International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering and Technology

(IJECET)
Volume 7, Issue 3, MayJune 2016, pp. 7586, Article ID: IJECET_07_03_010
Available online at
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Journal Impact Factor (2016): 8.2691 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com
ISSN Print: 0976-6464 and ISSN Online: 0976-6472
IAEME Publication

CAN BASE VOLVO AUTOMATION

Chetana R. Markad
M.E Student, Department of E & TC,
Dr. D. Y. Patil COE, Ambi, Pune, India
Prof. N.A.Dawande
Associate Professor, Department of E & TC,
Dr. D.Y.Patil COE, Ambi, Pune, India
ABSTRACT
Due to increasing technology Automotive Electronics sector is now
becoming more in demand. Most of luxurious vehicles consist of automatic
controls of different parameters present in the car surrounding. As more and
more latest applications are available on vehicle information system, therefore
connection between the vehicle bus network and information system is now
becoming a trend. Basically in automobile industries for communication, the
CAN protocol is used. The proposed system presents the development and
implementation of the digital driving system for a semi-autonomous vehicle for
improving the driver vehicle interface and CAN provide technological
development for future applications in vehicles information system. The
proposed system is use to monitor drivers behaviour, Drowsiness and Alcohol
with the help of sensors. System contains controller block designed using ARM
Cortex M-3, alcohol and sensors, CAN controller, GPS and GSM modules.
Key words: ARM (Advanced RISC Machines), Alcohol, Automobile, Control
Area Network (CAN), Sensor.
Cite this Article: Chetana R. Markad and N. A. Dawande, Can Base Volvo
Automation, International Journal of Electronics and Communication
Engineering & Technology, 7(3), 2016, pp. 7586.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJECET/issues.asp?JType=IJECET&VType=7&IType=3

INTRODUCTION
In the automobile industry, the recent technology trends are takes place for bringing
more comfort in a vehicle by incorporating automation techniques like alcohol
detection, fire detection, collision avoidance (which uses lasers to detect an objects
around the vehicle and when the vehicle gets closer to any object, automatically
brakes will be applied), advanced safety features, entertainment devices and more. As
the technology is developing in automobile industry, the use of electronic control

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units (ECU) in vehicles is increase rapidly to make the communication between them
is very complex. Previously, multiplexed communication eventually developed to
decrease the interconnections (cables) and the complexity between the electronic
control units. But the multiplexed communication has not satisfied the real time
requirements of communication. In 1980s BOSCH, a technology based corporation
was designed a multi- master serial communication protocol and that protocol called
as Controller Area Network (CAN) which is robust, real time and also reduces the
amount of cables to be used for the interconnections.

1.1. Automation
In todays fast growing, highly competitive industrial world, a company must be more
flexible, cost effective and efficient if it wishes to survive. In the process and in
manufacturing industries, this has resulted of great demand in industrial control
systems or automation in order to streamline operations in terms of cost, speed,
product output and reliability. The automation plays an increasingly important role in
the world economy and in daily experiences.
Automation is the use of information technologies with control systems to reduce
the need of human efforts in the production. For industrialization, automation is a step
beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided human operators along with
the machinery to assist them with muscular requirements of work, the need of human
efforts as well as mental requirements are decreases by automation. Shortly
"automation is the process in which replacement of human workers takes place by
machines", automation is an act of implementing the control of equipment along with
advanced technology which involving electronics hardware.

1.2. Control Area Network (CAN)

The CAN protocol, an asynchronous serial communication protocol which follows the
ISO 11898 standards. CAN is widely accepted in automobiles along with its features
like real time performance, reliability and compatibility with different ranges of
devices. The CAN protocol is two wires, half duplex system, which having data rates
speed up to 1Mbps [1] and it offers a very high level of security. Its low cost, robust
and versatile technology made it more applicable in other areas of applications where
elimination of excessive wiring or inter processor communication is needed. In some
areas it is widely used are industrial machinery, avionics, medical equipment, building
automation etc.

2. RELATED WORK
Driver behavior is affected by various factors that are related to the vehicle, the
environment and over the course of driving. To ensure road safety it is important to
monitor and detect the drivers behavior because road accidents take place. So it is
important to capture driver behavior for controlling the accidents and after effects
caused by driving under alcoholic condition. The proposed system [2] deals with
detection of Alcohol and Drowsiness using sensors and according to condition
precautions are taken. Due to use of image processing done by webcam, unauthorized
Lane shifting is detected and also avoided which is helpful to minimizes road
accidents. The track of vehicle is also possible due to use of GPS and GSM modules.
The proposed system [3] uses an ARM Cortex M0 processor which is known for its
efficient control and response time. The system is quick in response when compared
with the available GPS based system in terms of response time. It is independent of

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any external infrastructure and network to calculate all its para meters which increases
efficiency. It is lower in cost because all its components are cheaply available and the
processor is known for its cost effectiveness among its peer processors. The system is
integrated with CAN controller for effective control of collision avoidance
parameters. Other control actions involving algorithms to steer the vehicle to change
lane can also be involved and implemented. A system capable of providing driver
safety is proposed and it can be further sophisticated by testing and improving its
parameters to suit on-road conditions .The system [4] described the design of the
remote monitoring hardware and software based on ARM and CAN bus system. It
introduced the embedded web server from the identification and self-description and
interoperability, and realized the initial conversion of CAN field bus and Ethernet
inter data. It constitutes a network of interconnected systems on-site intelligent
equipment, smart on-site equipment and control room devices, which adapting the
control system to the intelligent, network-based, and decentralized development.
The system [5] of the fusion of short distance wireless communication technology
and also CAN bus extends the application of field bus in the industry environment,
which makes effectively extend the field bus network towards the low layer. Means
the field bus provides the access to the short distance wireless network topology for
connecting to higher network (Ethernet network). CAN be an important
communication network technology in the automation field and also have a good
prospect of application. Describes about implementing the CAN bus on automated
vehicles. The CAN protocol operation is tested on RX62N microcontroller. As the
CAN is compatible with many of the devices so it can be implemented in any
embedded systems for real time data transmission with less number of wires and large
number of devices to communicate [6]. CAN bus is used to establish a
communication with multi- master structure in the system, it is convenient for data
exchange and management, suitable in large greenhouse group, not only control
centrally, but also control in partition or block. In the system[7], each module is
relatively independent, type and number of the modules can be increased or decreased
freely, and new module can be joined up anywhere in communication line, thus the
flexibility is improved and the cost is reduced. Using the system can give an
automatic, timely, on demand precise irrigation to crops in large greenhouse group, by
which not only can improve the utilization of equipment and water, but also
contribute to a high yield and quality. So it is significant to the development of
modern agriculture and conservation of limited water resource.
The Interference cancellation for system having more than two users when every
user known all channels. A system achieves the possible diversity of 16 having low
complexity for 4 users each with 4 transmitter antennas and one receiver with 4
receiver antennas. Besides diversity, the proposed scheme [8] also provides the best
performance among all previously existing schemes with simple array processing
decoding. The main idea is to design the pre-coders, using the channel information,
for making it possible for different users to transmit over orthogonal directions. Use
the orthogonality of signals which was transmitted, the receiver can separate them and
decode the signals. A CAN bus monitoring system which allows the analysis and data
generation from PC connected to Ethernet network, thanks to the use of
programmable hardware interface system which collects the information from the
CAN bus and transmits that information to any machine requesting this data, by using
the Ethernet network under the TCP-IP connection. The data monitoring system is
extended along with the use of OPC protocol (Ole for Process Control) which is a tool

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Chetana R. Markad and N. A. Dawande

use for secure data distribution to the monitoring and also to registering systems based
on OPC clients.
A context aware system is proposed [9] which detect driver behavior. A VANET
(Vehicular ad hoc networks) is used to detect abno rmal behaviors of drivers and give
warning to other vehicles on the road to prevent from accidents. A model which is
based on dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs) in real time proposed to detect four
types of driving behavior like normal, drunk, fatigue and reckless. An alcohol
detection system is prepared with the help of alcohol sensor connected to ADC and
the ADC is interfaced to a microcontroller which performs controlling. When alcohol
is detected by system the car is controlled automatically so that the occurrence of
Drink and Drive is avoided [10]. Developed system [11] uses an ARM as the main
control unit and CAN bus within a car for communication. ARM controller is used to
obtain high performance. Use of the CAN makes high speed communication in
control area networks and sharing of data between all nodes which results in
enhancing their collaborative work.

3. PROPOSED WORK
Driver behavior is affected by various factors that are related to the vehicle system,
the environment and the driving. Monitoring and detecting the drivers behavior so
that to ensure road safety is important because road accidents take place. Hence it is
important to detect driver behavior which will control the accidents and after effects
which is caused by a rash driving under the influence of alcohol. This proposed
system deals with detection of Alcohol and fuel, fire etc. using various sensors and
accordingly the precautions are taken. This proposed system describes about
implementing the CAN bus for making communication on an automated vehicles. The
operation of the CAN has been tested on the CORTEX-M31768 microcontroller. As
the CAN protocol is suitable with many of the devices it can be implemented in any
of the embedded systems for real time data transmission with less number of
interconnections and large number of devices to communicate. The potential benefits
of automating the vehicles for guidance of automobiles are extensive especially with
regard to better utilization of highway space and to make safety. Proposals related to
an automobile automation have been made for at least fifty years but a practical model
system has not been possible because of limitations in technology. Now, new
advancement in technology brought a practical system within reach. This paper
discusses the potential benefits of automation, the associated technology requirements
with usefulness, and cost or benefit trades. This article gives the complete details
about the design and implementation of automated vehicle, which is being used for
preventing or controlling vehicles action. In this proposed system I use an embedded
system along with GSM /GPS technology. The proposed system shown in fig 1,
installed in the vehicle for easily controlling of vehicle by the owner of the vehicle by
sending a message from owners mobile to the vehicle engine by interfacing with
CAN bus and GSM modem. The proposed system is very reliable, when a cellular
network is available and the system tracking device is connected, it transmits data to a
server and when a network is not available the device stores data/information in
internal memory of system and will transmit stored data/information to the server as
possible as the network becomes available. Vehicle tracking has been possible by
installing a box into the vehicle, by self-powered with a battery or wired into the
vehicle's power system.

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3.1. Block diagram Description: Block wise Description of fig.1 are as follow:
3.1.1. ARM Cortex-M3 (LPC1768): The ARM Cortex-M is a group of 32-bit RISC,
and ARM processor cores licensed by ARM Holdings. The cores are intended for the
use of microcontroller which consists of the Cortex-M0, M0+, M1, M3, M4, and M7.
Integrated device manufacturers have receive the ARM Cortex-M Processor IP as
synthesizable RTL. In this form, they have the ability to perform architectural level
of optimizations and extensions. So this allows the manufacturer to achieve custom
design goals, such as higher clock speed, very low power consumption, extensions of
instruction set, size optimizations, debug support, etc. for determination of
components which have been included in a particular ARM CPU chip, and consult the
manufacturer datasheet and related documentation.
3.1.2. Relay: Relay is an on/off switch which uses 12V supply. It is use to make the
switch on or off. Here I use 12v single charge over relay. An electrically operated
switch is relays. A simple electromagnetic relay is a coil having wire wrapped around
soft iron core. A low reluctance path for magnetic flux, a movable iron armature, and
one or more sets of contacts (there are two in the relay pictured) are provide by an
iron yoke. The armature is hinged to the yoke and mechanically linked with the one or
more sets of moving contacts.

Figure 1 Proposed System Block Diagram

It is held in place by a spring so that there is an air gap in the magnetic circuit for
de-energizing relay. In this condition, one of the sets of contacts in the relay pictured
is closed, and other set is open. Depending on the function relays may have more or

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fewer sets of contacts. The relay in picture also has a connecting wire to the armature
to the yoke. This ensures the continuity of the circuit in between the moving contacts
on the armature, and the circuit trace on the printed circuit board (PCB) via the yoke,
which is then soldered to the PCB.
When an electric current is passes along with the coil it generates a magnetic field
around the coil which activates the armature also consequent movement of movable
contact which either breaks or makes (depending upon the construction) a connection
with a fixed contact. The relay was de-energized; the movement opens the contacts
and breaks the connection if the set of contacts was closed, and vice versa if the
contacts open. The current to the coil is off, the armature is returned by a force, which
is approximately half as strong as the magnetic force, to the relaxed position. Usually
spring provides this force, but in industrial motor starters gravity is also used. Most
relays are manufactured to operate quickly. In a low voltage application this usually
reduces noise and in a high voltage or current application it reduces arcing.
When the coil is energized by direct current, a diode is often placed across with
the coil to dissipate the energy from collapsing magnetic field at time of deactivation,
which would generate a voltage spike dangerous to the semiconductor circuit
components. Few automotive relays include a diode which is present inside the case
of relay. Alternatively, a contact protection network consists of a resistor and
capacitor in series (snubber circuit) may absorb the surge present. If the coil is
designed which is energized with alternating current (AC), a small copper "shading
ring" can be crimped at the end of the solenoid, creating small out-of-phase current
which increases the minimum pull on the armature during the AC cycle.
3.1.3. GSM Modem: GSM means (Global System for Mobile communication)
is digital mobile telephony system, with the help of GSM module interfaced, sending
short text messages to the required authorities as per the application is possible. GSM
module is provided by SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) uses the mobile service
provider and send SMS (Short Message Service) to the respective person as per
programmed. This technology enables the wireless system with no specified range
limits.
GSM uses variation of TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) which is the most
widely used with three digital wireless telephony technologies (TDMA, GSM,
and CDMA). GSM digitize and compress the data, then sends it down to a channel
with the two other user data streams, each in its own time slot. It operates at frequency
band 900 MHz or 1800 MHz.
3.1.4. GPS Modem: The GPS smart receiver having the 16 channels. GPS have Ultra
low power architecture this complete enabled of GPS receiver which provides high
position of system, time accuracy and velocity performances with high sensitivity and
tracking capabilities. The CMOS technology, the GPS receiver acts as ideal for many
portable applications like PDA, smart phone etc.
3.1.5. Temperature Sensor: Temperature sensor is used to sense the temperature
from environment. I have used a Temperature sensor called LM35. The LM35 can
sense the temperature from atmosphere around it or the temperature of machine which
it is connected or can give the human body temperature in case if used. So, according
to the application to which it is used, it gives the temperature reading. The series of
LM35 are precision integrated circuit type of temperature sensors, having output
voltage linearly proportional to Celsius (Centigrade) temperature.
3.1.6. Fire Sensor: Fire sensor used in a project is a sensor which detects a fire
around it. Fire sensor is a digital sensor which is directly connected to the
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microcontroller input/output port pin. As fire signal is a digital sensor, it always gives
digital output. Under normal condition the microcontroller gets active low signal.
When fire sensor detects the fire from surrounding, it sends active high signal to
microcontroller and as per the programmed the necessary action is taken well on time.
3.1.7. Flue Sensor or Float Sensor: A float sensor is a device which is used to detect
the liquid level within a tank. This switch is used in a pump, an indicator, an alarm, or
other devices. Float sensors range from small to large also it may be as simple as a
mercury switch inside a hinged float or complex in a series of optical or conductance
sensors which producing discrete outputs if the liquid reaches many different levels
within the tank. Most common type of float sensor is simply a float raising rod that
actuates micro switch.
A very commonly it is used in sump pumps or condensate pumps where it detects
the rising level of liquid in the tank and then energizes an electrical pump so that
pumps out liquid until the level of liquid has been substantially reduced, and at that
point the pump is switched off again. Float switches are adjustable and can have
substantial hysteresis. This minimizes the on-off cycling of the pump.
Some float sensors contain a two-stage switch. If liquid rises to the trigger point of
first stage, then activated the associated pump. If the liquid continues to rise (because
of the pump failed or its discharge is blocked) then second stage will be triggered.
This stage switches off the liquid source being pumped; trigger an alarm, or both.
3.1.8. Alcohol sensor: Alcohol sensor is used for detecting weather the person
consumed the alcohol or not. Here the sensor which we have used is MQ3 sensor.
This sensor is an analog sensor and the output is in analog form. So the output of this
sensor is provided to the input of the ADC which will convert this analog output in
digital input to the microcontroller. SnO2 is sensitive material of MQ-3 gas sensor,
which have lower conductivity in cleans air. If the alcohol gas exists, then the sensors
conductivity is higher with the rising of gas concentration. Use simple electro circuit,
to convert change of conductivity into correspond output signal of gas concentration.
MQ-3 gas sensor has high sensitivity of Alcohol, and has good resistance to
disturb of gasoline, smoke and vapors. The sensor is used to detect alcohol with
different concentration and have with low cost and suitable for different application.
3.1.9. Buzzers: Buzzers are used in a system for indicating or to grabbing the
attention regarding occurrence of an emergency situation. Buzzer act as panic horn
which indicates the need of instant attention as the condition goes in danger.
3.1.10. MCP2551: The MCP2551 is a high-speed CAN transceiver and fault-tolerant
device that serves as the interface between a CAN bus protocol controller and the
physical bus. MCP2551 provides differential capability of transmit and receive for the
CAN protocol controller and also it is fully compatible with the ISO-11898 standard,
including its 24V requirements. It will operate at speeds of up to 1 Mb/s.

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3.2. Flow Chart

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4. RESULTS

Figure 2 Project name display

Figure 3 Alcohol detected

Figure 4 Seat belt open alarm

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Figure 5 Door open alarm

Figure 6 Gas detected

Figure 7 Temperature detected

Figure 8 Light detected

Figure 9 Location Detected

5. CONCLUSION
Driver behavior is affected by various factors which are related to the vehicle, the
environment and over the course of driving. To Monitor and detect the drivers
behavior for ensure road safety is an important because the road accidents take place.
Hence it is important to detect driver behavior which will control the accidental
condition and the effects caused by rash driving under the presence of alcohol. This
proposed system deals with the detection of Alcohol, fire, fuel etc. using sensors and
according to its value precautions are taken. To track the vehicle there is use of GPS
and GSM modules. GSM sends the message to vehicle owner.
This project introduces an embedded system along with combination of CAN bus
systems. Digital control of the vehicular system is an important criterion of advance
technology. The rapid development in embedded technology, the high-performance

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embedded processor is used into the auto industry, which is low in cost, having high
reliability and other features for fulfilling the requirements of the advance automobile
industry. This proposed system having high-speed CAN bus solves the problem of
automotive system applications, along with certain practical value and significance.
The ARM controller as the main controller which makes use of the high-performance,
high-speed reduction in CAN bus communication control networks and in the
instrument control so that it achieve full sharing of data between nodes also it enhance
their collaborative work. This system has efficient data transfer with different nodes
in the practical applications.

6. ADVANTAGES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

The system have less timing delays

Response time of system is quick
Fully automate system
Robust system
Power requirement of system is less

7. APPLICATIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

The propose system is use in following areas,

Building Automation
Flat Automation
Industry Automation
Vehicle Automation

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