1.

The chief advantage of coaxial cable over open-wire line is

A. minimized radiation loss
B. low noise pick up
C. low cost
D. low resistive losses

2.

Unshielded twisted-pair cable is

A. Seldom used due to noise problems
B. Increasingly used in computer networking
C. More costly than coaxial cable
D. all of the cable

3.

The ratio of actual velocity to free-space velocity is called

A. velocity factor
B. velocity of propagation
C. relative dielectric constant
D. delay time

4.

In a balanced line, the same current flows in each line but is

A. 45o out of phase
B. 180o out of phase
C. 90o out of phase
D. 270o out of phase
A non lossy transmission line that is terminated with a resistive load that is equal to the characteristic
impedance of the line
A. Has the same impedance at all points along the line
B. Has the same voltage at points along the line
C. Has a reflection coefficient at the load equal to zero
D. all of the above

5.

6.

A flat line standing wave graph indicates

A. no reflection
B. no physical imperfection
C. SWR = 1
D. both A & C

7.

A non lossy transmission line terminated with a short circuit has an

A. in-phase reflected voltage that is equal in magnitude to the incident voltage
B. Opposite-phase reflected voltage that is equal in magnitude to the incident voltage
C. in-phase reflected voltage that is smaller in magnitude than the incident voltage
D. opposite-phase reflected voltage that is smaller in magnitude than the incident voltage

8.

a 50 ohm transmission line that has a load impedance of 300 ohm has a VSWR of
A. 6:1
C. 0.666:1
B. 1:6
D. 5:1

9.

The input impedance of a quarter-wavelength section of a 50 ohm transmission line that is terminated with a
short is
A. 50 ohm
C. Infinite (open)
B. 0 ohm (short)
D. 100 ohm

10. You are to construct a two-wire open air transmission line, using No.4 copper wire to have a length of 800 ft.
and Zo = 600 ohm for use in transmitting 50 kW carrier 100% modulated. Find the RF resistance of the line at
4.16 MHz.
A. 16 ohm
C. 20 ohm
B. 10 ohm
D. 25 ohm
11. A device that is used to match an unbalanced transmission line to a balanced transmission line is called a
A. Balun
B. Slotted line
C. Shorted stub section
D. none of the above
12. A 50 ohm transmission line with a 300 ohm load impedance has a reflection coefficient of
A. 6
C. 0.714
B. 0.166
D. 1.4

13. A transmission line can be used as a(n)

A. inductor
B. matching section
C. capacitor
D. all of the above
14. A transmission line is the conductive connection between system elements that carry _____ power.
A. radiated
C. high-level
B. signal
D. current
15. A CAT5 cable must satisfy minimum ________ loss and near-end crosstalk for a minimum frequency of 100
MHz.
A. external
C. skin
B. CMR
D. attenuation
16. The characteristic impedance of a transmission line can be calculated from its electrical or __________
characteristics.
A. physical
C. metallic
B. insulating
D. reflection
17. The velocity constant is a ratio of ______ velocity to velocity in free space.
A. relative
C. angular
B. actual
D. reflection
18. A nonresonant line is terminated with a _______ load equal in value to its characteristic impedance.
A. reactive
C. resistive
B. impedance
D. shorted
19. You are to construct a two-wire open air transmission line, using No.4 copper wire to have a length of 800 ft.
and Zo = 600 ohm for use in transmitting 50 kW carrier 100% modulated. Find the DC resistance of the line.
A. 0.7863 ohm
C. 0.896 ohm
B. 0.4134 ohm
D. 0.621 ohm
20. An abrupt reversal in the direction of voltage and current is termed _______.
A. reflection
C. VSWR
B. SWR
D. match
21. The electrical length of a transmission line is given in _______.
A. meters
C. microns
B. feet
D. wavelength
22. When using a Smith chart, the process of dividing impedances by the lines characteristic impedance is called
________.
A. coding
C. normalizing
B. transforming
D. limiting
23. TDR is a system where a _______ is transmitted into a line to determine its condition.
A. sinewave
C. squarewave
B. pulse
D. voltage
24. Magnetic field losses occur when _______ are induced in a nearby conductor.
A. currents
C. pulses
B. voltages
D. distortion
25. when the transmission line is matched to the load, it
A. transfers maximum current to the load
B. transfers maximum voltage to the load
C. transfers maximum power to the load
D. reduces the load current
26. What would the SWR of a short transmission line be if it is properly terminated?
A. 1:1
C. 1:2
B. 1:4
D. 1:3
27. Fiber optics uses what medium to send information?
A. Electrons
C. Photons

B.

Link 11 D. Light *

28. The fiber optic receiver performs which of the following functions?
A. Amplifies the optical signal
B. Amplifies the electrical signal *
C. Converts the optical signal back into an optical signal
D. Converts the optical signal back into an electrical signal
29. What are the three parts of a fiber optic data link?
A. Transmitter, optical fiber, receiver*
B. Transmitter, optical fiber, optical connectors
C. Optical fiber, optical connectors, receiver
D. Optical fiber, optical connectors, optical splices
30. Noise has what effect, if any, on the quality of a signal?
A. Increases
B. Reduces *
C. None; noise has no effect
D. Either increase or decrease
31. The fiber optic transmitter has which of the following functions?
A. amplifies the optical signal *
B. converts the electrical input signal to an optical signal
C.
D.

converts the input optical signal to an electrical signal

amplifies the output electrical signal

32. Fiber optic systems use what two types optical sources?
A. LEDs and APDs
B. PIN diodes and LEDs
C. LEDs and laser diodes *
D. Laser diodes and APDs
33. The optical source performs which of the following functions?
A. Amplifies the optical signal
B. Amplifies the electrical signal
C. Launches the optical signal into the fiber *
D. Converts the optical signal to an electrical signal
34. What fiber mechanisms weaken and distort the optical signal launched into the fiber?
A. Scattering, absorption, and dispersion *
B. Scattering, radiation, and absorption
C. Dispersion, radiation, and absorption
D. Scattering, reflection, and refraction
35. What was the first light source developed that could be easily coupled into a fiber?
A. LED
C. lamp *
B. YAG laser
D. PIN diode
36. The cladding performs all except which of the following functions?
A. Reduces the loss of light from the core
B. Reduces the scattering loss at the surface of the core
C. Protects the fiber core from absorbing surface contaminants *
D. Reduces mechanical strength
37. What are the two parts of a fiber optic receiver?
A. Fiber and case
B. Fiber and optical detector
C. Optical detector and PIN diode
D. Optical detector and signal conditioning circuits *
38. What are the two types of optical detectors?
A. LEDs and APDs
B. PIN diodes and APDs *

C.
D.

Laser diodes and APDs

Laser diodes and PIN diodes

39. Extremely high losses occurred in early fibers because of which of the following conditions?
A. Cracks in the fibers
B. Holes in the fiber sides
C. Core areas too small in the fibers
D. Impurities in the fiber material *
40. What multimode fiber properties help reduce connection losses?
A. Larger core size and lower NA
B. Larger core size and higher NA
C. smaller core size and lower NA *
D. smaller core size and higher NA
41. Fiber optics is being used in which of the following types of applications?
A. Long-haul communications
B. Subscriber-loop applications
C. Military applications *
D. All of the above
42. Of the following advantages, which one does NOT apply to fiber optics?
A. Established standards
B. Increased bandwidth
C. Improved environmental *
D. Improved signal security
43. Attenuation is specified in what units?
A. dB
C. dB/km *
B. nm
D. nm/km
44. Of the following factors, which ones are advantages of fiber optic systems?
A. Electrical isolation and low bandwidth
B. Immunity to noise and low bandwidth
C. Electrical isolation and immunity to Noise *
D. Signal security and high price
45. To describe the nature of light, which of the following ways can be used?
A. Electromagnetic wave only
B. Particles of energy only
C. Electromagnetic wave and particles of energy *
D. Element
46. What does a transparent substance do to light rays that fall on it?
A. Absorbs them *
C. reflects them
B. Refracts them
D. transmits them
47. What does a translucent substance do to light rays that fall on it?
A. Reflects and absorbs them *
B. Refracts and absorbs them
C. Transmits and diffuses them
D. Transmits and reflects them
48. Which of the following substances is a good example of a translucent substance?
A. Cardboard *
C. Clear glass
B. Frosted glass
D. Aluminum foil
49. Which of the following substances is a good example of a transparent substance?
A. Cardboard
C. Clear glass *
B. Frosted glass
D. Aluminum foil
50. If a light wave passes from a less dense medium to a more dense medium, how does the angle of refraction
comopare to the angle of incidence?
A. Greater than the angle of incidence only

B.
C.
D.

Equal to the angle of incidence only

Greater than or equal to the angle of incidence *
Less than the angle of incidence

51. What does an opaque substance do when light rays fall on it?
A. Reflects them *
B. Reflects or absorbs them
C. Transmits them only
D. Transmits and diffuses them
52. Which of the following substances is an example of an opaque substance?
A. Cardboard
C. Clear glass
B. Oiled paper
D. Frosted glass *
53. What are light waves called that strike a surface but are neither transmitted nor absorbed?
A. Diffused
C. Refracted
B. Reflected
D. Diffracted *
54. What is the name of the law that states The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection?
A. Snells Law
B. Law of Entropy *
C. Murphys Law
D. Law of Reflection
55. A light wave is incident on a surface. The reflected power is the greatest in which of the following incidences?
A. 30
C. 45 *
B. perpendicular
D. almost parallel
56. A light wave passes from one medium into another medium with a different velocity. As the wave enters the
second medium, the change of direction is known by which of the following terms?
A. Reflection
C. Refraction
B. Absorption
D. Diffusion *
57. What is another word for diffused?
A. Absorbed
C. Refracted
B. Scattered *
D. Attenuated
58. The fiber NA relates to which of the following characteristics?
A. Physical size of the fiber
B. Tensile strength of the fiber
C. Maximum angle within the fiber acceptance cone *
D. Speed of light within the fiber
59. When light falls on a piece of black paper, what happens to most of the light?
A. It is absorbed *
C. It is reflected
B. It is scattered
D. It is refracted
60. The lowest signal loss and the highest bandwidth are characteristic of which of the following types of fibers?
A. Air core
C. Multimode
B. Single mode *
D. Plastic core
61. Light is transmitted along an optical fiber by what two methods?
A. Ray theory and mode theory
B. Ray theory and photon theory *
C. Ray theory and quantum theory
D.

Mode theory and photon theory

62. How does the speed of light in the fiber compare to the speed of light in the air?
A. It is slower in the fiber
B. It is faster in the fiber *
C. It is the same in both the fiber and the air
D. No relationship
63. Total internal reflection occurs at which of the following angles?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Obtuse angle
Right angle
Fresnel angle
Critical angle of incidence *

64. What are the three basic parts of an optical fiber?

A. Core, cladding, and coating *
B. Inside, middle, and outside
C. Fiber, Kevlar, and jacket
D. Hole, shell, and coating
65. What are the two basic types of fibers?
A. Small and large
B. Glass and plastic
C. Opaque and diffuse
D. Single mode and multimode *
66. When different colors of light travel through the fiber at different speeds, which of the following types of
dispersion occurs?
A. Modal
C. Intramodal (chromatic) *
B. Intermodal
D. Atmospheric
67. Compared to single mode fibers, multimode fibers have which of the following advantages?
A. Ease of making connections only
B. Ease of launching light into them only
C. Ease of both making connections and launching light into them *
D. Lower dispersion
68. System performance is affected most by which of the following fiber properties?
A. NA and delta
B. Core diameter and NA
C. Attenuation and dispersion
D. Core diameter and cladding *
69. The loss of optical power as light travels along a fiber is called
A. Attenuation
C. scattering
B. absorption
D. dispersion *
70. Increased extrinsic absorption at 950 nm, 1,250 nm, and 1,383 nm is caused by what impurity in glass optical
fibers?
A. Phosphorus
C. Germanium
B. Titanium *
D. Water
71. Only in multimode fibers does which of the following types of dispersion occur?
A. Modal
C. Material
B. Waveguide
D. Chromatic *
72. In a step-index fiber, the refractive index profile of the fiber core has which of the following characteristics?
A. It is uniform over the fiber core
B. It linearly decreases from a maximum at the fiber center to a minimum at the core-cladding boundary *
C. It is parabolic with a maximum index of refraction at the core-cladding boundary
D. It linearly increases from a minimum at the fiber center to a maximum at the core cladding boundary
73. The loss in single-mode fiber-optic cable due to a splice is about:
A. 0.02 dB *
C. 1 dB
B. 0.2 db
D. 3 dB
74. Single-mode fiber is made from:
A. glass *
C. both a and b
B. plastic
D.none of the above
75. Fiber-optic cables do not:
A. carry current
C. generate EMI
B. cause crosstalk
D. all of the above *
76. The loss in single-mode fiber-optic cable due to the glass is about:

A. 40 dB per km
B. 4 db per km
C. 0.4 dB per km
D. zero loss
77. The shape of the electromagnetic energy radiated from or received by an antenna is called the
A. signal shape
B. electromagnetic pattern
C. radiation pattern *
D. antenna pattern
78. Antennas that transmit an equal amount of energy in the horizontal direction are called
A. bi-directional
B. unidirectional
C. omnidirectional *
D. unilateral
79. The ability of an antenna to send or receive signals over a narrow horizontal directional range is referred to as
A. focal factor
B. permittivity
C. directivity *
D. horizontal range
80. A basic antenna connected to a transmission line plus one or more additional conductors that are not
connected to the transmission line form a
A. parasitic array *
B. bi-directional array
C. half-wave dipole
D. counterpoise
81. An antenna made up of a driven element and one or more parasitic elements is generally referred to as a
A. Hertz antenna
B. Marconi antenna
C. collinear antenna
D. Yagi antenna *
82. Which antennas usually consist of two or more half-wave dipoles mounted end to end?
A. Hertz
B. Marconi
C. Collinear *
D. Yagi
83. A stacked collinear antenna consisting of half-wave dipoles spaced from one another by one-half wavelengths
is the
A. broadside array *
B. end-fire array
C. wide-bandwidth array
D. parasitic array
84. When the characteristic impedance of the transmission line matches the output impedance of the transmitter
and the impedance of the antenna itself,
A. the SWR will be 10:1
B. the SWR will be 1:10
C. minimum power transfer will take place
D. maximum power transfer will take place *
85. A one-quarter wavelength of coaxial or balanced transmission line of a specific impedance connected
between a load and a source in order to match impedances is
A. a balun
B. an autotransformer
C. a Q section *
D. dummy load
PROBLEM SOLVING:
86. What is the length of a quarter-wavelength section of RG-8A/U coaxial cable at a frequency of 144.2 MHz if its
velocity factor is 0.69.

A. 52.1 cm
B. 35.9 cm

C. 43.6 cm
D. 2.08 cm

1.

Compute the EIRP in dBm where the transmitter output power is 200mW at the wavegude flange, the transmission line losses a
and the antenna gain is 37.3 dB.

2.
3.

A dipole antenna has an efficiency of 85%. Calculate its gain in decibels.

For Ethernet system with a length of 2.5km on coaxial cable with a velocity factor of 0.66. What is the propagation delay?

4.
5.

The input impedance of a quarter-wavelength section of a 50- transmission line that is terminated with a short is __
The maximum voltage standing wave of an RG-11/U foam coaxial cable is 52 V and its minimum voltage is 17 V. How many per
incident power is the reflected power?
A. 51%
C. 3%
B. 26%
D. 97%

6.

Determine the phase-shift represented by a 75 ns delay of a 4 MHz signal to a 75-ft cable with a dielectric constant of 2.3
A. 108 degrees *
C. 52 degrees
B. 4.8 degrees
D. 250 degrees
A dipole antenna has a radiation resistance of 67 ohms and a loss resistance of 5 ohms, measured at the feedpoint. Calculate the

7.

A 30-m long lossless transmission lie with Z 0 = 50 operating at 2 MHz is terminated with a load Z L = 60 + j40 . Find the stan
ratio.
9. In a single-mode fiber cable, determine the maximum allowable diameter of the core for light frequency of 300 THz and numeric
of 0.35.
10. The refractive indices of core and cladding materials of a step index fiber are 1.48 and 1.45, respectively. Calculate the fractio
change.
8.

EXPLANATION:
1. What is the difference between parasitic and driven arrays?
2. Give the common types of driven arrays. Describe each type.