 865
20.865

15 277
15.277

2025MVAtrafo
%Z=8,X\R=22.2

13.655

21.345

15.333

2025MVAtrafo
%Z=10,X\R=22.2

13.632

20.865

15.277

If Normal loading is considered

(i e lump 1 = 13600 kVA ),
(i.e
) then
the sizing module recommends
16 20 MVA trafo

ETAP MOTOR START STUDY AT 3 DIFFERENT TRAFO

RATINGS NORMAL CASE LOADING .. CONTD
MotorTerminal
MotorStartingAnalysis
Trafosec.Voltageat
ForCirculationWater
VoltageatMotor
For Circulation Water
Voltage at Motor
MotorStart
PumpMotor
Start

MotorTerminal
VoltageatSteady
Voltage at Steady
State

1620MVAtrafo
%Z=8,X\R=22.2

88.35%

92.09%

98.38%

2025MVAtrafo
%Z=8,X\R=22.2

90.34%

94.18%

99.49%

2025MVAtrafo
20
25 MVA trafo
%Z=10,X\R=22.2

88.35%

92.09%

98.38%

As per IEEE Standard 399-1997, IEEE Recommended Practice

for Industrial and Commercial Power System Analysis (Brown
Book), the Voltage at terminal of Motor
g
duringg startingg shall not fall below 80 % of rated voltage.

Hence this condition is satistfied for all the three

different trafo ratings

Motor Rated Voltage:

Please note that the motor rated
voltage is 6.3 kA where as the MV bus
and trafo sec. rated voltage is 6.6 kV
For ONAN ONAF rated
trafo, ETAP performs
Motor Start at ONAN
rating

CALCULATION OF TRAFO SEC. VOLTAGE AT MOTOR

START USING FORMULA COMPARISON
MotorStartingAnalysis
ForCirculationWater
For Circulation Water
PumpMotor

Trafo sec.VoltageatMotorStart
calculatedusingETAP

calculatedusing
calculated using
Formula

1620MVAtrafo
%Z=8,X\R=22.2

88.35%

87.36%

2025MVAtrafo
%Z=8,X\R=22.2

90.34%

89.89%

2025MVAtrafo
% Z = 10 X\R = 22 2
%Z=10,X\R=22.2

88.35%

87.35%

Almost same results using

formula and ETAP, confirms
the validity of the formula
used in UCH2 trafo sizing
calculations

Starting kVA of motor = Full Load kVA x 6 = 11412 kVA

Peak load on trafo excluding motor load = 13869 kVA

SUMMARY . UCH2 UAT SIZING

ETAP
Transformer
Sizing Module

Normal load
for GT, ST,
HRSG

Worst load
for GT, ST,
HRSG

Growth
Factor at
ONAF

16 20
MVA

Growth
Factor at
ONAN

20 25
MVA

20 25
MVA

AT Normal Load for GT, ST, HRSG Total BOP Load including UAT losses = 15.9 MVA approx
AT Worst Load for GT, ST, HRSG Total BOP Load including UAT losses = 15.3 15.6 MVA approx
The Motor starting Condition is satisfied for both transformer ratings as indicated in previous slides

SUMMARY . UPSIZING OF UCH2 UAT FROM 16 -20

MVA TO 20 25 MVA
Before addition of 1 MW
colony feeder and two
825 kW HSD Electric
Heaters

For 16 20 MVA trafo, at

motor start the voltage at
MV bus was greater than
90 %

After addition of 1 MW
colony feeder and two
825 kW HSD Electric
Heaters

For 16 20 MVA trafo, at

motor start the voltage at
MV bus became lesser
than 90 %

Mushtaq Sb. (from PMT)

required the voltage to
be greater than 90 %

To incorporate this
comment, UAT rating was
increased to 20 25
MVA trafo at 8 % Z

STANDARDIZATION ON ETAP FOR TRAFO SIZING

Havingg witnessed the harmonyy between ETAP

transformer sizing module and manual sizing
through formulae, the sizing calculations can
be standardized on ETAP

Following documents can be issued if sizing is

done using ETAP
ETAP Load Flow
analysis Report

Snapshot of ETAP
sizing Module

ETAP Motor Start

Study Report

THANK YOU
OU
Q&A