Srr320205 Power Systems III

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Code No: RR320205 Set No. 1

III B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
POWER SYSTEMS-III
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Discuss why
The function f (x ± vt) represents is a traveling wave.
(b) A traveling wave suffers reflection when it reaches a discontinuity.
2. (a) Distinguish between neutral earthing and equipment earthing .

(b) Explain the necessity of reactance grounding.
3. For a 32 kV System reactance and capacitance up to the location of the circuit

breaker is 3 ohms and 0.015 microfarad, respectively. Calculate the following
[8+8]
[4+4+8]
(a) The frequency of transients oscillation

(b) The maximum value of restriking voltage across the contacts of the circuit
breaker
(c) The maximum value of RRRV. [6+4+6]
4. Explain direct testing of circuit breakers with a neat diagram. [8+8]
5. (a) What is a protective relay? What are the fundamental requirements of pro-
tective relaying. What are the unit system of protection and non-unit system
of protection. [2+4+2]
(b) Explain in detail the primary and back-up protection. What are the advan-
tages of zonal protection. [4+4]
6. (a) Explain the merits and demerits of static relays.

(b) Discuss how an amplitude comparator can be converted into a phase compara-
tor and vice versa. [8+8]
7. (a) What are the abnormal conditions in a large synchronous generator against
which protection is necessary?
(b) Draw neatly the differential protection scheme of an alternator. Discuss its
limitations and suggest remedies to overcome them. [8+4+4]
8. (a) Explain the directional impedance relay by means of its characteristics on

R−X plane.
(b) Explain how arc resistance introduces an error in distance measurement.[8+8]
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POWER SYSTEMS-III
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1. (a) A three-phase single circuit transmission line is 400 kilometre long. If the line
rated for 400 kv and has line constants R=0.1Ω/km, L=1.26mH/km, C=0.009
µF/km and G=0. Calculate the following.
i. Surge impedance
ii. Velocity of surges neglecting R of line.
iii. If a rectangular surge of 500 kv is incident at one end, find the time to
reach the open end.
iv. The voltage at the open end of line.
(b) Explain about attenuation and distortion.
[4+4+2+2]
[4]
2. (a) Explain station type surge arrester with a neat sketch.
(b) Explain the tests conducted on surge arresters. [6+2+8]
3. What are the various types of SF6 circuit breakers. Explain them in detail with a
neat sketch. [4+8+4]
4. (a) Explain the Phenomenon of current chopping in a circuit breaker. What
measures are taken to reduce it. [4+4]
(b) A circuit interrupts the magnetizing current of a 100 MVA transformer at
220 kV. The magnetizing current is 5% of the full load current. Determine
the maximum voltage which may appear across the Gap of the breaker when
the magnetizing current is interrupted at 53% of its peak value. The stray
capacitance is 2500 microfarad. The inductance is 30 H. [8]
5. (a) Discuss the principle of operation of an Induction disc relay with relevant
diagrams. [2+4+2]
(b) What are the advantages of Induction cup relays over Induction disc relays.
What is the purpose of shading in an Induction disc relay? [4+4]
6. (a) Where are the relays having extremely inverse and very inverse characteristics
used? What types of characteristics are used for protecting rectifiers, and for
replacement of fuses? [4+4]
(b) Explain how the mho characteristic realized using a sampling comparator? [8]
7. Describe the principle of differential Protection applied to a power transformer.What
are the difficulties experienced and how are they overcome? [8+4+4]
8. (a) With a neat sketch, discuss the differential scheme for bus zone protection.
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(b) Discuss the working principle of frame leakage protection. [8+8]
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POWER SYSTEMS-III
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1. (a) A rectangular surge of 1000 kv incident on a over head transmission line of
surge impedance of 300 Ω, meets a junction of two cables of surge impedance
150 Ω and 100 Ω. Calculate the outgoing voltages and currents on each cable
and also the over head line. Derive the formula used.
(b) Explain briefly about equivalent circuit for traveling wave studies.
2. Define the terms :-
(a) Rated voltage of lightning arrester

[4+4+8]
(b) Normal discharge current

(c) Spark over voltage-power frequency impulse
(d) Non-linear resistance
(e) Protective ratio
(f) Residual voltage. [2+2+2+4+2+4]
3. Explain the reason for initiation of electric arc during contact separation. Also
discuss which of these is primarily responsible for creation of arc in circuit breakers
and why? [8+8]
4. Explain the following in detail:
(a) Symmetrical breaking capacity

(b) Asymmetrical breaking capacity
(c) Rating of circuit breakers. [6+6+4]
5. (a) Explain in detail the role of protective relays in a power systems.

(b) Discuss in detail the causes and types and frequency of faults encountered in
a power system. [8+8]
6. (a) Write short notes on an amplitude /pulse width converter as applied in a phase
sensitive amplitude comparator. [8]
(b) Write short notes on:
i. static sine comparator
ii. integrating type amplitude comparator. [4+4]
7. (a) What is a direct connected generator?

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(b) Mention protective schemes for a direct connected generator. Explain any one
of these schemes. [6+5+5]
8. (a) Discuss the choice between impedance, reactance and Mho type relays. [2+2+2+2]
(b) Transformer: 5 MVA, Y / ∆, X=6%
The transmission line sections AB and BC are to be protected by Mho distance
relays. The system is as shown in the figure8b. If the C.T. ratio is 300/5 and
C.T. ratio is 166000/110V and a 3-∅ short circuit fault of zero impedance
occurs at F, find the impedance seen by the relays and determine the setting
of the relays for high speed protection of line AB and backup protection for
line BC, when the relays are located at end A. [8]
Figure 8b
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POWER SYSTEMS-III
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1. Derive an expression for the voltage across the terminating inductance connected
at the end of a line on which a step wave of magnitude E is traveling. Assume
transmission line surge impedances as Zc .
2. (a) Derive the expression for reactance of the Peterson coil.
[16]
(b) Determine the value of reactance to be connected in the neutral connection

to neutralize the capacitance current of a overhead line having line to ground
capacitance of each line equal to 0.015µ f , Frequency = 50Hz.
3. Explain the following with neat sketch in detail
[8+8]
(a) D-type cartridge fuse

(b) HRC cartridge fuse. [4+4+4+4]
4. Explain direct testing of circuit breakers with a neat diagram. [8+8]
5. (a) What is a protective relay? What are the fundamental requirements of pro-
tective relaying. What are the unit system of protection and non-unit system
of protection. [2+4+2]
(b) Explain in detail the primary and back-up protection. What are the advan-
tages of zonal protection. [4+4]
6. (a) Explain the merits and demerits of static relays.
(b) Discuss how an amplitude comparator can be converted into a phase compara-
tor and vice versa. [8+8]
7. (a) Explain briefly with schematic diagram, the protective gear for alternators
connected to grid against
i. fault between phases and
ii. fault between turns in one of the phase windings. [4+4]
(b) Three phase 33/6.6 kV transformer is connected star- delta and current trans-
formers on the low voltage side have ratio 300: 5. What will be the ratio of
C T on the high voltage side of Merz ?Prize protection is to be adopted. [8]
8. (a) With a neat sketch, discuss the differential scheme for bus zone protection.
(b) Discuss the working principle of frame leakage protection. [8+8]
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Srr320205 Power Systems III

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Code No: RR320205 Set No. 1

2. (a) Distinguish between neutral earthing and equipment earthing .

3. For a 32 kV System reactance and capacitance up to the location of the circuit

(a) The frequency of transients oscillation

4. Explain direct testing of circuit breakers with a neat diagram. [8+8]

6. (a) Explain the merits and demerits of static relays.

8. (a) Explain the directional impedance relay by means of its characteristics on

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Code No: RR320205 Set No. 2

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Code No: RR320205 Set No. 2

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Code No: RR320205 Set No. 3

2. Define the terms :-

(a) Rated voltage of lightning arrester

(b) Normal discharge current

4. Explain the following in detail:

(a) Symmetrical breaking capacity

5. (a) Explain in detail the role of protective relays in a power systems.

7. (a) What is a direct connected generator?

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Code No: RR320205 Set No. 3

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Code No: RR320205 Set No. 4

(b) Determine the value of reactance to be connected in the neutral connection

(a) D-type cartridge fuse

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