CHAPTER IV

TECHNICAL STUDY

The biogas digester is the device in which the digestion processes consist occurs. The
outsource organic manure from cow is called the substrate, and then is diluted with water for also
to prevent clogging the main pipes, and is thoroughly mixed into a slurry. It is then fed into the
digester and permitted to undergo degradation in a sealed oxygen-free chamber with a hydraulic
retention time of 10 days. When digestion is completed, the materials are discharged, or removed
from the digester. The first to be removed is the biogas, it is collected through an accumulator
tank, can now be used as fuel for heating the boiler and the saved fuel undergoes a scrubber for
an increased amount of energy for subsequent use. After the gas is removed, the second material
to be removed by pump is called effluent or sludge.
4.1

Introduction
The company had undergone a careful selection of the process flow. This chapter will

consist of the processes and reactions that will happen within the plant. The plant consists of
processes which includes preparation of raw materials, mixing the diluted manure and passing
through a anaerobic digester for the two products to be collected.
The raw material for biogas production must contain organically bound carbon and
theelement nitrogen which is needed by the bacteria responsible for biogas production. Animal
manure contains a portion of volatile (organic) solids which are fats, carbohydrates, proteins, and
other nutrients that are available as food and energy for the growth and reproduction of anaerobic
bacteria. Cow manure is the commonly used principal raw material, since more biogas can be
generated from cow manures composition. Biogas generation from these wastes has been
proven to be technically feasible, economically viable.1

1 Aakko, P., Jntti, A., Pentikinen, J., Honkanen, T. & Rantanen, L. (2002). An
extensiveanalysis of the exhaust emissions from spark-ignition vehicles using fuels
with
biocomponents. Fisita World Congress 2002. Paper F02E027.

37

38

4.2

Process Flow Diagram

Water

ACCUMULATOR

Slurry

DIGESTER

TANK
Water

Raw
Biogas

BOILER

Water

DILUTION

Substrate

SUCTIO
N

Enriched
Biogas

SCRUBBER

DISCHAR
GE

Gas House

Raw
Biogas

SLUDGE
TANK

Scrubbed

Water Line
Pump

Gas Line

Valves

Slurry/Sludge
Line

Sludge

Sludge House

Vessels

Figure 4.1.0 Process Flow Diagram

39

4.3

Overall Material Balance

Basis: 10 days complete digestion

RAW BIOGAS (1,136.35 kg)

CH4 (60%), CO2 (35%), H2S (1%), H2O (3%), NH3 (1%) (RICHARD 9).

REMOVED
1000 kg water
CO2 (198.86125 kg)
H2S (11.3521365 kg)
H2O (34.0564095 kg)
NH3 (11.3521365 kg)
Total =1,255.62 kg

INPUT
Solid = 2,548.44 kg
Liquid = 14,441.16 kg
H2O = 8,494.8 kg
Total =25,484.4 kg

1000 kg water

OVERALL MATERIAL
BALANCE

RAW BIOGAS
CH4 (681.81 kg)
CO2 (397.7225 kg)
H2S (11.3635 kg)
H2O (34.0905 kg)
NH3 (11.3635 kg)
Total = 1,136.35 kg

OUTPUT
BioMethane ENRICHED
Sludge = 24,348.05 kg CH4 (681.81 kg)
BG = 1,136.35 kg
CO2 (198.86125 kg)
Total = 25,484.4 kg
H2S (0.0113635 kg)
H2O (0.0340905 kg)
NH3 (0.0113635 kg)
Total = 880.73 kg

INPUT = OUTPUT
25,484.4 kg + 1,136.35 kg + 1000 kg = 25,484.4 kg + 880.73 kg + 1,255.62 kg
27,620.75 kg = 27,620.75 kg
Figure 4.2.0 Overall Material Balance

40

4.4

Detailed Material Balance (10-day process)

INPUT
H2O = 8,494.8 kg

DILUTION
TANK

INPUT

OUTPUT = 25,484.4 kg

Solid = 2,548.44 kg

Diluted Manure

Liquid = 14,441.16 kg
INPUT = OUTPUT
Solid + Liquid + H2O = Diluted Manure
2,548.44 kg + 14,441.16 kg + 8,494.8 kg = 25,484.4 kg
25,484.4 kg = 25,484.4 kg
Figure 4.2.1 Dilution Tank

INPUT = 25,484.4 kg
Diluted Manure

DIGESTER

OUTPUT = 24,348.05 kg
Sludge

OUTPUT = 1,136.35 kg
BG(Biogas)

INPUT = OUTPUT
Diluted Manure = Sludge + BG
25,484.4 kg = 24,348.05 kg + 1,136.35 kg
25,484.4 kg = 25,484.4 kg
Figure 4.2.2 Digester
41

RAW BIOGAS (1,136.35 kg)

CH4 (60%), CO2 (35%), H2S (1%), H2O (3%), NH3 (1%)(RICHARD 9).
Amount of water used in scrubber = 1000 kg water
Target Percent Removal: 99.9 % for H2S, NH3 and H2O, 50% for CO2.

REMOVED
1000 kg water
CO2 (198.86125 kg)
H2S (11.3521365 kg)
H2O (34.0564095 kg)
NH3 (11.3521365 kg)
TOTAL = 1,255.62 kg

1000 kg water

SCRUBBER

RAW BIOGAS
CH4 (681.81 kg)
CO2 (397.7225 kg)
H2S (11.3635 kg)
H2O (34.0905 kg)
NH3 (11.3635 kg)
TOTAL =1,136.35 kg

BioMethane ENRICHED
CH4 (681.81 kg)
CO2 (198.86125 kg)
H2S (0.0113635 kg)
H2O (0.0340905 kg)
NH3 (0.0113635 kg)
TOTAL = 880.73 kg

INPUT = OUTPUT
1,136.35 kg + 1000 kg = 880.73 kg + 1,255.62 kg
2,136.35 kg = 2,136.35 kg
Figure 4.2.3 Scrubber

42

4.5

Material Balance Process Flow Scheme

Stream B

Stream F
Stream G

Stream A

DILUTION
TANK

Stream C

DIGESTER

SCRUBBER

Stream E

Stream H

Stream D
Figure 4.2.4 Material Balance Process Flow Scheme
Stream A (Wt. of Manure)
Wt. Manure(Solid)= 2,548.44 kg
Wt. Manure(Liquid)= 14,441.16 kg
TOTAL = 16,989.6 kg
Stream B (Water used to dilute)
H2O = 8,494.8 kg
Stream C (Diluted Manure)
Diluted Manure = 16,989.6 kg + 8,494.8 kg
TOTAL = 25,484.4 kg

Stream E (Raw Biogas)

Stream F (Bio Methane Enriched)

CH4 (681.81 kg)

CO2 (397.7225 kg)
H2S (11.3635 kg)
H2O (34.0905 kg)
NH3 (11.3635 kg)
TOTAL =1,136.35 kg

CH4 (681.81 kg)

CO2 (198.86125 kg)
H2S (0.0113635 kg)
H2O (0.0340905 kg)
NH3 (0.0113635 kg)
TOTAL = 880.73 kg

Stream G (Water used in scrubber)

1000 kg Water

Stream H (Scrubbed)
REMOVED
1000 kg water
CO2 (198.86125 kg)
H2S (11.3521365 kg)
H2O (34.0564095 kg)
NH3 (11.3521365 kg)
TOTAL = 1,255.62 kg

Stream D (Sludge)
Sludge = 24,348.05 kg

*CH4 (60%), CO2 (35%), H2S (1%), H2O (3%), NH3 (1%) (RICHARD 9).
Target Percent Removal: 99.9 % for H2S, NH3 and H2O, 50% for CO2.
43

4.6

Material Major Assumptions

The following assumptions are used in the production of Biogas:

Biogas obeys ideal gas behaviour

Input slurry (diluted manure) in one day will be completely digested after 10 days
producing total of 69.658 m3or 1,136.35 kg gas based from the material balance
The gas produced per day is uniform in volume meaning 6.9658 m3 or 113.635 kg biogas
is produced everyday.

These are assumed to simplify design computations.

4.7

Computation of material balance

Total weight of manure needed= 16,989.6 kg (Outsource)

Assumption:
The total collected manure each day are from cows.
Basis: 1 day operation
Pre-treatment (Dilution)
-Dilution occurs in dilution tank.
Manure contains 15% solid and 85 % liquid (RICHARD 9).
Wt. of solid (A) = (16,989.6 kg)(0.15)
=2,548.44 kg
Wt. of liquid (B) = (16,989.6 kg)(0.85)
=14,441.16 kg
-Diluted solution only have 10% solids (Changet.al., 2006).
C (H2O)
A, B

DILUTION
TANK

A, B, C
X =A+ B + C
44

Solid Balance:
2,548.44 kg = 0.10X
X = 25,484.4 kg
X (Diluted Manure) = A + B + C
25,484.4 kg = 2,548.44 kg + 14,441.16 + C
C = 8,494.8 kg Water (H2O)

C (H2O) = 8,494.8 kg

DILUTION
TANK

A (Solid)= 2,548.44 kg

X (Diluted Manure) = A + B + C

B (Liquid)= 14,441.16 kg

25,484.4 kg = 2,548.44 kg + 14,441.16 kg + 8,494.8 kg

25,484.4 kg = 25,484.4 kg

Digestion
Sludge
DIGESTER

X (Diluted Manure)

BG

Biogas Computation:
-Volatile solids (VS) is 91% of total manure solids (RICHARD 10).
-Only 49% of VS is broken down by bacteria (Changet.al., 2006).
-0.0613 m3 gas per kg volatile solid (Chang et.al., 2006).
VS = 2,548.44 kg (.91)
= 2,319.08 kg volatile solid
Amount broken down by bacteria = (2,319.08 kg VS)(0.49) = 1,136.35 kg
45

Volume of biogas produced = (1,136.35 kg)(0.0613 m3/kg)

= 69.658 m3
Sludge

= (A broken down by bacteria) + B + C

= (2,548.44 kg 1,136.35 kg) + 14,441.16 kg + 8,494.8 kg
= 24,348.05 kg
= 24,348.05 kg / (10 days) = 2,434.8 kg/day

X (Diluted Manure)

DIGESTER

= 25,484.4 kg

Sludge = 24,318.05 kg

BG= 1,136.35 kg

X (Diluted Manure) = Sludge + BG

25,484.4 kg = 24,348.05 kg + 1,136.35 kg
25,484.4 kg = 25,484.4 kg
Biogas
- Conversion of volatile solid broken down by bacteria to Biogas is estimated complete
after 10 days. So a total of 69.658 m3 or 1,136.35 kg of biogas is produced 10 days after
the manure is fed to the digester.
-Assuming the amount of biogas produced per day is uniform, 6.9658 m3or 113.635 kg
biogas is produced everyday.

Diluted Manure
manure = 993.3 kg/m3
H2O = 1000 kg/m3

46

Volume of manure:
= 16,989.6 kg x __1 m3_ = 17.12 m3
993 kg

Volume of H2O added:

= 8,494.8 kg x __1 m3_ = 8.4948 m3
1000 kg
Total volume = Volume of manure + Volume of H2O added
= 17.12 m3+ 8.4948 m3
Total volume = 25.61 m3
Density of diluted manure (40 % manure & 60 % water) (Chang et.al., 2006).
= (0.6) (1000 kg/m3) + (0.4) (993.3 kg/m3)
= 997.32 kg/m3
Sludge
Amount of sludge = 24,348.05 kg
Volume of sludge = 24,348.05 kg x ___1m3__ = 24.41 m3
997.32 kg

47

Scrubber
RAW BIOGAS (1,136.35 kg)
CH4 (60%), CO2 (35%), H2S (1%), H2O (3%), NH3 (1%) (RICHARD 9).
Amount of water used in scrubber = 1000 kg water
Target Percent Removal: 99.9 % for H2S, NH3 and H2O, 50% for CO2 .
REMOVED
1000 kg water
CO2 (198.86125 kg)
H2S (11.3521365 kg)
H2O (34.0564095 kg)
NH3 (11.3521365 kg)
TOTAL = 1,255.62 kg

1000 kg water

Scrubber

RAW BIOGAS
CH4 (681.81 kg)
CO2 (397.7225 kg)
H2S (11.3635 kg)
H2O (34.0905 kg)
NH3 (11.3635 kg)
TOTAL = 1,136.35 kg

BioMethane ENRICHED
CH4 (681.81 kg)
CO2 (198.86125 kg)
H2S (0.0113635 kg)
H2O (0.0340905 kg)
NH3 (0.0113635 kg)
TOTAL = 880.73 kg

INPUT = OUTPUT
1,136.35 kg + 1000 kg = 880.73 kg + 1,255.62 kg
2,136.35 kg = 2,136.35 kg

4.8

Detailed Energy Balance

48

Latent heat= 88kJ

m= 10 kg/hr Water
Cp=4.186 kJ/kg-K
O

T1= 25 C
(Ambient temperature)

Q=mCpdT+ latent heat

Q= 552,640 kJ/day
T= 100 OC
P= 0.10 MPa

BOILER

T2= 100 OC
(Boiling point of water)

Considering 50% heat loss

Q=276,320 kJ/day in entering pipe
T=62.49OC
P=0.02 MPa

Figure 4.3.0 Boiler Energy Balance

Q=276,320 kJ/day in entering pipe

T=62.49OC
P=0.02 MPa

Q= 105,647.94 kJ/day
T= 48.15OC
P= 0.01MPa

DIGESTER

Q= 170,672.06 kJ/day
T= 24.98OC
P= 3.23 x10^-3 MPa

Figure 4.3.1 Digester Energy Balance

Digester Optimum pH ranges from 6.8 7.2.

Digester Operating Temperature is 48.15OC which is at Mesophilic Bacteria Range.
Note: Using thermodynamics properties of water to get the pressure of the steam from calculated
temperature.

49

4.9

Energy Balance Flow Scheme

Stream F
Stream A

Stream B

BOILER

Stream C

Stream D

DIGESTER

Stream A

Stream E

BOILER

DIGESTER

Figure 4.3.2 Energy Balance Flow Scheme

Stream A (Heat needed for the process)
Q= 552,640 kJ/day
T= 100 OC
P= 0.10 MPa.

Stream C (Heat inside the digester)

Q= 105,647.94 kJ/day
T= 48.15 OC
P= 0.01MPa

Stream B (Heat entering the pipe)

Considering 50% heat loss from 552,640 kJ/day
Q= 276,320 kJ/day in entering pipe
T= 62.49 OC
P= 0.02 MPa

Stream E (Source of heat is from biogas)

Q= 170,562.25 kJ kJ/day
T= 48.15 OC
P= 0.01 Mpa

Stream D (Heat in the pipe)

Q= 170,672.06 kJ/day
T= 24.98 OC
P= 3.23 x10^-3 Mpa

Stream F (Heat for combusting the fuel)

Q= 382,077.75 kJ/day
T>100OC
Heat needed for the process= 552,640 kJ/day
Source of heat is from biogas= 170,562.25 kJ
Heat for combusting the fuel= 382,077.75 kJ/day

Digester Optimum pH ranges from 6.8 7.2.

Digester Operating Temperature is 48.15OC which is at Mesophilic Range.
Note: Using thermodynamics properties of water to get the pressure of the steam from calculated temperature.
50

4.10 Computation of energy balance

Information regarding from other farms given the volume and fuel used for the digester.
Amount of water used to feed the boiler 430 kilo/hr (Chang et.al., 2006).
Amount of bunker fuel used for boiler 50 L/hr (Chang et.al., 2006).
Assumption
Set 110 kg/hr as amount of water entering the boiler.
Amount of water used to feed the boiler 110 kg/hr or 1,760 kg/day.
Amount of fuel used for boiler 40 L/hr or 640 L/day.
Operation Schedule
Mondays through Fridays
(22 days a month)
(264 days a year)
(16 hours per day) Sixteen hours work per day
Computation for final temperature upon pre-heating
Given:
6.9658 m3 BG/day
Basis: 1 hour
Solution:
6.9658 m3 BG x 0.6 parts CH4 x _1kg CH4 x 1 kmol CH4
1 part BG
0.68 m3CH4
16.043 kg CH4
= 383.11 mol CH4
Hrxnmethane = -890.4 kJ/mol
q = -890.4 kJ/mol CH4 (383.11 mol CH4)
= -341,124.50 kJ
considering heat loss of 50%,
Since qmethane= qwater,

x 1000 mol
1 kmol

qwater= mcpT
170,562.25 kJ= (110 kg/hr)(16hr/day)(4.186 kJ/kgK)(T-25)
T = 48.15OC
Therefore the possible temperature that the water can be heated is
T = 48.15OC
Digester Operating Temperature is 48.15OC which is at Mesophilic Range.
4.11 Computation of heat needed for the process.
mass flow rate= 10 kg/hr Water
Cp=4.186 kJ/kg-K
Latent heat= 88kJ
T1= 25 OC (Ambient temperature)
T2= 100 OC (Boiling point of water)
Q=mCpdT + latent heat
Q=110 kg/hr(16 hr /day)(4.186 kJ/kg-K)(100OC 25OC) + 88 kJ
51

Q= 552,640 kJ/day
Latent heat= 88kJ
m= 10 kg/hr Water
Cp=4.186 kJ/kg-K
T1= 25 OC
T2=100 OC

Q=mCpdT+ latent heat

Q= 552,640 kJ/day
T= 100 OC
P= 0.10 MPa
BOILER

Note: Using thermodynamics properties of water to get the pressure of the steam from calculated temperature.
Considering 50% heat loss from 552,640 kJ/day
Q=276,320 kJ/day in entering pipe
T2= 100 OC
Q=mCpdT
276,320 kJ/day = 110 kg/hr(16 hr /day)(4.186 kJ/kg-K)(100 OC T1)
T1= 62.49 OC

Q=mCpdT+ latent heat

Q= 552,640 kJ/day
T= 100 OC
P= 0.10 MPa
BOILER

Considering 50% heat loss

Q=276,320 kJ/day in entering pipe
T=62.49 OC
P= 0.02 MPa

Note: Using thermodynamics properties of water to get the pressure of the steam from calculated temperature.

4.12

Computation of source of heat which is from biogas.

52

Given:
6.9658 m3 BG/day
Basis: 1 hour
Solution:
6.9658 m3 BG x 0.6 parts CH4 x _1kg CH4 x 1 kmol CH4
x 1000 mol
1 part BG
0.68 m3CH4
16.043 kg CH4
1 kmol
= 383.11 mol CH4
Hrxnmethane = -890.4 kJ/mol
q = -890.4 kJ/mol CH4 (383.11 mol CH4)
= -341,124.50 kJ
considering heat loss of 50%,
Since qmethane= qwater,
qwater= mcpT
170,562.25 kJ = (110 kg/hr)(16hr/day)(4.186 kJ/kgK)(T-25)
T = 48.15OC
Therefore the possible temperature that the water can be heated is
T = 48.15OC

Considering 50% heat loss

Q=276,320 kJ/day in entering pipe
T=62.49 OC
P= 0.02 MPa

T= 48.15 OC
DIGESTER

Q=mCpdT
Q=110 kg/hr(16 hr/day)(4.186 kJ/kg-K)(62.49OC 48.15OC)
Q= 105,647.94 kJ/day
Q=105,647.94 kJ/day
T= 48.15 OC
P= 0.01 MPa
Considering 50% heat loss
Q=276,320 kJ/day in entering pipe
T=62.49 OC
P= 0.02 MPa

Q= 105,647.94 kJ/day
T= 48.15 OC
P= 0.01 MPa
DIGESTER

Input=Output
53

Q= soln nxt page

T= soln nxt page
P= soln nxt page

276,320 kJ/day = 105,647.94 kJ/day + Q

Q= 170,672.06 kJ/day
Q=mCpdT
170,672.06 kJ/day= 110 kg/hr(16 hr/day)(4.186 kJ/kg-K)(48.15OC T)
T= 24.98 OC
P= 3.23x10^-3 MPa

Considering 50% heat loss

Q=276,320 kJ/day in entering pipe
T=62.49 OC
P=0.02 MPa
MPa

Q= 105,647.94 kJ/day
T= 48.15 OC
P= 0.01 MPa
DIGESTER

Q= 170,672.06 kJ/day
T= 24.98 OC
P= 3.23x10^-3

Digester Optimum pH ranges from 6.8 7.2.

Digester Operating Temperature is 48.15OC which is at Mesophilic Range.
Note: Using thermodynamics properties of water to get the pressure of the steam from calculated temperature.
Information from existing processess
A heat of 2,160,064 kJ/day consumes 800 L/hr of fuel or 2,700.08 kJ/L.(Chang et.al., 2006).
Computation of fuel used
Q= mcpT + latent heat
Q=110 kg/hr(16 hr /day)(4.186 kJ/kg-K)(100OC 25OC) + 88 kJ
Q= 552,640 kJ/day
Using ratio from the above information, this amount of heat consumes 204.67 L/hr of fuel or
690.8 kJ/L.
The heat needed for the process is 552,640 kJ/day. The source of heat is from the biogas which
gives 170,562.25 kJ/day and 382,077.75 kJ from combusting the fuel.
Heat needed for the process= 552,640 kJ/day
Source of heat is from biogas= 170,562.25 kJ/day
Heat for combusting the fuel= 382,077.75 kJ/day
Amount of fuel used = (382,077.75 kJ/day) / (690.8 kJ/L)
= 553.09 L/day
Savings in amount of fuel used = 640 L/day 553.09 L/day = 86.91 L/day

54

4.13

Instrumentation and Process Control.

Figure 4.4.0 Instrumentation and Process Flow Diagram I

Water Line
Gas Line
Slurry Line
55

 Water Line

Figure 4.4.1 Instrumentation and Process Flow Diagram II

Gas Line
Slurry Line
56

4.14

Equipment Design
This part shows the design and specifications of the equipments including the type, dimensions, the pumps, pipes, and fittings;

the material handling; the instrumentation and process control; and the equipment flow diagram of the proposed project.
VACUUM RELIEF

MANHOL
E

DILUTED
MANURE

WASTE GAS
BURNER

GA

VALV
E

VALV
E

AGITATO
R

PUMP

6-8
SLUDGE
SOLIDS
6-

SLUDGE
DRAWOF
F PIPE

Figure 4.5.0 Specification of Digester

57

SLUDGE
STORAGE
TANK

The digester tank is a completely enclosed concrete tank covered by an airtight seal. The tank can be fitted with heating coils
that warm the digesting biomass. The tank is equipped with a stirrer that can keep the entire volume fully agitated and thus prevent the
formation of a surface crust. It is also equipped with an over-flow outlet, temperature and pressure gauges, etc. There is, finally, a
high-pressure valve to ensure that the pressure does not become unacceptably high if the gas removal fails. At the top of the tank there
is an outlet for the biogas produced. The reactor tank typically has a volume of 10-20 times the daily input of biomass for a
thermophilic process and 15-25 times the daily input for the mesophilic process.
4.15

Computation of dimension of cemented digester with biogas holder

Slurry volume =Sv :=Volume of Diluted manure + Volume of H2O Added

= 25.61 m3

Summary
Wall Thickness
Interior = 4

Volume of digester

= Vd :=Sv + (Sv)(.50)

Exterior = 3
Hbody= 2 m Slurry Holder

with (50%) allowance= 25.61 m3 + 25.61(.50) m3

= 38.4 m3

A= 19.2 m2
r= 2.47 m
Gas Holder

Configuration: Cylindrical

Htop= 2 m

Volume of digester = 38.4 m3

Hbottom= 2 m Sludge Holder

Height of digester = 2 m

V= 38.4 m3

2
V= r h=Ah

38.4 m3=(A)*(2m)
Area of digester = 19.2 m2
58

A= r

2
19.2 m2= r

r= 2.47 m
Volume of biogas = Vb := 69.658 m3 + 69.658 m3(.50)
with (50%) allowance = 104.49 m3
Dome:
V= /2ha2

w/r: a= 19.2 m

104.49 m3= /2h(19.2)2

h= aprox 2 m

59

4.16

Computation of dimension of sludge storage tank

Volume of sludge= 24.41 m3

Volume of slurry storage tank= Volume of sludge + Volume of sludge*(.50)
With 50% allowance

= 24.41 m3+ 24.41 m3 *(.50)

= 36.61 m3

Configuration= Rectangular
V=(L)*(W)*(H)
L=W
36.61 m3=(L) *(W)*(H) w/r: H=2m
36.61 m3=(L)*(W) *(2)
L=W= 4.27 m
Figure 4.5.1 Slurry Storage Tank
Wall Thickness
Exterior= 2
Interior= 1
L= 4.27 m
H=2 m
60

W= 4.27m
A= 18.23 m2
V= 36.61 m3
4.17

Computation of dimension of mixing tank

Cemented mixing tank

Volume of manure= 17.12 m3
Volume of H2O added= 8.4948 m3
Total volume = Volume of manure + Volume of H2O added
= 17.12 m3 + 8.4948 m3
Total volume = 25.61 m3
Volume of mixing tank= Vm := 25.61 m3+ (25.61 m3)(.50)
With (50%) allowance

= 38.41 m3

Configuration: Rectangular mixing tank

Volume of mixing tank =Vm := 38.41 m3
Height of mixing tank = Hm := 3 m
V=L x W x H
L =W

Figure 4.5.2 Mixing Tank

38.41 m3= (W) x (W) x (3m)

Wall Thickness

Width of mixing tank= Wm := 3.57 m

Exterior= 4

Length of mixing tank= Lm := 3.57 m

Interior= 2
L= 3.57 m
W= 3.57 m
61

H= 3 m
A= 12.75 m2
V= 25.61 m3
4.18

Computation of dimension of boiler

Configuration: cylindrical (Aluminum)

Mass= 110kg/hr x 16hr = 1760kg
Density=mass/volume
1000 kg/m3=1760 kg/V
V=1.76 m3
Volume with 20% allowance= 1.76 m3+ 1.76 m3*(.20)
Volume with 20% allowance= 2.1 m3
V= r2h w/r: h= 1.5 m

Height of dome = 0.2 m

r= 0.66 m
A= *(0.66)2= 1.37 m2
Figure 4.5.3 Boiler
Hbody= 1.5 m
A= 1.37 m2
r= 0.66 m
Htop= 0.2 m
V= 1.76 m3
62

4.19

Computation of dimension of gas accumulator tank

Configuration: Cylindrical (Aluminum)

V= r2h=A*h w/r: h= 2 m
69.658 m3 = r2*(2m)
r= 3.33 m
A= (3.33)2 = 34.8 m2
Dome
r= 3.33 m
Height= 0.5 m

Figure 4.5.4 Gas Accumulator Tank

Hbody= 2 m
A= 34.8 m2
63

r = 3.33 m
Htop= 0.5 m
V= 69.658 m3
4.20

Computation of dimension of scrubber

Configuration: cylindrical
m(entering water)= 1,000 kg
Density=mass/volume
1000 kg/m3=1,000 kg/V
V= 1 m3
Volume with 20% allowance= 1 m3+ 1 m3*(.20)
Volume with 20% allowance= 1.2 m3

V= r2h w/r: h= 3 m
r= 0.36 m

Height of top dome = 0.2 m

Height of bottom dome = 0.2 m

A= *(0.36)2= 0.40 m2
Figure 4.5.5 Scrubber
Hbody= 3 m
A= 0.40 m2
r= 0.36 m
Htop= 0.2 m
64

Hbottom= 0.2 m

4.21

Equipment Specification Sheet

Table 4.7.0 Equipment Specification Sheet

EQUIPMENT
S
Digester

Wall
Thickness
(inches)
7

Mixing Tank

Boiler

Sludge Storage
Tank
Accumulator

Scrubber

Configuration

Area
(m2)

Radius
(m)

Total Height
(m)

Cylindrical (body)
w/
Top and Bottom
Dome
Rectangular w/
Top Opened
Cylindrical (body)
(aluminum)
w/
Top Dome
Rectangular w/
Top Opened
Cylindrical w/ Top
Dome (aluminum)
Cylindrical

19.2

2.47

12.75

1.37

0.66

18.23

Width
(m)

Length
(m)

38.4

3.57

3.57

1.7

Volume
(m3)

25.61
1.76

4.27

4.37

36.61

34.8

3.33

2.5

69.658

0.40

0.36

3.4

1.2

65

4.22

Pumps, Pipes and Fittings

The pumping system of the whole operation will be uniform-motor pumps. The fluids

needing such aide for transporting from one process to another are easy to handle, thus, motor
pumps will give remarkable and efficient aide.
The materials used for the pipes for different unit operations were preferably
Polyethylene pipe with 50.95mm for the main production line and 20mm for the other
transferring of fluid and natural rubber for the transportation of gas. Since the input is corrosive
the pipes are effective to be used.
The pipes, valves and fittings needed for the production with the specification can be
bought locally.
For one working digester set-up.
Table 4.7.1 PIPELINE LIST
Material
Polyethylene Pipe
Polyethylene Pipe
Natural Rubber
Polyethylene Pipe
Natural Rubber

P-1
P-2
P-3
P-4
P-5

Diameter
50.95 mm
20 mm
20 mm
50.95 mm 1.40 m
20 mm

Length
0.40 m
1.40 m
0.40 m
1.40 m
2m

For one working digester set-up.

Table 4.7.2 VALVE AND FITTINGS LIST
V (6 pcs)
9-elbows

4.23

Line Size
20 mm
20 mm

Valve/Fitting Class
Gate Valve
90 degrees

Material Handling

Cow Manure (Outsource)

66

The cow manure required each day is 16,989.6 kg of operation will be collected at
different location near the plant, whereby, it will be recommended to know the closest
source of cow manure will be and the class of manure which must not been contaminated
e.g. soil, sand, and must only be from cows. Then the collected cow manure will be
directed to dilution tank, the dilution of manure will also prevent clogging the main pipes
when the operation starts, the amount of water used in dilution of manure is 8,494.8 kg
water. The required manure and calculated amount of water used is in dilution are in
detailed computation.
Sludge
When the gas have been collected the sludge will be pumped out from the bottom of the
digester and the collected sludge from the tank will be sent to the sludge house which can
be used for potential application in the fields. Careful handling and storage of raw
materials are based mainly to the amount of product produced each day.
Gas
After the gas have been collected from the accumulation tank that has lower energy value
for transport fuel needed it will be directly sent to the scrubber made with the
specification needed for the entering gas and amount of water to be used, the converted
gas will pass through a compressor for an efficient use that will be collected in vessels
provided and the vessels used will be stored in the gas house.
*The pump can be im-mersed in the dilution tank or sit in its own pump well. The pump often
has an associated comminutor, which shreds the biomass.

67