Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
By
Wipawan Sirigulpanit (Ph.D)
By timing
- Primary initial infection in a previously healthy
person.
- Secondary infection that occurs in a person
weakened by a primary infection.
By symptom/evidence/appearence
- Symptomatic- patient experiencing symptoms
(clinical)
- Asymptomatic- patient is not experiencing any
symptoms (subclinical)
Infectious Agents
MOST infectious agents that cause disease are
microscopic in size an thus are called Microbes
(or) Microorganisms:
Different groups of agents that cause disease are:
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Protozoa (Protists)
- Fungi
- Helminthes
- Prions
Techniques
Infectious Agents
Gram stain
Most bacteria
Acid-fast stain
Mycobacteria
Silver stains
Periodic acid-Schiff
Fungi, amebae
Mucicarmine
Cryptococci
Giemsa
Antibody probe
All cases
Culture
All cases
DNA probes
All cases
SPECTRUM OF INFLAMMATORY
RESPONSES TO INFECTION
Suppurative or purulent inflammation.
Mononuclear and granulomatous
inflammation
Cytopathic or cytoproliferative reaction.
Tissue necrosis
Chronic inflammation and scarring.
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Cytopathic-Cytoproliferative Reaction
The lesions are characterized by cell necrosis
or cellular proliferation, usually with sparse
inflammatory cells.
Some viruses replicate within cells and make
viral aggregates that are visible as inclusion
bodies (e.g., herpesviruses or adenovirus) or
induce cells to fuse and form multinucleated
cells called polykaryons (e.g., measles virus or
herpesviruses).
Tissue Necrosis
Clostridium perfringens and other organisms that
secrete powerful toxins can cause such rapid and severe
necrosis (gangrenous necrosis) that tissue damage is the
dominant feature.
Because few inflammatory cells are present, these
lesions resemble infarcts with disruption or loss of
basophilic nuclear staining and preservation of cellular
outlines.
Clostridia are often opportunistic pathogens that are
introduced into muscle tissue by penetrating trauma or
infection of the bowel in a neutropenic host.
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Dry gangrene
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Moist gangrene
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