1

ON
GHAZI BAROTHA
HYDROPOWER PROJECT
BY
BILAL AHMAD ABBASI
C/No.13PWELE4296
Class.2013-17
SUBMITTED TO; Chief Engineer
GBHP

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------04
The project----------------------------------------------------------------06
Operation------------------------------------------------------------------07
Costs------------------------------------------------------------------------07
Feasibility report---------------------------------------------------------07
Project completion schedule------------------------------------------07
Technical sites------------------------------------------------------------08
Barrage --------------------------------------------------------------------09
Power channel -----------------------------------------------------------10
Power complex ----------------------------------------------------------11
Project cost and economics ------------------------------------------12
Forbay ---------------------------------------------------------------------20
Intake ---------------------------------------------------------------------20
Pen stock-----------------------------------------------------------------21
Turbine ------------------------------------------------------------------21

3
Generator --------------------------------------------------------------22
Tail race ----------------------------------------------------------------23
OPERATION SECTION:
DCS remote------------------------------------------------------------25
DCS local----------------------------------------------------------------25
DCS hardware---------------------------------------------------------26
ELECTRICAL SECTION:
Unit transformer -----------------------------------------------------27
Power transformer---------------------------------------------------27
Excitation transformer----------------------------------------------28
Field flashing transformer------------------------------------------28
Transformer testing -------------------------------------------------28
Lubricating oil pump------------------------------------------------29
Lubricating oil pump tank------------------------------------------29

Elecated oil tank-----------------------------------------------------29

Solenoid Valve and Pilot Check Valve------------------------------------30

High pressure oil pump-------------------------------------------------------30

Turbine lubrication oil system-----------------------------------------------31

500kv switchyard ---------------------------------------------------------------31

4
220 kv switchyard---------------------------------------------------------------31

GHAZI BAROTHA HYDROPOWER

PROJECT
INTRODUCTION
Electricity is the heartbeat of the modern world and
is a measure of the progress of a country. Nowadays with the
power generated you can turn deserts into gardens. Take Saudi
Arab as an example, a country known for its barren deserts. It has
now become able to export wheat just because of the electricity,
with the help of which it is pumping water far into the deserts and
is using electric sprinklers for spraying water on to the crop. Just
look around yourself, our life depends a lot upon electricity. The
lights, A.C.'s, TVs, fans, computers and lots of other appliances
are working just due to the invisible power of electricity. In short,
nowadays life has become luminous just due to electricity. But the
question is that "how this energy is generated?". According to the
law of conservation of energy, we must give something to get
something and from this law evolves the question, " What can we
give to get Electricity? ".
There are many ways to generate electricity, e.g., Nuclear
method, Hydal method, Thermal method, etc. One of these
methods which is utilized by the Govt. of Pakistan in the Ghazi
Barotha Power Plant is the Hydal method.
The GHAZI_BAROTHA hydropower
project is a major run-of-the river environmentally sustainable
power project, designed to meet the acute shortage of peak
power demand in our country. The project is based on the
utilization of the head available in the Indus River between
Tarbela dam near Ghazi confluence with the Haro River and the
Indus River near Barotha. In this reach the Indus River drops by
about 76m in a distance of 63km.It is the first hydropower project
in Pakistan in which no damming is done but the electricity is
produced by utilizing the difference of elevation. It will produce

6
electricity at an economical rate of 58 paisa per unit. This project
will earn a profit of Rs.13 Arabs per annum for the Government of
Pakistan. .
PROJECT SPONSOR: The project sponsor is the governmentowned Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA). It
identified the Ghazi Barotha project as and

opportunity to build a large-scale installation with minimal

disruption. At 1,450MW, the plant will account for over 10% of
current Pakistani capacity, making a major contribution to the
expansion programme. Resettlement will be limited to around 900
people. Ghazi Barotha is a run-of-river plant, with no need for
massive dams or reservoirs.

CONSULTANTS OF THE PROJECT:

1. Harza International, USA.
2. Binnie & Patner, UK.
3. Eubank & Preese,UK.
4. National Engineering Services Pakistan (Nespak).
5. Associated Consulting Engineer (ACE).

CONTRACTORS OF THE PROJECT:

1. Dong Fang Electric Corporation Of China.

2. Ghazi Barotha Contractors:

7
2.1 Impregilo,Italy.
2.2 Saad-ullah Khan.
2.3 Ed Zueblin, German.

THE PROJECT:
The GHAZI_BAROTHA hydropower project is a major run-of-the
river environmentally sustainable power project, designed to
meet the acute shortage of peak power demand in our country.
The project is based on the utilization of the head available in the
INDUS RIVER between TARBELA DAM near GHAZI confluence with
the HARO RIVER and the INDUS river near BAROTHA. In this reach
the INDUS RIVER drops by about 76m in a distance of 63km.

Layout of the

8
Ghazi Bharota
Project
The figure shows the detail of the project, it is evident that the
project will have three main components:

Barrage

Power channel

Power Complex.

The barrage located about 7km downstream of TARBELA DAM will

regulate the daily discharges from Tarbela and divert the water
into the power channel. The concrete lined power channel will
convey up to 1600 cumecs (56,500 cusecs) from the barrage to
the power complex. The channel will be 52 km long. The power
complex will be located near the confluence of the Indus & Haro
Rivers. It has a peak capacity of 1450 MW using 5x290//mw turbo
generators.
OPERATION:
The project will have an installed generating capacity of 1450 MW.
The power will be available during the critical months of May and
June when the whole country is short of power. The power channel
is designed to require regular de-watering for maintenance and
inspection. Other parts of the project can be isolated for
maintenance during the low flow season.
COSTS:
The total capital cost of the project at the September 1993 price
levels is estimated to be at US $2166 M including the
transmission links to the national grid, physical contingencies,
price contingencies and engineering.

9
One of the most important features of the project is that it
provides power peaking capacity throughout the year with full
power generation during the months if May and June when there
is a reduced generation from other hydropower projects as a
result of low reservoir levels.
FEASIBILITY REPORT:
The feasibility study of the project, completed in April 1997,
demonstrated the technical, environmental and economic
feasibility of the project. An independent panel of experts,
established for the project has been involved in the review of
various technical aspects of the project from the beginning of the
studies and the panel has endorsed the project as technically
sound and economically highly attractive
PROJECT COMPLETION SHCEDULE :
ACTIVITY

1994 1995 1996

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

LandAquisit ***** *****

ion
*
*
Relocation
and
***** *****
******
Resettleme *
*
nt Work

*****
*

Preparatory ***** *****

**
Work
*
*
Barrage

******

***** ***** *****

**
*
*
*

Power
Channel

******

***** ***** *****

**
*
*
*

10
Power
Complex

**

***** ***** ***** *****

******
*
*
*
*

The above table shows that the project will be completed in 2001.
The preparatory work and the land acquisition has been nearly
completed . The barrage, the power channel and the power
complex will take about five years to be completed.

TECHNICAL SITES:
The Ghazi Barotha project has basically three different technical
sites :
1. Barrage
2. Power Channel
3. Power complex

The whole project uses the fact that there is a difference of

altitude between Ghazi and Barotha. This difference in altitude
will be used to accelerate the water and this acceleration is
utilized in producing power.
BARRAGE :
The barrage will be located at 7km from the Tarbela Dam. The
following figure shows the basic construction.
Just before the village Ghazi the barrage pond woll be
constructed. The functions of the barrage are :

To store the water,

To divert the water to the water channel.

11
There will be a seperating
island on which the control
house will be constructed.
Near the right bank thee will
be 20 standard bays which
will be used in regulating the
water in the Indus. On the
left bank there is a head
regulator which will control
the inflow into the channel.
The good thing about the
diversion is that the water
required will be supplied
through the year without any
interruption. You can see a
separating dyke which will be
1km long. The main purpose
of the dyke is to save the village Ghazi from soil errosion.

12

POWER CHANNEL :
The diverted water from the
barrage will go into the
channel. The main purpose
of the power channel is to
carry water from Ghazi to
Barotha with minimum losse
in water. The dimensions of
the channel are shown in the
following figure.
It will be 9m deep and 58.4m
wide. It will have on both
sides 10m service road and
25 bridges will connect them. The spoil banks on either sides will
be made from the soil extracted from the channel and will guard
against some rise in water level. An interesting construction will
be an under drainage which will stop under seeping of the water
into the soil and thus saving valuable water. If by chance there is
any seepage there will be another gravel layer which will not
allow the water to enter the soil. Any water which seeps through
the concrete lining will be collected in the sumps. Pumps will then
carry this water back into the channel. Another benefit which will
be derived from the channel is that water form any water logged
area near the channel will enter it and hence reduce the water
logging.

13

POWER COMPLEX
The power complex is the
most important part of the
whole construction because
Electricity will be produced
here. The water from the
power channel will enter the
forebay. Any excess water in
the rainy season will be
stored in either the north
head pond or the south head
pond. The power house will
have a pen stalk with 5
tunnels in them and in each
tunnel there will be one
turbine connected with a generator, having a capacity of 290MW.
The speed of the water will be utilized to run the turbines and in
turn to produce power. This speed will be acheived from the
negative gradient of the channel. A spillway is provided ot remove
any undesired water any time. The water after utilization will reenter the river Indus near Barotha. .
AGGREGATES USED IN CONSTRUCTION:
The aggregates used in the construction of this
project are (a) River bed materials,(b)LAN spur sand & (c)Rip rap
materials brought from Burkan.
MIXING OF CONCRETE:

14
The mixing of concrete is done in a Batching plant,
which is computerized. There are 4 batching plants used in the
construction of this project, 2 for barrage and 1 each for power
channel & power complex.

CURING OF CONCRETE:
Using special curing compounds instead of using
water to speed up construction does the curing of concrete.
Curing compounds when sprayed on concrete forms a film and
the water in the concrete is utilized. The color of the compound is
off white, which reflects the temperature, and keeps the concrete
cold.

PROJECT COST AND ECONIMICS.

Now you will get an over-view on the cost and economics of Ghazi
Barotha Hydro Power Project. It will be completed by the year
2001. The total cost of the project is about 2.2 billion US dollars.
Foreign exchange loan will constitute about 56 % of the total cost
will the remaining 44 % will be provided by the Governement of
Pakistan.
Let us see who the major contributors are apart from the
Government of Pakistan :

15

Total foreign exchange loan : 250 Million US $

FINANCER

AMOUNT, US $ %AGE OF %AGE OF TOTAL

LOAN
COST
( million )

350

28

15.9

350

28

15.9

Asian Development 300

24

13.6

150

12

6.8

60

4.8

2.7

40

3.2

1.8

World Bank
Japan

Bank
Germany
European
Investment
Bank
Islamic
Development
Bank

16
This table showas that the major financers are Japan and the
World Bank. Each is providing 250 million US $ i.e., 28 % of the
foreign exchange loan and 15.0 % of the total cost of the project.

Let us see what methodology and scales have been adopted

to estimate the cost of the project.

1. The cost estimates are based on July 1990 price levels and at
an exchange rate of Rs. 22 per US $.
2. Most prices were estimated by analytical methods, although
few were based upon previous estimates or other past
experiences, with appropriate adjustment.
3. The cost calculation were divided into local and foreign
currency components.
4. Labour, cement, reinforcing steel, electricity, fuel and
lubricants were considered as local costs and the market
prices for these items were used.
5. Equipment, spare parts, M & E palnt and equipment were
considered as foregin costs.
6. Tools, materials and supplies were considered to have a 25
% local and 75 % foreign currency comoponens.
7. Custom duties and taxes on imported equipment are not
included in these estimates.
* Since, the exchange rate of US $ in Pakistani Rupee has risen considerably, as compared to the
exchange rate discussed above, so the total cost has changed accordingly.

SUMMARY OF PROJECT COST BASED ON JULY 1990 PRICES

WITH LOCAL CURRENCY ADJUSTED FOR INDIRECT FOREIGN
COMPONENT. ( US $ 1.00 = Rs. 22 )

ESTIMATED COST
EXPRESS

EXPRES

17
SES IN
Rs.
MILLLIO
N

ED IN US
$
MILLION

LOCAL
FOREIGN
CURRENC CURRENC
Descript Y
Y
TOTAL
ion

LOCAL
FOREIGN
CURRENC CURRENC
Y
Y
TOTAL

Land
Acquisiti
- on &
51.08
Relocati
on

6.31

57.39

1123.76

138.82

1262.5
8

Preparat
o- ry
26.55
Works

25.45

52.00

584.32

559.9

1144.0
0

Power
House

17.15

20.04

63.58

377.30

440.88

Barrage 115.66

417.97

533.63 2544.52

9195.34

11739.
86

Power
162.79
Channel

547.88

710.67 3581.38

12053.36

15634.
74

Power
Comple 180.58
x

645.65

826.23 3972.66

14209.36

18177.
06

COMPONEN COMPONEN
T
T

2.89

COMPONEN COMPONEN
T
T

18
EFFECTS
EFFECTS ON THE PEOPLE:
Seen as a whole, the project is undoubtedly a blessing
for the people of Pakistan, as it will be a major step towards the
solution of the prevalent energy crises. However, for the section
of people belonging to the vicinity of the affected areas, the
project is not less than a catastrophe. Twenty years ago they
sacrificed their land and livelihood for Tarbela Dam Project.
They again have foreseen that they have to give up the remaining
land for the sake of their countries prosperity.
The survey carried out by a team, comprising of the
students of GIK (Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engg. &
Technology), revealed that most of the people were not satisfied
by the compensations, which have been made by the
government. They make the following complaints:
1. The power channel will act as a barrier for a farmer wishing
to get over the other end of his piece of land, located on the
other side of the channel. As a result, he will have to bear
the additional burden of the bus-fare
2.
3. Diversion of water from Ghazi to Barotha will deplete the
Indus from Ghazi to Qazipur. This will have a drastic affect in
the marine life and also, the lives of hundreds of tribesmen
will be effected.
4. The attitude of the patwaris also poses a lot of trouble. They
ask for hefty bribes, threaten them that if they fail to deliver
the required sum they will declare their agricultural land as
being barren and as a result the price of their land will
drastically fall.

19
5. Preference is being given to the outsiders rather than the
locals, regarding the availability of jobs, both technical as
well as non-technical ones, at the construction sites. The job
permits, which have been issued to them, have only proved
to be a formality and the construction company has adopted
a rigid and biased attitude towards the locals. .
EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT:
The project is not expected to induce a major
influence on the environment. Such effects on the environment
are predicted on the basis of experience with a similar project in a
comparable environment. Direct or primary effects can usually be
fore-seen and from them the indirect effects can be concluded.
EFFECT OF THE BARRAGE:
The most significant effect is on the aquatic
environment and the conversion of a stretch of braided riverbed
into a fluctuating pool, with a maximum area of 1,000 hectares.
The present land used for the riverbed is a source of cobbles and
fuel wood with some land used for grazing and for fishermans'
camps. As a result of the construction of the Barrage, the price of
land is increased as it shifts from agricultural to commercial
development.

20

EFFECT OF THE POWER CHANNEL:

The power channel and its right-of-way including an
allowance for the contingencies take about 1000 hectares of land.
After rehabilitation it has become a much-improved area.
The major land acquisition near Barotha is about 850
hectares. About 40 % of this land is arable, of which only 6 % is
irrigated. The rest currently is woodland, pastureland and
wasteland.
EFFECT ON THE RIVER INDUS:
The ground water inflow-outflow relationship along
the river is somewhat altered. The presence of pond upstream of
Ghazi has increased recharge from the river locally, now limited to
the periods of high flow. From Ghazi to Qazipur, the period of
recharge is somewhat shortened and the dry season outflow to
the river is somewhat increased. This will not affect the locals, as
at the present, only a small percentage of the consumptive
requirements of the 15 riverside villages is met from the river; the
rest comes from the ground water.
The feasibility report says that the reduction of flow in
the river is not expected to affect the local livestock as substantial
pools wall still remain. This contradicts to what the local people
claim that not only will there be no aquatic life left, but also water
for drinking purposes will be adversely affected. The government
sources, however, claim that 80 % of the villages have sufficient
ground water beyond their domestic requirements and hence this
reduction in flow will not affect the villages that badly.

21

PROJECT COMPLETION SCHEDULE:

ACTIVIT
Y

199
4

199
5

Land
Acquisiti
on

****
**

****
**

Relocatio ****
n&
**
Resettle
ment
work
Preparat
ory work

****
**

199
6

199
7

****
**

****
**

****
**

****
**

**

199
8

199
9

Barrage

****
**

****
**

****
**

**

Power
Channel

****
**

****
**

****
**

**

Power
Complex

**

****
**

****
**

****
**

200
0

200
1

****
**

****
**

THE CONCLUSIONS:
With plans afoot to bring electricity to every village in the
country, coupled with the need for greater industrial growth to

22
cater for the enormous requirements of Central Asia, the per
capita energy utilization in Pakistan is set to grow.
However, in spite of their protestations to the contrary the WAPDA
authorities have initiated countrywide load shedding in the past.
The perspective of the situation was that many of the medium
and small-scale industrial units were lying idle and many of the
larger units have been running at less than full capacity!!
The writing on the wall is too clear and far too far from being
comfortable. The demand supply gap in our electrical power
generation is negative and with the progress of time, day by day,
month by month and year by year, this gap is projected to widen,
not arithmetically, but close to exponentially! However we can
somehow avoid worse conditions if we start acting promptly from
the time on.

Indeed, the requirement for power generation in Pakistan is

becoming more and more crucial. It is important not only for our
technical and socio-economic growth, but has also become
imperative to sustain the present state of affairs.
Of the a major forms of power generation, there are three options
available to us i.e., Nuclear, Thermal and Hydel.
Nuclear, though expensive as far as the infra structural
requirements are concerned, will definitely be the most
economical one to generate power for a longer time span and
with a proper and diligently maintained safe-guards against
radiation leaks it will have comparatively no short term effects on
the environment. However, due to a number of external political
factors our capacity to depend on it, alone for power-generation,
is somewhat restricted.

23
Thermal energy generation is dependent on fossil fuels, which
have to be imported, as their availability in the country is
somewhat restricted. Also, it is a fact their extraction is costly
process, which has a direct impact on the cost of the generation
of electricity.
Cost per unit of electricity is a major consideration in Pakistan.
Why is the emphasis being laid so much on the cost? It's because,
being a third world nation and having a weak economy, the cost
must be of major concern for any such Government which wishes
to remain in power.
Environmentally, the thermal power generation is a disaster. It is
a direct form of power generation devised by man. Whether the
power stations are run on fuel oils, gas or coal, the end products,
i.e., the burnt hydrocarbons and the organic materials are being
perpetually released into the atmosphere. In contrast, the
number of adverse environmental damages caused by Nuclear or
Hydel generation systems are negligible.
The most non-controversial mode of power generation in Pakistan
shall always by the Hydel mode of Power Generation. As
discussed before, this project might have its own socio-economic
effects, but years of research and feasibility reports by world
class experts have cleared up the confusion in the air to such a
large extent that the project may by be regarded as a model in
itself.Once it starts working, it will provide the nation with a
continuous peak power of 1250KW. 24 hours a day, 365 days a
year and year after year, as long as the Indus continues to flow
past its
huge turbines, a continuous supply of power will be guaranteed.
After its passage
through the dam, the water will still by clean, deep blue and
environmentally friendly. Perhaps, it may by slightly magnetically

24
charged due the effect of the generators, but it is a fact that
magnetic water is health friendly.
Major Components
Forebay
The long power channel ends at the tail regulator
which controls the level of water and is followed by another
channel called forebay. The level of the forebay is maintained at
333.8meter with 334.5 m is its peak height and 329m is the
lowest or dead level. This level is checked with respect to the sea
level .
Intake
The forebay ends at the intake from where the water
goes to turbine through penstock. The quantity of water here is
1600cumecs and the speed is 2.3m/sec . The capacity of water in
each penstock is 465cumecs which makes 2325cumecs so if
combine 5 units are in running mode then we have outflow much
more than inflow so the ponds will start to vacate and the level of
the forebay will too be disturbed. So normally 4 units are on at a
time and 5 units works only in peak hours. The gross head
between the head and the tail race is
69 meter.

25

Pen Stock
Penstock are long steel pipes enclosed by concrete
structure with 11.5 diameter. They are 5 in number having 2
gates at each opening .These gates are used to isolate the turbine
from forebay during annual maintenance or any emergency
condition. These gates are seldom checked sometimes and for
that purpose ,stop blocks are used to control the flow fixed next to
gates. Each penstock are followed by turbine .
Turbine
Spiral casing, the runner and the blades together
make turbine .Water from the penstock enters to the spiral
shaped casing .In the spiral casing are fitted wicked gates used to
control the flow of water which are 24 in number .These gates are
opened or closed according to the load and are fully opened
during peak hours. Two servo motors are installed to control the
position of wicked gates and this assembly can be watched by the
angle meter installed there. When the dial is at maximum angle
i.e 40 degree then wicked gates are fully opened and when at 0

26
degree they are fully closed. Normally the angle is at 30 degree.
Servo motors are governed by governor pumps through which
pressurized oil is used for the brakes which is based on hydraulic
system. Water from the spiral casing falls on blades mounted on
runner . The runner is attached to the shaft which is connected to
the router of the generator. The shaft is made to rotate at the
angular frequency of 100 rpm .

The type of turbine used here are francis reaction turbine which
are 5 in number .
Generator
The stator turns the router which is connected to
generator which generates electricity . It is composed of slip
rings, carbon brushes electromagnets and three phase mounted
at 120 out of phase to each other . Each generators capacity is
290 MW . The generator generates an output of 18kv and the
rated current of 10,000 approx. The generator needs some
excitation to produce flux in magnetic field which is provided by
the excitation transformer . This transformer steps down 18 kv to
450v which in the converted into dc by the AVR assembly and
then provided to the windings of the generator which produces
the flux. The amount of flux produce in the windings depends
upon the amount of current pass through it so when the load

27
increases the excitation current also increase which increases the
flux and hence increases the power generated to meet the
required load.
When a unit is in the rest state meaning not taking the load
and we wants to starts it then the excitation voltage is provided
by the FFT assembly and once the generator gets started then the
FFT becomes disconnected and it is then self-excited through the
assembly explained above.

Tail race
the water flows out of the turbine to the tail race . it is a place
before which all the potential energy of water due to head (69m)
is converted into mechanical energy by the turbine. The water in
the tail race finally meets the indus river.

28

Operation Section
In operation section, we have three main sections which are
controlling the operation of generator ,its speed , power which
includes active as well as reactive power which is in Mega war .

29
The reactive power is controlled by the excitation current
provided to the excitation assembly which depends upon the
inductive load at the load side. These main sections includes
1.DCS REMOTE

This has a specific section known as control room

where it has its primary control .

2.DCS LOCAL

Normally the control is switched to DCS local and it

has a specific assembly which are 5 in number each for a specific
generator. Each generator is controlled by its respective DCS .
These DCS systems are automatic and they need only commands
and are controlled by PLC systems .It has a touchpad installed and
a screen i.e if we want to turn on the generator , then there are
five steps for its working two of them are opening of the wicked
gates and pressurized oil between stator and router. When these
steps are completed indicated by the flash lights installed in a row
, then the generator will start working otherwise it will remain off.
Similarly there are steps too for closing the unit. The excitation
current is also controlled here.

30

3.DCS HARDWIRE

This system is installed on a panel near to local panel controls. It

is an old system and can be switched sometimes i.e when there is
annual maintenance .
These section has a selection switch which can select the
respective control .

31

Electrical Section
1) Unit transformer
Unit transformer steps down the 18kv voltage generated by
the generator to 11kv. the output of the unit transformer goes
to the LV room which is used for all the auxiliaries of the power
house and is controlled from the panels in the LV room. They
are three in number.
2) Power transformer
The power transformer are 15 in number each having capacity
of 107.5MVA and are used to step up the 18kv voltage of the
generator to 500kv and is then send to the switch yard for
further operation and control.

32

3) Excitation transformer
Excitation transformer steps down the 18kv voltage of the
generator to 450v which is the converted to DC and is
supplied to the windings of the generator for producing the
flux.
4) Field flashing transformer
The supply from the LV room goes to the FFT which steps down
it into 450v and is then used for the excitation in a situation
when a unit is in the closed position. Once a unit gets started
then FFT becomes disconnected and the excitation transformer
does the job .

33
Transformer Testing
The power transformer are tested daily , monthly and also
annually .
Routine Tests of Transformer

Routine tests of transformer is mainly for confirming

operational performance of individual unit in a production lot.
Routine tests are carried out on every unit manufactured.
Type tests of transformer includes
1.
Transformer winding resistance measurement
2.
Transformer ratio test.
3.
Transformer vector group test.
4.
Measurement of impedance voltage/short circuit impedance (principal
tap) and load loss (Short circuit test).
5.
Measurement of no load loss and current (Open circuit test).
6.
Measurement of insulation resistance.
7.
Dielectric tests of transformer.
8.
Temperature rise test of transformer.
9.
Tests on on-load tap-changer.
10. Vacuum tests on tank and radiators.

Lubricating Oil System

The oil lubricating system is composed of following main
components and parts
Lubricating Oil Pump
Two units of horizontal gear type pump
each mounted on the lubricating sump tank connected to the
servo motors to provide the pressurized oil . One unit is used for

34
the normal operation and the other is standby. Each pump is
provided with the safety relieve valve which is to protect it
against excessive pressure.
Lubricating Oil Sump Tank
It is an oil reservoir used for
storing oil supplied to oil pump . It can store 110% of the oil
supplied to the pump . The tank is provided with a float type level
indicator with level switches .
Elevated Oil tank
The elevated oil tank is used to feed oil to
the bearings. It is used too when the lubricating oil pump is not
working or AC power is lost.
Solenoid Valve and Pilot Check Valve
The pilot check
valve controlled by solenoid valve is used to prevent the oil going
from the elevated tank to the sump tank through the bearings
while turbine is not operated.
High pressure oil pump
High pressure oil pump are used to
lift the shaft of the generator mounted on stator. They are also
two in number and one is on standby.

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Switch yard
There are two switch yards in barotha power
house

500 kv switch yard

The output of the power transformer
which is 500 kv enters the switch yard. There are two bus bars in
the 500 kv switch yard having one and a half scheme
arrangements and having 7 bays . the output of the 15 genarators

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are three lines of 500 kv and of the red , yellow and blue type
which are connected to the corresponding bays. The out put of
the generator are connected to bay two and that of the generator
two to bay three and so on. There are six lines coming out of the
switch .two of the six lines goes to tharbella , two line to ghatti
and two lines to rawat. Here a seven bay is also built for future
which are not in the circuit now. A connection is taken from bay
one and is given to the auto-transformer bank which steps down
the 500kv voltage to 220kv and these lines enters the 220kv
switch yard.

220kv switch yard

the output of the auto-transformer bank enters the 220kv
switchyard having the same one and a half bus bar scheme as the
500kv switch yard.from here one 220kv line goes to mardan while
goes to shekh muhammadi.

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