IELTS Writing 1

IELTS WRITING TASK 1
Prepared by SUMON DATTA
Sumon Datta
3/7/13
101
SUIMON DATTA, B.SC. AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING ||Page |1

1. The chart and graph below give information about sales and share prices for Coca-Cola. Write a report for a
university lecturer describing the information shown below.
Model answer:
The pie chart shows the worldwide distribution of sales of Coca-Cola in the year 2000 and the graph illustrates the
change in share prices between 1996 and 2001.
In the year 2000, Coca-Cola sold a total of 17.1 billion cases of their fizzy drink product worldwide. The largest consumer
was North America, where 30.4 per cent of the total volume was purchased. The second largest consumer was Latin
America. Europe and Asia purchased 20.5 and 16.4 per cent of the total volume respectively, while Africa and the Middle
East remained fairly small consumers at 7 per cent of the total volume of sales.
Since 1996, share prices for Coca-Cola have fluctuated. In that year, shares were valued at approximately $35. Between
1996 and 1997, however, prices rose significantly to $70 per share. They dipped a little in mid-1997 and then peaked at
$80 per share in mid-98. From then until 2000 their value fell consistently but there was a slight rise in mid-2000.
2. The chart below gives information about global sales of games software, CDs and DVD or video. Write a report
for a university lecturer describing the information.
Model answer:
The chart shows the changes in the sales of video material / DVDs, games software and CDs around the world in billions
of dollars over a three-year period. It can be seen that the sales of videos / DVDs and games software have increased,
while the sales of CDs have gone down slightly.
Between 2000 and 2003, the sale of videos and DVDs rose by approximately 13 billion dollars. In 2000, just under 20
billion dollars worth of these items were sold, but in 2003, this figure had risen to a little over 30 billion dollars.
The sales of games software also rose during this period, but less sharply. Sales increased from about 13 billion dollars in

2000 to just under 20 billion dollars three years later. By contrast, during the same time period, the sale of CDs fell from
35 billion dollars in 2000 to about 32.5 billion dollars in 2003.
3. The graphs below show the types of music albums purchased by people in Britain according to s3x and age.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.
Model answer:
The three graphs provide an overview of the types of music people purchase in the UK. At first glance we see that
classical music is far less popular than pop or rock music.
While slightly more women than men buy pop music, the rock market is dominated by men with 30% buying rock,
compared to 17% of women. From the first graph we see that interest in pop music is steady from age 16 to 44 with 20%
of the population continuing to buy pop CDs after the age of 45.

The interest in rock music reaches its peak among the 25 to 34 year olds, though it never sells as well as pop. Interest
also drops off after the age of 35 with an even sharper fall from age 45 onwards, a pattern which is the opposite to the
classical music graph.
4. The graphs below show the numbers of male and female workers in 1975 and 1995 in several employment
sectors of the republic of Fredonia. Write a report for a university teacher describing the information shown.
Model answer:
The two decades between 1975 and 1995 brought significant changes in the representation of women in Fredonias work
force, according to the graphs.
In 1975, for example, some 300 000 men and 250 000 women worked in the communications sector. Twenty years later,
though the number of men remained unchanged, the number of women rose to 550 000.
A similar situation was seen in the wholesale and retail trade sector, where the number of women rose from about 550
000 in 1975 to almost 800 000 two decades later. The number of men in this sector remained stable over the period, at
around 700 000.
Women also made gains in both the finance/banking industries and in the defense-related public sector. Whereas some
125 000 women worked in finance and banking institutions in 1975, the number increased to 450 000 by 1995. The

number of men grew only marginally from 425 000 to 480 000 over the same period. In defense, the number of men
declined from 225 000 to 200 000, while the number of women rose from 25 000 to over 100 000.
Two sectors that retained stable employment numbers for both men and women were manufacturing, which had about
300 000 women and 650 000 men in both surveyed years, and the public sector (non-defense), which employed 650 000
women and 850 000 men.
Thus, women appear to have made gains in the Fredonias work force but not at the expense of men.
5. Eating sweet foods produces acid in the mouth, which can cause tooth decay. (High acid levels are measured
by low pH values). Describe the information below and discuss the implications for dental health.
Model answer:
Anyone who has visited a dentist has been told that eating excessive amounts of sweets risks harming the teeth. This is
because sweets lower pH levels in the mouth to dangerous levels.
When the pH level in the mouth is kept above 5.5, acidity is such that teeth are unlikely to be in danger of decay. Sweet
foods, however, cause pH in the mouth to drop for a time, and the longer pH levels remain below 5.5, the greater the
opportunity for decay to occur.
By comparing fruit sugar, cane sugar and honey, which are all common ingredients of sweet foods, we find that cane
sugar lowers pH levels for the longest period, thus producing the greatest risk of the three. Approximately five minutes
after consuming cane sugar, pH levels drop to as little as pH 3.5. They then begin to rise slowly, but do not rise above pH
5.5 until at least 30 minutes have elapsed. By contrast, fruit sugar, which causes the mouth's acidity to fall to just above
pH 4, poses a danger for a shorter period: tooth decay is unlikely 20 minutes after consumption. Honey appears an even
less risky substance. Though acidity falls to about pH 4.75 within five minutes of consumption, it returns to above pH 5.5
in under fifteen minutes.
The implications, then, are that people who insist on eating sweet foods should be aware of the ingredients, and that fruit
sugar or honey appear preferable to cane sugar.
6. The diagram below shows the typical stages of consumer goods manufacturing, including the process by
which information is fed back to earlier stages to enable adjustment.
Model answer:
Most consumer goods go through a series of stages before they emerge as finished products ready for sale.
Raw materials and manufactured components comprise the initial physical input in the manufacturing process. Once
obtained, these are stored for later assembly. But assembly first depends upon the production planning stage, where it is
decided how and in what quantities the stored materials will be processed to create sufficient quantities of finished goods.
The production planning stage itself follows the requirements of the goods' design stage that proceeds from extensive
research. After assembly, the products are inspected and tested to maintain quality control l Those units that pass the
inspection and testing stages are then packaged, dispatched and offered for sale in retail outlets. The level of sales,
which is the end point of the manufacturing process, helps determine production planning.
A product's design is not only the result of product research, but is also influenced by testing and market research. If the
testing stage (after assembly and inspection) reveals unacceptable problems in the finished product, then adjustments will
have to be made to the product's design. Similarly, market research, which examines the extent and nature of the
demand for products, has the role of guiding product design to suit consumer demands which may change with time.
Market research, while influenced by product sales, also serves to foster future sales by devising suitable advertising for
the goods.
Thus the reality of consumer goods manufacturing goes well beyond a simple linear production process.
7. The table below shows social and economic indicators for four countries in 1994, according to United Nations
statistics. Describe the information shown below in your own words. What implications do the indicators have
for the countries?
Indicators
Annual income per person (in $US)
Life expectancy at birth
Daily calorie supply per person
Adult literacy rate (%)
Canada
Japan
Peru
Zaire
11100
15760
160
130
76
78
51
47
3326
2846
1927
1749
99
99
68
34
Model answer:
A glance at four indicators of economic and social conditions in four countries, Canada, Japan, Peru and Zaire, in 1994
reflects the great differences that exist between wealthier and poorer nations.
The table shows that Japan and Canada had annual incomes of $15 760 and $11 100 per person, respectively. These
figures were overwhelmingly greater than the corresponding figures of $160 in Peru and $130 in Zaire.
Health indicators, too, reflected overall levels of affluence in the four nations. Life expectancy at birth, for example, was
higher among the more economically developed countries. Japan reported the highest life expectancy, 78. This was
followed by Canada, 76; Peru, 51; and Zaire, 47; This suggests that richer societies are able to put more money into
health care than poorer ones.
The amount of calories consumed daily per person roughly followed the same ranking. Canadians each consumed some
3 326 calories per day while the Japanese took 2846 calories. The corresponding figures for Peru and Zaire were 1927
and 1749, respectively.
Literacy rates among adults, too, were higher in wealthier countries, no doubt a reflection of ability to invest in education.
Canada and Japan both reported literacy rates of 99%, while Peru claimed 68%. Zaire, the least economically developed
of the four countries, had a literacy rate of 34%.
The data appear to confirm the often cited link between national wealth and health and education standards.
8. The diagram below shows the average hours of unpaid work per week done by people in different categories.
(Unpaid work refers to such activities as childcare in the home, housework and gardening.)
Model answer:
The diagram reveals that the number of hours per week spent in unpaid work is unequally distributed between men and
women.
In households where there are no children, women are reported to work some 30 hours per week in such tasks as
housework and gardening. Men's contribution to these unpaid jobs averages a considerably lower 18 hours.
When children enter the household, however, the inequality becomes even more pronounced. In families of 1 - 2 children,
men maintain approximately the same number of hours of unpaid work as in childless households, but the number of
hours women work in the home rises to 52 per week, much of it, on doubt, due to childcare responsibilities.
Interestingly, when there are three or more children in the household, men are found to work even fewer hours around the
house than before the appearance of the third child. Whereas women's unpaid hours rise to approximately 56 per week,
the corresponding figure for men, 16, actually represents a decrease.
The data suggest that the increased presence of women in the paid work force has yet to lead to an increased role for
men in the home.
9. The chart below shows the sleep patterns of people in five different occupations according to a Canadian
study.
asleep:
Occupation
6-7 pm
7-8 pm
8-9 pm
9-10 pm
Student
awake:
Truck Driver
Full-time
mother
Business
Executive
Doctor

10-11 pm
11-12 pm
12-1 am
1-2 am
2-3 am
3-4 am
4-5 am
5-6 am
6-7 am
7-8 am
8-9 am
9-10 am
10-11 am
11-12 am
12-1 pm
1-2 pm
2-3 pm
3-4 pm
4-5 pm
5-6 pm
Model answer:
Differences in sleep patterns appear to reflect differences in individuals' occupations.
A Canadian study has pointed out, for example, that students typically sleep for a consecutive 8-hour period each night,
from 11 p.m. to 7 a.m. This may be because the central activity in their lives, study, takes place in normal daylight hours.
Similarly, business executives sleep consecutive hours, but perhaps because their jobs are especially busy and stressful
they sleep for 6 hours on average, getting up around 5 a.m.
By contrast, truck drivers, probably because of their need to keep their trucks on the road over long periods, tend to sleep
in two 3-hour blocks: one between 7 and 10 a.m. and another from 4 to 7 p.m. Another occupation associated with broken
sleep schedules is that of doctors. They tend to retire to bed around 1 a.m. and start their day at 7 a.m.., but may be
woken up to deal with emergencies in the middle of the night. Finally, full-time mothers, especially those with young
children, tend to sleep when their babies do. Typically, they will sleep from 10 p.m. and be awoken at 1 a.m. to comfort

their babies for a couple of hours. They then go back to bed to wake at 6 a.m., but nap for two hours or so in the early
afternoon.
Thus the influence on one's sleep pattern is worthy of consideration when choosing an occupation.
10. The chart below shows the amount of leisure time enjoyed by men and women of different employment
status.
Model answer:
The chart shows the number of hours of leisure enjoyed by men and women in a typical week in 1998-9, according to
gender and employment status.
Among those employed full-time, men on average had fifty hours of leisure, whereas women had approximately thirtyseven hours. There were no figures given for male part-time workers, but female part-timers had forty hours of leisure
time, only slightly more than women in full-time employment, perhaps reflecting their work in the home.
In the unemployed and retired categories, leisure time showed an increase for both sexes, as might have been expected.
Here too, men enjoyed more leisure time over eighty hours, compared with seventy hours for women, perhaps once again
reflecting the fact that women spend more time working in the home than men.
Lastly, housewives enjoyed approximately fifty-four hours of leisure, on average. There were no figures given for
househusbands! Overall, the chart demonstrates that in the categories for which statistics on male leisure time were
available, men enjoyed at least ten hours of extra leisure time.
11. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information in the graph below.
S U I M O N D A T T A , B . S C . A G R I C U L T U R A L E N G I N E E R I N G | | P a g e | 10
Model answer:
The graph compares the rate of smoking in men and women in Someland between the years 1960 and 2000. It can be
clearly seen that the rate of smoking for both men and women is currently declining and that fewer women have smoked
throughout the period.
In 1960, 600 men in every 1,000 was smoking. This number decreased gradually to 500 by 1974 and continued to
decrease but more steeply to 250 in 2000. In contrast, the rate of smoking in women in 1960 was very low at only 80 in
every 1,000. By 1968 this increased to 170, and increased again but more steeply to 320 in 1977. The rate of female
smokers then remained stable at 320 until 1984 at which point the figures began to decline and had dropped to 200 by
2000.
In conclusion we can see that the rate of smoking in men dropped throughout the whole period but was always at a higher
level than the female figures. The rate of smoking in women increased until 1977 but then decreased for the rest of the
period.
12. Write a report describing the information in the graph below.
Model answer:
The line graph shows estimated sales of gold in Dubai for 12 months in 2002 in millions of dirhams. There were two main
seasons for gold sales.
The main season for sales is in the December to May period. Sales were consistently above 200 million dirhams per
month, rising sharply to a peak of 350 million dirhams in March. However, for the next four months, sales declined
steadily, reaching an annual low of 120 million dirhams in July.
In August, there was a sudden increase. Sales almost doubled, rising from 120 million dirhams in July to 210 million
dirhams in August. This was followed by a drop in September, back to the July figure.
From September to October, sales recovered, from 120 to 180 million. In October and November, sales remained steady,
and there was a small increase in December to 190 million dirhams.
In conclusion, the main sales period is in the early part of the year, slumping in the summer, except for a sudden increase
in August.
13. The chart below shows the amount of money per week spent on fast foods in Britain. The graph shows the
trends in consumption of fast foods.
Model answer:
The chart shows that high income earners consumed considerably more fast foods than the other income groups,
spending more than twice as much on hamburgers (43 pence per person per week) than on fish and chips or pizza (both
under 20 pence). Average income earners also favored hamburgers, spending 33 pence per person per week, followed
by fish and chips at 24 pence, then pizza at 11 pence. Low income earners appear to spend less than other income
groups on fast foods, though fish and chips remains their most popular fast food, followed by hamburgers and then pizza.
From the graph we can see that in 1970, fish and chips were twice as popular as burgers, pizza being at that time the
least popular fast food. The consumption of hamburgers and pizza has risen steadily over the 20 year period to 1990
while the consumption of fish and chips has been in decline over that same period with a slight increase in popularity
since 1985.
14. The charts below show the number of Japanese tourists travelling abroad between 1985 and 1995 and
Australias share of the Japanese tourist market.
Model answer:
This chart shows us that Japanese tourists go abroad for travelling in a decade and Australians share of marketing for
Japanese tourists. Between 1985 and 1995 Japanese tourists travelling abroad was dramatically increased. In 85 there
was about 5 million traveler go abroad. Since 85 number of traveler went up dramatically until 40. It was almost twice then
between 90 and 93 the number remain stable, which is about 12 millions. From 93 to 95 it rose slightly. Therefore in 1995
there were about 15 million people went abroad.
I am going to write about the other chart, which is Australians share of Japanese tourist market. This is also between
1985 and 1995. About 2 million Japanese tourist went to Australia in 1985. Between 85 and 89 people went there is
increased sharply, which is almost 3 times more. In 1990 it fall number slightly but from 90 to 94 number is went up.
However 94 to 95 is not so went up number of people who went to Australia. It remain is the same or slightly decreased.
Comment:
This is an answer written by a candidate who achieved a Band 5 score. Here is the examiners comment:
The writer does what is required of her in terms of task fulfilment, and the message can be followed, but the weaknesses
in grammatical control and in spelling cause difficulty for the reader. Complex sentence structures are attempted, but the
greatest levels of accuracy are found in basic, simple structures.
15. The chart below shows the amount spent on six consumer goods in four European countries.
Model answer:
The chart shows that Britain, among the four European countries listed, has spent most heavily on the range of consumer
goods included. In every case, British spending is considerably higher than that of other countries; only in the case of
tennis racquets does another country, Italy, come close.
In contrast, Germany is generally the lowest spender. This Is most evident in photographic film, where Germany spends
much less than Britain. Germany only spends more than another country, France, in two cases; tennis racquets and
perfumes.
Meanwhile, France and Italy generally maintain middle positions, averaging approximately similar spending overall.
Specifically, France spends more on CDs and photographic film but less on tennis racquets than Italy does. Italys
spending on personal stereos is only marginally greater than that of France, while spending on toys is equal between the
two.
It is clear from the data given that there are some significant differences in spending habits within Europe.
16. The charts below show the main reasons for study among students of different age groups and the amount of
support they received from employers.
Model answer:
The first graph shows that there is a gradual decrease in study for career reasons with age. Nearly 80% of students under
26 years, study for their career. This percentage gradually declines by 10-20% every decade. Only 40% of 40-49yr olds
and 18% of over 49yr olds studying for career reasons in late adulthood.
Conversely, the first graph also shows that study stemming from interest increases with age. There are only 10% of under
26yr olds studying out of interest. The percentage increases slowly till the beginning of the fourth decade, and increases
dramatically in late adulthood. Nearly same number of 40-49yr olds study for career and interest. However 70% of over
49yr olds study for interest in comparison to 18% studying for career reasons in that age group.
The second graph shows that employer support is maximum (approximately 60%) for the under 26yr students. It drops
rapidly to 32% up to the third decade of life, and then increases in late adulthood up to about 44%. It is unclear whether
employer support is only for career-focused study, but the highest level is for those students who mainly study for career
purposes.
This is an answer written by a candidate who achieved a Band 8 score. Here is the examiner's comment:
This answer summarizes the key features of both charts and integrates them well. Clear trends are identified and
supported with appropriately-selected figures. The answer could only be improved by adding an introduction to the
general topic of the charts.
The information is well organized, with a clearly-signaled progression. Linking words are used accurately and precisely,
although there is occasional omission. Paragraphing is used well initially, but lapses in the later section.
A very good range of vocabulary is used to convey the information concisely and accurately with only occasional
inappropriacy. Words are used precisely and there are no errors in spelling or word form.
A wide range of structures is used and most sentences in this answer are accurate. Errors are rare and do not affect
communication in this answer.
17. The chart below shows information about Heart Attacks by Age and Gender in USA. Summarize the
information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Model answer:
The graph shows how age and gender influence the frequency of heart attacks in the US.
Less than 6% of all heart attacks occur in the 29-44 age group. The number of women who suffer heart attacks in this
group is negligible - only 3000 per year, compared to 123,000 men.
However the proportion of men and women with heart attacks rises dramatically between 45 and 64, with over half a
million per year. Over 420,000 men a year in this age group have heart attacks. The incidence amongst women increases
- women have one heart attack for every three men in this age group.
Over the age of 65, the number of men suffering heart attacks only increases slightly. However there is a huge increase in
the number of women with heart attacks - they comprise over 40% of all victims.
In conclusion, men are more likely to be the victims of heart attacks at all ages, but women are increasingly likely over the
age of 65.
18. The graph shows estimated oil production capacity for several Gulf countries between 1990 and 2010.
Model answer:
The graph shows Oil Production Capacity in millions of barrels per day for selected Gulf countries. There are several
features in this graph.
The most significant feature is that oil production will increase sharply in almost all the countries shown. Kuwait and Iraq
are both expected to double their output between 1990 and 2010, with Kuwait's production rising from 1.8 million barrels
per day (bpd) in 1990 to 3.8 in 2010. Iran will also increase its output by a slightly smaller amount. After remaining steady
at 2.5 million bpd from 1990 to 2000, the UAE's output is expected to approach 4.0 million bpd in 2010. Only Qatar's
production is predicted to fall, back to 0.8 million bpd after a slight rise in 2000.
However, the greatest increase will be from Saudi Arabia. In 1990, its output capacity at 8.5 million bpd exceeded the
combined production of Iran, Iraq and Kuwait. This lead is expected to continue with a 75% increase in production to 14.5
million bpd 2010.
In summary, while most of the countries are expected to show increases, Saudi Arabia will maintain and strengthen its
position as the major producer.
19.
Model answer:
The chart shows male and female graduates from the Higher Colleges of Technology colleges in the UAE.
The most outstanding feature of the graph is female graduates outnumber males in all the colleges. For example, in
Dubai, there are 30% more women graduates than men. There are also large differences in Al Ain and in Ras Al
Khaimah. However, the number of men and women is almost equal in the colleges in Abu Dhabi.
There are also big differences in the sizes of the colleges. Ras Al Khaimah has less than 300 students altogether, while
Abu Dhabi has about 600 and Dubai has almost 1000.
In summary, women outnumber men in all the colleges, and there are significant differences in the sizes of the colleges.
20. The graph shows Internet Usage in Taiwan by Age Group, 1998-2000.
Model answer:
The graph shows changes in the age profile of Internet users in Taiwan between 1998 and 2000.
The main users of the Internet in Taiwan are young adults between 16 and 30 years old. In 1998, they accounted for
more than half of all users. In 1999 the number dropped slightly to 45%, but even in 2000 they were the biggest group.
The second biggest group of users is aged between 31 and 50. They made up 41% in 1998, falling slightly to 37% in
2000. When combined with the 16-30 age group, over 94% of users in 1998 were between 16 and 50.
However this number is dropping steadily as more children and older users log on. In 1999, the number of children online
quadrupled from 2% to 8%, and it continued to increase in 2000. There were similar increases for older users, rising from
4% in 1998 to 10% in 2000.
In summary, while adults between 16 and 50 still represent the great majority of Internet users in Taiwan, their share is
declining as more children and older users join the web.
21. The graph shows Underground Station Passenger Numbers in London.
Model answer:
The graph shows the fluctuation in the number of people at a London underground station over the course of a day.
The busiest time of the day is in the morning. There is a sharp increase between 06:00 and 08:00, with 400 people using
the station at 8 o'clock. After this the numbers drop quickly to less than 200 at 10 o'clock. Between 11 am and 3 pm the
number rises, with a plateau of just under 300 people using the station.
In the afternoon, numbers decline, with less than 100 using the station at 4 pm. There is then a rapid rise to a peak of 380
at 6pm. After 7 pm, numbers fall significantly, with only a slight increase again at 8pm, tailing off after 9 pm.
Overall, the graph shows that the station is most crowded in the early morning and early evening periods.
22. The chart below shows the employment rates across 6 countries in 1995 and 2005.
Model answer:
The graph shows changes in employment rates in six countries between 1995 and 2005, for men and women. Overall
more and more people of working age are employed, and there have been significant improvements for women, although
they leg behind men in entering the workforce.
The most obvious trend in the graph is that women have lower employment rates in most of the countries in the graph.
For example, in Australia in 1995, 57 percent of men could find work or retain a job, but only 27 percent of women. The
difference was even bigger in New Zealand, with 60 percent of women. Even in Switzerland and Iceland, slightly more
men than women were in the job market.
The second biggest trend in the graph is the improvement in employment between 1995 and 2005. In all countries shown,
figures for both men and women improved. The biggest change was in the United Kingdom, from 55 percent of men in
1995 to 73 percent over the ten years period.
Furthermore, the increases in employment rates for women were much higher in New Zealand. The percentage of
working women jumped from 25 percent to 42 percent, and in the United States from 45 percent to 61 percent over the
decade.
In conclusion, all the countries in the graph showed at least a 12 percent increase in employment rates of both men and
women over the ten years. While men had relatively higher employment rate throughout the period, more and more
women appear to be entering the labor market.
23. The chart below shows the figures for imprisonment in five countries between 1930 and 1980.
Model answer:
The table shows that the figures for imprisonment in the five countries mentioned indicate no overall pattern of increase or
decrease. In fact there is considerable fluctuation from country to country.
In Great Britain the numbers in prison have increased steadily from 30 000 in 1930 to 80,000 in 1980. On the other hand
in Australia, and particularly in New Zealand the numbers fell markedly from 1930 to 1940. Since then they have
increased gradually, apart from in 1980 when the numbers in prison in New Zealand fell by about 30,000 from the 1970
total. Canada is the only country in which the numbers in prison have decreased over the period 1930 to 1980, although
there have been fluctuations in this trend. The figures for the United States indicate the greatest number of prisoners
compared to the other four countries but population size needs to be taken into account in this analysis. The prison
population in the United States increased rapidly from 1970 to 1980 and this must be a worrying trend.
24. The table below shows the consumer durables (telephone, refrigerator, etc.) owned in Britain from 1972 to
1983.
Consumer
durables
Percentage of
households
with:
1972
1974
1976
1978
1979
1981
1982 1983
central heating
39
43
48
52
55
59
60
64
television
93
95
96
96
97
97
97
98
video
18
vacuum cleaner
87
89
92
92
93
94
95
refrigerator
73
81
88
91
92
93
93
94
washing
machine
66
68
71
75
74
78
79
80
60
67
75
76
77
dishwasher
telephone
42
50
54
Model answer:
The chart shows that the percentage of British households with a range of consumer durables steadily increased between
1972 and 1983. The greatest increase was in telephone ownership, rising from 42% in 1972 to 77% in 1983. Next came
central heating ownership, rising from 37% of households in 1972 to 64% in 1983. The percentage of households with a
refrigerator rose 2 1% over the same period and of those with a washing machine by 14%. Households with vacuumcleaners. Televisions and dishwashers increased by 8%, 5% and 2% respectively. In 1983. The year of their introduction,
18% of households had a video recorder.
The significant social changes reflected in the statistics are that over the period the proportion of British houses with
central heating rose from one to two thuds, and of those with a phone from under a half to over three-quarters. Together
with the big increases in the ownership of washing machines and refrigerators, they are evidence of both rising living
standards and the trend to lifestyles based on comfort and convenience.
25. The line graph below shows the number of annual visits to Australia by overseas residents. The table below
gives information on the country of origin where the visitors came from. Write a report for a university lecturer
describing the information given.
NUMBER OF VISITORS (million)

1975
2005
SOUTH KOREA
2.9
9.1
JAPAN
3.2
12.0
CHINA
0.3
0.8
USA
0.4
1.1
BRITAIN
0.9
2.9
EUROPE
1.1
4.5
Total
8.8
30.4
Model answer:
The given line graph illustrates information on the number of overseas visitors traveling to Australia in millions of people.
Overall, one notable trend seems to be that Australia has steadily become more popular as a destination spot. For
example, there were 20 million more visitors to Australia in 2005 than in 1975. That's a jump from 10 million to 30 million
in 20 years.
The second table gives statistics showing the countries whose residents went to Australia between 1975 and 2005. In
both years, the largest number of visitors came from Japan, followed by South Korea and Europe. Britain, the United
States and China also had many people traveling to Australia in these years. In fact, the number of people visiting
Australia grew in every one of these countries. For example, in 2005, 12 million people went there from Japan compared
with only 3.2 million in 1975.
26. The graphs show enrolment in different colleges in the Higher Colleges of Technology in 1999. Write a total of
150 - 200 words about the information in the three graphs. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the
information given.
Model answer:
The charts shows student enrolment by gender and level in different colleges of the Higher Colleges of Technology
colleges in the UAE.
There are clear differences in male and female enrolment. Females outnumber men in all the colleges, with almost 25%
more students in Dubai Women's college than in Dubai Men's. Ras Al-Khaimah Women's College has almost 180
students, compared to only 100 in the Men's college.
Females also outnumber males by level, with almost double the number of men at Higher Diploma level (330 compared to
181). Only at Diploma level does the number of men slightly exceed that of women.
Over half the students are in Certificate level, with less than a quarter at Higher Diploma or Bachelor level.
In conclusion, most students in the Higher Colleges are enrolled at Diploma level or below, and the majority of students
are women.
27. The chart shows the number of mobile phones and landlines per 100 people in selected countries.
Model answer:
The graph shows the number of mobile phones and landlines per 100 users, for selected countries. Overall, most of the
countries included in the graph have more mobile phones subscribers than landlines.
Most European countries have high mobile phone use. The biggest users of mobile phones are the Italians, with 88 cell
phones per 100 people. For example, Italy has twice as many mobile phones as landlines, with 88 mobiles per hundred
people compared to 45 for landlines. Mobile phone use is low in Canada, with fewer than 40 phones per 100 people.
Denmark is also unusual because it has slightly more landlines than mobile phones.
However, in some countries, the number of landlines is higher than the number of mobile phones. One example is the
USA, where the number of mobiles, at 50 per 100 people, is much lower than the number of landlines, at almost 70 per
hundred. A similar pattern can be seen in Canada. The highest number of landlines in the graph is in Denmark, with about
90 per 100 people. In contrast, the lowest figures for fixed lines are in Italy and the UK.
In conclusion, it seems that mobile phone use is higher in Europe than in North America.
28. The chart below shows estimated world literacy rates by region and by gender for the year 2000
Model answer:
In this report I will describe a bar chart that shows the estimated world illiteracy rates by gender and region for the year
2000.
First I will look at male illiteracy for the 6 areas shown. The lowest rates were in Developed Countries, Latin
America/Caribbean and East Asia/Oceania with rates of 1% (approximately), 10% and 8% (approximately) respectively.
The rates for the next three areas were much higher and quite similar to each other. Sub-Saharan Africa, the Arab States
and South Asia had rates of approximately 31%, 29% and 34%.
Female illiteracy was much higher relatively in each area except Latin America/Caribbean where it was only slightly
higher. The lowest rates for female illiteracy were again Developed Countries, Latin America/Caribbean and East
Asia/Oceania with rates of approximately 2%, 12% and 20%. Again the rates for the next three areas were much higher
and quite similar to each other. Sub-Saharan Africa, the Arab States and South Asia had rates of approximately 48%,
52% and 56%.
29. In June 1996, an experimental flu vaccine was trialed in a large country town on females only.
Model answer:
The diagrams show data for a flu epidemic which hit a large country town in 1996. Figure 1 gives the number of persons
who died; Figure 2 shows the percentage breakdown of females who received a new flu vaccine; and Figure 3 gives the
number of cases of flu before and during the epidemic.
In Figure 1 it can be seen that the flu was responsible for the deaths of 2 females but no males in the period from March
to May. However, from June to August, there were 4 female deaths and 1 male death.
According to the pie chart in Figure 2, only those females most at risk were given the new flu vaccine; 28% did not take
part in the trial. Of those females who took part, 35% were aged (over 65 years old); 24% were babies or children; and
13% were either hospitalized or receiving other medical attention.
From Figure 3 it is clear that the new vaccine had a positive effect on the number of new cases of flu reported in females.
There were just over 1000 cases reported in March, climbing rapidly to a peak of 3500 in June. Thereafter, the number of
cases dropped slowly to about 2800 in August, before levelling off at 2500 for the rest of the year. For males, the figures
were lower but showed a similar trend throughout the epidemic.
30. The table below shows the sales at a small restaurant in a downtown business district.
Sales: week of October 7-13

Mon.
Tues.
Wed.
Thurs.
Fri.
Sat.
Sun.
Lunch
$2,400
$2,450
$2,595
$2,375
$2,500
$1,950
$1,550
Dinner
$3,623
$3,850
$3,445
$3,800
$4,350
$2,900
$2,450
Model answer:
The sales at this small restaurant during the week of October 7 to 13th followed a fairly set pattern from Monday to Friday,
and then showed notable shift on the weekend. The lunch and dinner sales during the week peaked on Friday and then
dipper down as the weekend set in.
During the week of October 7-14th, the lunch sales averaged at approximately $2,400. The highest lunch sales occurred
on Friday, and the lowest occurred on Sunday. Sunday's lunch sales were approximately $1,000 less than the average
lunch sales during the rest of the week.
Dinner sales, which generated at least $1,000 to $1,500 more a day than lunch sales, also remained steady during the
week. Just like the lunch sales, the dinner sales peak on Friday and dipped down for the weekend.
Excluding Wednesday and Thursday, the lunch and dinner sales from October 7-11 rose gradually until the end of the
business week. Midweek, on Wednesday and Thursday, the sales were slightly lower than they were on Tuesday.
According to the sales report, this restaurant has a steady lunch and dinner crowd. The most profitable day during the
second week of October was Friday. Sunday, was the least profitable day, with the full day's sales totaling/totaling less
than the Friday dinner sales. These numbers are reflective of a restaurant that is located in a business/financial district
where business hours are Monday through Friday.
31.
Model answer:
The graphs compare the number of deaths caused by six diseases in Someland in 1990 with the amount of research
funding allocated to each of those diseases. It can be clearly seen that the amount of research funding in many cases did
not correlate with the seriousness of the disease in terms of numbers of deaths.
In 1990 there were around 0.2 million deaths from AIDS, 0.1 million deaths from leprosy, 0.3 million deaths from tropical
diseases, 0.5 million deaths from diarrihea, 0.4 million deaths from malaria and 1.8 million deaths from TB. These figures
can be contrasted with the amount of funding allocated for each disease. In 1990 AIDS received 180 million dollars in
research funding, leprosy 80 million dollars in research funding, tropical diseases 79 million dollars in research funding,
diarrhoea 60 million dollars in research funding, malaria 50 million dollars and TB 20 million dollars in research funding.
In conclusion it is clear that funding allocation for disease research in Someland is not wholly determined by the number
of deaths for which each disease is responsible in a given year.
32.
Model answer:
The pie charts compare the highest level of education achieved by women in Someland across two years, 1945 and
1995. It can be clearly seen that women received a much higher level of education in Someland in 1995 than they did in
1945.
In 1945 only 30% of women completed their secondary education and 1% went on to a first degree. No women had
completed post-graduate studies. This situation had changed radically by 1995. In 1995, 90% of women in Someland had
completed secondary education and of those, half had graduated from an initial degree and 20% had gone on to
postgraduate studies. At the other end of the scale we can see that by 1995 all girls were completing lower secondary,
although 10% ended their schooling at this point. This is in stark contrast with 1945 when only 30% of girls completed
primary school, 35% had no schooling at all and 35% only completed the third grade.
In conclusion, we can see that in the 50 years from 1945 to 1995 there have been huge positive developments to the
education levels of women in Someland.
33.
Model answer:
The table shows how people in different age groups spend their leisure time in Someland over the course of a year. It can
be clearly seen that the amount of leisure time available varies considerably across the age groups and that people of
different age levels have very different ways of spending their leisure time.
According to the figures, as people age in Someland their social lives reduce. Teenagers and people in their twenties
spend on average 500 hours per year on socializing and 350 hours of that time is with a group of more than 4 people.
Although the total hours of socializing in their 30s, 40s, 50s and 60s is fairly constant (between 300-350), socializing with
more than 4 people drops dramatically to 50 hours in the 30s and 40s age groups and only 25 from 50 years old. Group
and individual exercise follow a similar pattern.
People of all ages spend a good part of their leisure time on entertainment such as TV/video viewing and cinema. In both
cases, teenagers and retired people spend around twice as much time as those who are at working age. Home
entertainment ranges from just over a thousand hours for teenagers and retired people and an average of 600 hours for
everyone else. Cinema accounts for 100 hours of the teenagers and retired peoples leisure time and 25-50 hours for the
rest.
In conclusion we can see there is a significant trend towards solitary and smaller group activities as people grow older
and that teenagers and retired people spend a lot more time on entertainment than those of working age do.
Model answer:
The chart shows striking differences in the level of computer and Internet penetration in the Arab world.
The UAE and Kuwait are by far the most computerized countries, with Lebanon a distant third. The UAE has over 150
computers for every 1000 inhabitants, compared to Kuwait's 130 and Lebanon's 60. In contrast, countries such as Egypt,
Morocco and Syria have less than 20 computers per 1000 inhabitants.
There are also great differences in Internet use and availability. The UAE has by far the highest proportion of users, with
more than one-third of its population using the Internet. Kuwait and Lebanon are second and third again, with 100 users
per thousand in Kuwait and 80 in Lebanon. In some countries the number using the Internet is negligible: Saudi Arabia
has less than 20 users per thousand, and there are fewer than 5 users per thousand in Syria.
One unusual feature of the graph is that Internet use does not seem to be directly related to the number of computers. In
several countries (the UAE, Lebanon, Jordan and Oman), there are more Internet users per thousand people than
computers. However, in other countries, such as Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Syria, the number of Internet users is lower
than the number of computers.
In summary, there are major differences between computer use and Internet use in the Arab world, but the UAE clearly
leads the area in both number of computers and number of internet users per capita.
35. The graph below shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one European city
in 1960, 1980 and 2000. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below.
Model answer:
The graph shows the changing patterns in commuting by train, car, tube or bus for commuters in London in the years
1960, 1980 and 2000.
The number of people using trains at first rose from just under 20% in 1960 to about 26% in 1980, but then fell back to
about 23% in 2000.
Use of the tube has been relatively stable, falling from around 27% of commuters in 1960 to 22% in 1980, but climbing
back to reach 25% by 2000.
On the other hand, the use of cars increased steadily from just over 5% in 1960 to 23% in 1980, reaching almost 40% by
2000, whereas the popularity of buses has declined since 1960, falling from just under 35% in 1960 to 27% in 1980 and
only 15% in 2000.
The graph indicates the growing use of cars for commuting to work between 1960 and 2000, and the corresponding
decline in the popularity of buses from being the most popular mode of transport in 1960 to the least popular in 2000.
36. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below.
Model answer:
The graphs show health and education spending and changes in life expectancy and infant mortality in the UAE. Overall,
as the percentage spent on health and education increases, infant mortality and life expectancy improve.
Graph 1 shows the percentage of GDP spent on health and education between 1985 and 1993. There were big increases
in both areas. Health spending stood at about 8% in 1985 but rose to 9% in 1990 and 10% in 1993. Spending on
education was even higher. It was 10% in 1985, and shot up to 14% in 1990 and 15% in 1993, a 50% increase in just 8
years.
Graph 2 shows improvements in life expectancy and infant mortality between 1970 and 1992. Life expectancy was just 60
in 1970 but rose to almost 72 in 1992. In contrast, the number of babies dying dropped dramatically, from 60 per 1000 in
1970 to only 22 in 1992.
In conclusion, people in the UAE are living longer and healthier lives because of the government's spending on education
and medical facilities.
Model answer:
The graph shows weekly expenditure on fast food in Britain by food and income group. There are two main trends. First,
the expenditure is directly related to income. Secondly, there are differences in the types of fast food eaten by each
group.
The amount of money spent on fast food is related to income. People in the high-income group spent the most - over 85
pence per person per week. People in the low-income group spent the least - less than half of what the high-income
earners spent.
The type of fast food eaten also depends on the group. High-income earners spent 3 times more on hamburgers than
people in the low-income group. Pizza was generally the least favorite food. Fish and chips was the most popular food
with the low-income group but consumption was fairly similar among all groups.
Model answer:
The pie charts show changes in American spending patterns between 1966 and 1996.
Food and cars made up the two biggest items of expenditure in both years. Together they comprised over half of
household spending. Food accounted for 44% of spending in 1966, but this dropped by two thirds to 14% in 1996.
However, the outlay on cars doubled, rising from 23% in 1966 to 45% in 1996.
Other areas changed significantly. Spending on eating out doubled, climbing from 7% to 14%. The proportion of salary
spent on computers increased dramatically, up from 1% in 1996 to 10% in 1996. However, as computer expenditure rose,
the percentage of outlay on books plunged from 6% to 1%.
Some areas remained relatively unchanged. Americans spent approximately the same amount of salary on petrol and
furniture in both years.
In conclusion, increased amounts spent on cars, computers, and eating out were made up for by drops in expenditure on
food and books.
Model answer:
The graph shows changes in the amount of fast food consumed in the UK between 1970 and 1990. Several trends are
apparent. First, Britons are eating more and more fast food. Secondly, the type of fast food has changed.
In 1970, the most popular fast food was fish and chips. Over 300g were consumed each week. By 1990, however, this
had fallen to just over 200g - a 50% drop. Consumption of other fast foods such as pizza and hamburgers increased,
however. The amount of pizza eaten shot up from about 20g a week to more than 270g, overtaking fish and chips in the
late 1980s. Hamburger consumption also increased, rising from about 80g in 1970 to almost 300g in 1990.
Accompanying this change in the choice of foods was an increase in the amount of fast food consumed. In 1970, British
consumers ate about 450g a week of fast food. In 1990, on the other hand, this had more than doubled, to 1000g.
Model answer:
The chart shows striking changes in the fertility rate of women in six Gulf countries Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Oman,
Qatar, Kuwait and Bahrain between 1990 and 2000.
In the ten year period, there was a decline in the number of births per woman in all countries. The biggest declines were
in two countries which had low fertility rates at the start of the decade, Bahrain and the UAE.
Fertility rates vary greatly between the six countries. Oman and Saudi Arabia had the highest rates, with over seven births
per woman in 1990. This compared with around 4 births per woman in Bahrain and the UAE, and just 3.75 in Kuwait
By 2000, the rate had fallen below three births per woman in Kuwait, Bahrain and the UAE, with a drop of over 25% in a
decade in the UAE. However, in Saudi Arabia and Oman, the rates fell by just 20%, from 7.0 to 5.5.
In summary, there were major decreases in birth rates in all countries, but some countries in the region have double the
fertility rate of others.
41. The diagram below shows how a central heating system in a house works.
Model answer:
This diagram provides an overview of a domestic central heating system. It shows how the tank, boiler and pipes ensure
a constant flow of hot water to both the radiators and the taps.
The cold water enters the house and is stored in a water storage tank in the roof. From there flows down to the boiler,
located on the ground floor of the house.
The boiler, which is fuelled by gas or oil, heats up the water as it passes through it. The hot water is then pumped round
the house through a system of pipes and flows into the radiators, located in different rooms. The water circulates through
the radiators, which have small tubes inside them to help distribute the heat, and this warms each of the rooms. Some of
the water is directed to the taps to provide hot water for the house.
Once the water has been through the pipes and radiators, it is returned to the boiler to be re-heated and circulated round
the house again.
Introduction: First sentence. Overview: Second sentence.
Key features: Entry of cold water into boiler; circulation of hot water to radiators and taps; return of water to boiler.
Supporting information: direction of flow; types of boiler; location of radiators; radiator tubes
Paragraph breaks: The paragraph breaks mark stages in the process.
Linkers: and, from there, then, once, again Reference words: it, both, there, which, this
Topic vocabulary: enters, stored, roof, flows, ground floor, located, passes, pumped, system, circulates, heat, directed,
returned, re-heated
Less common vocabulary: ensure, fuelled by, heats up, distribute the heat, warms
Structures: An appropriate mix of active and passive structures and a range of sentence types are used.
42. The graph and table below give information about water use worldwide and water consumption in two
different countries.
Country
Population
Irrigated land
Water consumption per person
Brazil
176 million
26,500 km
359 m
Democratic
Republic
of Congo
5.2 million
100 km
8 m
Model answer:
The graph shows how the amount of water used worldwide changed between 1900 and 2000.
Throughout the century, the largest quantity of water was used for agricultural Purposes, and this increased dramatically
from about 500 km to around 3,000 km in the year 2000. Water used in the industrial and domestic sectors also
increased, but consumption was minimal until mid-century. From 1950 onwards, industrial use grew steadily to just over
1,000 km, while domestic use rose more slowly to only 300 km, both far below the levels of consumption by agriculture.
The table illustrates the differences in agriculture consumption in some areas of the world by contrasting the amount of
irrigated land in Brazil (26,500 km) with that in the D.R.C. (100 km). This means that a huge amount of water is used in
agriculture in Brazil, and this is reflected in the figures for water consumption per person: 359 m compared with only 8 m
in the Congo. With a population of 176 million, the figures for Brazil indicate how high agriculture water consumption can
be in some countries.
43. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.
Model answer:
In this analysis we will examine three pie charts. The first one is headed World Spending. The second is World
Population and the third is Consumption of Resources.
In the first chart we can see that people spend most of their income (24%) on food. In some countries this percentage
would obviously be much higher. Transport and then housing are the next major expenses at 18% and 12% respectively.
Only 6% of income is spent on clothing.
In the second chart entitled World Population, it is not surprising to find that 57% of people live in Asia. In fact China and
India are two of the most populated countries in the world and they are both situated on this continent. Europe and the
Americans account for nearly 30% of the total, whilst 10% of people live in Africa.
Finally, the third chart reveals that the USA and Europe consume a huge 60% of the worlds resource.
To sum up, the major expenditure is on food, the population figures are the highest for Asia and the major consumers are
the USA and Europe.
44. The table below gives information about Favorite Pastimes in different countries.
From 30 - 50 years old
TV
Sport
Reading Hobbies
Music
Beach
Sleep
Canada
60
22
15
40
France
30
20
England
30
21
20
Australia
65
30
15
45
30
Korea
22
21
60
45
China
15
25
60
50
USA
60
23
15
42
23
30
Japan
62
Model answer:
This table clearly presents and compares favorable pastimes in eight different countries. The pastimes, across the top of
the table, are analyzed in relation to each country.
As can be seen, about 60% of Canadians, Australians and Americans like watching television. On the other hand, this
figure is quite low for China where only 15% of people watch television. Predictably, Americans like music at 23%,
whereas only 2 to 5% of people in the other countries feel the same way. 20% of people in England enjoy sleeping as a
pastime whereas in Canada and the USA, for example, the figure is only 2%. Interestingly, the Chinese like hobbies the
most at 50%, as opposed to only 20% in France. It isnt surprising that the highest percentage of beach-lovers is in
Australia and the USA at 30%.
It seems that pastimes of people of different nationalities may be influenced by a number of factors such as the socioeconomic situation or the climate. These factors influence cultural differences between different nationalities and make
cross-cultural experiences more interesting.
45. The flowchart illustrates the production of colored plastic paper clips in a small factory.
Model answer:
There are four main stages in the production of plastic paper clips from this small factory. Two of these stages involve
actual preparation of the clips, while the other two consist of quality control before the clips are sent out from the factory to
the retailers to be sold to the public.
To begin with, molten plastic is poured into three different molds depending on the color required; the colors are red, blue
and yellow. Once these clips emerge from the molds a quality control machine checks them for strength. Unsatisfactory
clips are rejected. In the third stage in the process the clips are stored by hand into two groups, mixed and single colors.
When this stage is complete the groups are checked a second time to ensure that the color mixtures are divided correctly
into single colors and mixed color batches. Finally, the clips are packed and dispatched to the markets.
46. The graph below shows the differences in wheat exports over three different areas.
Model answer:
The three graphs of wheat exports each show a quite different pattern between 1985 and 1990. Exports from Australia
declined over the five-year period, while the Canadian market fluctuated considerably, and the European Community
showed an increase.
In 1985, Australia exported about 15 millions of tons of wheat and the following year the number increased by one million
tons to 16 million. After that, however, there was a gradual decline until 1989 and 1990 when it stabilized at about 11
million tons. Over the same period, the amount of Canadian exports varied greatly. It started at 19 million tons in 1985,
reached a peak in 1988 of 24 million, dropped dramatically in 1989 to 14 million tons and then climbed back to 19 million
in 1990. Seventeen million tons were exported from the European Community in 1985, but this decreased to 14 million
tons in 1986 and then rose to 15 million in 1987 and 1988 before increasing once more to 20 million in 1990.
47. The two graphs show the main sources of energy in the USA in the 1980s and the 1990s.
Model answer:
The two graphs show that oil was the major energy source in the USA in both 1980 and 1990 and that coal, natural gas
and hydroelectric power remained in much the same proportions. On the other hand, there was a dramatic rise in nuclear
power, which doubled its percentage over the ten years.
Oil supplied the largest percentage of energy, although the percentage decreased from 42% in 1980 to 33% in 1990. Coal
in 1990 was the second largest source of energy, increasing its proportion to 27% from 22% in the previous decade.
Natural gas, the second largest source in 1980 at 26%, decreased its share very slightly to provide 25% of Americas
energy ten years later. There was no change in the percentage supplied by hydroelectric power which remained at 5% of
the total energy used. Nuclear power the greatest change: in 1990 it was 10%, twice that of the 1980s.
48. The chart shows student expenditure over a three-year period in the United Kingdom.
Student expenditure (aged under 26 in higher education) United Kingdom*
Percentage of total expenditure

(1) Includes non-essential consumer items and credit repayments
* Source: Student Income and Expenditure Survey. Department for Education and Employment.
Study these three sentences and then write three similar sentences about other parts of the chart.
1) During the period 1996 to 1999, student spent 3% less on accommodation, which fell from 23% to 20% of total
expenditure.
2) There was a 3% decrease in spending on accommodation, which fell from 23% to 20%.
3) Spending on accommodation went down by 3% from 23% to 20%.
Using prepositions
Complete the following sample report by putting a preposition in each space.
The chart shows the changes which took place in student spending in the United Kingdom during/over the three-year
period from 1996 to 1999.
Students spent 3% less on accommodation, which fell from 23% to 20% of total expenditure, and there was a 2%
decrease in spending on food, bills and household goods, which fell from 20% to 18%. At the same time course
expenditure went down by 3% from 10% to 7%. Children, who constituted 1% of students' expenditure in 1996, are not
represented in 1999.
On the other hand, there was a 5% growth in spending on entertainment, which stood at 26% of total expenditure in 1996
but rose to 31% in 1999. Spending on other non-essential items and credit repayments grew by 4% to make up 16% of
total expenditure. Spending on essential travel went up by 3% while non-essential travel underwent a 1% fall.
Overall, with the exception of expenditure on travel, the most significant general change was a shift from/in spending on
essential items to spending on non-essential items.
49. The chart shows the division of household tasks by gender in Great Britain.
Source: Office for National Statistics on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
Study these three sentences and then write three similar sentences about other parts of the chart.
1) Women spend over twice as much time doing kitchen tasks as men.
2) Men spend 30 minutes a day doing kitchen tasks whereas / while women spend 74 minutes a day.
3) Women are more active in the kitchen than men (74 minutes a day for women as opposed to 30 minutes for men).
Sample Report
Look at the following sample answer to the writing task. Write a word in each space.
The chart shows the average number of minutes per day men and women in Great Britain spend on jobs around the
house.
In total, men spend just over two-and-a-half hours on household tasks whereas women spend slightly less than four
hours. Women spend more than twice as much time doing kitchen tasks such as cooking and washing up as men (74
minutes for women as opposed to 30 minutes for men. Women are also more active in cleaning the house- it takes 58
minutes of their day compared to / with 13 minutes for men - and childcare, where women put in more than twice as
much time as men.
On the other hand, men are more active in gardening and pet care, where they spend twice as long as women, and
maintenance and DIY, on which they spend 15 minutes more than women. Women account for almost all the time spent
on washing and ironing clothes. This takes them 25 minutes, while / whereas men spend just 2 minutes on this task.
Overall the figures show that women spend more time on routine domestic chores than men, while / whereas men do
more household maintenance, gardening and pet care.
50. The chart below shows the proportions of the worlds oil resources held in different areas, together with the
proportions consumed annually in the same areas.
Model answer:
The charts shows the oil resources held, together with the proportions consumed within the same area each year, in
different areas of the world.
It is obvious that the region holding the most oil resources is the Middle East, with 56.52%, over a half of total world oil
resources while in the United States and Asia, the level of oil consumed each year is for more away from the oil resources
they hold. The percentage of total world oil consumption of United States and Asia are 25.48% and 26.21% respectively.
They are the highest oil consumption region in the world.
Another place that is worth mentioned will be the Western Europe. With about twenty percent of total world oil
consumption, the Western Europe merely holds less than 1.5% of the oil resources in the World.
Regions that are not mentioned above have the close percentage between oil holding and consuming whereas Canada
has the highest level of oil holding than consuming, the respective figures are 14.84% and 2.48%.
Overall, the charts suggest that Middle East is the only majority at oil resources held, while Asia, United States and
western have the highest level at oil resources imported.
51. The chart below shows the number of men and women in further education in Britain in three periods and
whether they were studying fulltime or part-time.
Model answer 1:
The bar chart illustrates how many males and females have studied in full-time and part-time education in the following
years: 1970 to 1971, 1980 to 1981 and 1990 to 1991.
It is clear that in all three time periods more people of both sexes were involved in part-time education than fulltime.
Overall the number of men in fulltime education rose from approximately 100 thousand to 200 thousand, whereas the
number of men in part-time education was lower in the early nineties than twenty years earlier.
As far as women are concerned, the numbers increased in both sectors of education. The number of part-time female
students increased dramatically from 700 thousand to 1.2 million in the twenty year period. The amount of women in
fulltime education went up more gradually from 100 thousand in 1971 to just over 200 thousand in 1991. This was similar
the increase for fulltime male students.
To sum up, the number of women in both sectors increased significantly while it seems that the rate of men entering parttime education decreased a little and was fluctuating.
(179 words)
Model answer 2:
This is a bar chart of the number of men and women in further education in Britain in three periods. In 1970, Most of Men
were studying part-time but from 1980, studying part-time as decreased and studying full-time was increased and in 1990,
it was twice as many students as in 1970. On the other hand, Women studying Full-time were increased and not only Fulltime, part-time also were increased. In 1990, studying full-time was three times as many students as in 1970. If compare
Men and Women, as you see, in 1970, Men were studying more than women full-time or part-time but it changed from
1980 and then, in 1990, Women were studying part-time more than Men and studying full-time was same number.
It shows you women has a high education now.
(132 words)
EXAMINERS EXPLANATION
Band 5
The length of the answer is just acceptable. There is a good attempt to describe the overall trends but the content would
have been greatly improved if the candidate had included some reference to the figures given on the graph. Without
these, the reader is lacking some important information. The answer is quite difficult to follow and there are some
punctuation errors that cause confusion. The structures are fairly simple and efforts to produce more complex sentences
are not successful.
Model answer 3:
According to this graph, the number of men and women in farther education in Britain shows that following pattern.
In the case of male, the number of male has declined slightly from about 100 thousands in 1970/71 to about 850
thousands in 1990/91. However, this figure rose back to about 850 thousands in 1990/91 from about 820 thousands in
1980/81. The proportion of full-time education has declined during this period. However, the proportion of part-time
education has increased dramatically.
On the other hand, in the case of female, the number of both full-time education and part-time education has increased
during the period.
From about 700 thousands in 1970/71, these figures rose to about 820 thousands in 1980/81, to about 1100 thousands in
1990/91.
In terms of full-time education, this figure rose by about 260 to about 900 in 1990/91.
On the other hand, with respect to part-time education, this figure rose dramatically between 1980/81 and 1970/71.
However this figure rose slightly between 1980/81 and 1990/91.
(165 words)
Band 6
The candidate has made a good attempt to describe the graphs looking at global trends and more detailed figures. There
is, however, some information missing and the information is inaccurate in minor areas. The answer flows quite smoothly
although connectives are overused or inappropriate, and some of the points do not link up well. The grammatical
accuracy is quite good and the language used to describe the trends is well-handled. However, there are problems with
expression and the appropriate choice of words and whilst there is good structural control, the complexity and variation in
the sentences are limited.
Model answer 2:
The blue graph shows the television audiences throughout the day. It shows that the percentage of audiences is three
percent in early morning but it gradually rises unto ten percent at 8:00 am and maintains the same for the next two hours.
There is a slight fall in percentage in next two hours however after that it raises sharp unto twenty percent within the next
two hours. After this the graph rises very fast and attains its peak at 10 pm which is about forty five percent. The graph
gradually falls down and at 2:00 am it is at five percent. The red graph shows the percentage for radio audiences. Unlike
the television one the peak percentage of the radio audiences is at 8:00 am which is about 30 percent. Then it gradually
falls and it corresponds with the television one at two pm. After that it gradually falls but with a small increase in
percentage at 4:30 to 6:00 pm. The percentage of audience then gradually goes down and at four AM it is the lowest
which is near 2 percent. These graphs prove the progressive popularity of television.
(191 words)
Band 7
The answer deals well with both the individual media trends and the overall comparison of these trends. The opening
could be more fully developed with the inclusion of information relating to the groups studied and the period of time during
which the study took place. There is a good variety of cohesive devices and the message can be followed quite easily
although the expression is sometimes a little clumsy. Structures are complex and vocabulary is varied but there are errors
in word forms, tense and voice though these do not impede communication.
52. The chart below shows the proportions of the worlds oil resources held in different areas, together with the
proportions consumed annually in the same areas.
Model answer:
The charts shows the oil resources held, together with the proportions consumed within the same area each year, in
different areas of the world.
It is obvious that the region holding the most oil resources is the Middle East, with 56.52%, over a half of total world oil
resources while in the United States and Asia, the level of oil consumed each year is for more away from the oil resources
they hold. The percentage of total world oil consumption of United States and Asia are 25.48% and 26.21% respectively.
They are the highest oil consumption region in the world.
Another place that is worth mentioned will be the Western Europe. With about twenty percent of total world oil
consumption, the Western Europe merely holds less than 1.5% of the oil resources in the World.
Regions that are not mentioned above have the close percentage between oil holding and consuming whereas Canada
has the highest level of oil holding than consuming, the respective figures are 14.84% and 2.48%.
Overall, the charts suggest that Middle East is the only majority at oil resources held, while Asia, United States and
western have the highest level at oil resources imported.
53. The chart below shows the number of men and women in further education in Britain in three periods and
whether they were studying fulltime or part-time.
Model answer 1:
The bar chart illustrates how many males and females have studied in full-time and part-time education in the following
years: 1970 to 1971, 1980 to 1981 and 1990 to 1991.
It is clear that in all three time periods more people of both sexes were involved in part-time education than fulltime.
Overall the number of men in fulltime education rose from approximately 100 thousand to 200 thousand, whereas the
number of men in part-time education was lower in the early nineties than twenty years earlier.
As far as women are concerned, the numbers increased in both sectors of education. The number of part-time female
students increased dramatically from 700 thousand to 1.2 million in the twenty year period. The amount of women in
fulltime education went up more gradually from 100 thousand in 1971 to just over 200 thousand in 1991. This was similar
the increase for fulltime male students.
To sum up, the number of women in both sectors increased significantly while it seems that the rate of men entering parttime education decreased a little and was fluctuating.
(179 words)
Model answer 2:
This is a bar chart of the number of men and women in further education in Britain in three periods. In 1970, Most of Men
were studying part-time but from 1980, studying part-time as decreased and studying full-time was increased and in 1990,
it was twice as many students as in 1970. On the other hand, Women studying Full-time were increased and not only Fulltime, part-time also were increased. In 1990, studying full-time was three times as many students as in 1970. If compare
Men and Women, as you see, in 1970, Men were studying more than women full-time or part-time but it changed from
1980 and then, in 1990, Women were studying part-time more than Men and studying full-time was same number.
It shows you women has a high education now.
(132 words)
Band 5
The length of the answer is just acceptable. There is a good attempt to describe the overall trends but the content would
have been greatly improved if the candidate had included some reference to the figures given on the graph. Without
these, the reader is lacking some important information. The answer is quite difficult to follow and there are some
punctuation errors that cause confusion. The structures are fairly simple and efforts to produce more complex sentences
are not successful.
Model answer 3:
According to this graph, the number of men and women in farther education in Britain shows that following pattern.
In the case of male, the number of male has declined slightly from about 100 thousands in 1970/71 to about 850
thousands in 1990/91. However, this figure rose back to about 850 thousands in 1990/91 from about 820 thousands in
1980/81. The proportion of full-time education has declined during this period. However, the proportion of part-time
education has increased dramatically.
On the other hand, in the case of female, the number of both full-time education and part-time education has increased
during the period.
From about 700 thousands in 1970/71, these figures rose to about 820 thousands in 1980/81, to about 1100 thousands in
1990/91.
In terms of full-time education, this figure rose by about 260 to about 900 in 1990/91.
On the other hand, with respect to part-time education, this figure rose dramatically between 1980/81 and 1970/71.
However this figure rose slightly between 1980/81 and 1990/91.
(165 words)
Band 6
The candidate has made a good attempt to describe the graphs looking at global trends and more detailed figures. There
is, however, some information missing and the information is inaccurate in minor areas. The answer flows quite smoothly
although connectives are overused or inappropriate, and some of the points do not link up well. The grammatical
accuracy is quite good and the language used to describe the trends is well-handled. However, there are problems with
expression and the appropriate choice of words and whilst there is good structural control, the complexity and variation in
the sentences are limited.
54. The graph below shows radio and television audiences throughout the day in 1992.
Model answer 1:
The graph shows the percentage of audiences over 4 yes old of UK follows the radio and television throughout the day
during the period October-December 1992. It has been observed from the graph that less than 10% audiences follows the
radio at 6:00 am and the percentage raised to a pick around 30% at 8AM and decline gradually to around 10% during the
period 200 to 400 Pm and again raised a bi t to around 12% between 400 to 600 PM. It then again dropped to below
10% at around 10PM. The rate again raised to a bit between 1000 PM to 1200 PM and then dropped slowly by 400 AM.
On the other hand, the rate of television audiences raises 0-10% during the period 600 to 800 am and remain steady up
to 1 0AM and then gradually goes down by 1200 noon. The percentage raised dramatically to around 15% by 200 noon.
The percentage raised dramatically goes down by 1200 noon. The percentage raised dramatically to around 15% by 200
PM which again raised to a pick above 40% between 600-800 PM and then gradually dropped between the period 1200
PM to 400 AM.
(197 words)
Band 6
The answer has an appropriate introduction which the candidate has attempted to express in his/her own words. There is
good coverage of the data and a brief reference to contrasting trends. The answer can be followed although it is rather
repetitive and cohesive devices are overused. In order to gain a higher mark for content, the candidate would be expected
to select the salient features of the graph and comment primarily on these. Sentences are long but lack complexity. There
are some errors in tense, verb form and spelling which interfere slightly with the flow of the answer.
Model answer 2:
The blue graph shows the television audiences throughout the day. It shows that the percentage of audiences is three
percent in early morning but it gradually rises unto ten percent at 8:00 am and maintains the same for the next two hours.
There is a slight fall in percentage in next two hours however after that it raises sharp unto twenty percent within the next
two hours. After this the graph rises very fast and attains its peak at 10 pm which is about forty five percent. The graph
gradually falls down and at 2:00 am it is at five percent. The red graph shows the percentage for radio audiences. Unlike
the television one the peak percentage of the radio audiences is at 8:00 am which is about 30 percent. Then it gradually
falls and it corresponds with the television one at two pm. After that it gradually falls but with a small increase in
percentage at 4:30 to 6:00 pm. The percentage of audience then gradually goes down and at four AM it is the lowest
which is near 2 percent. These graphs prove the progressive popularity of television.
(191 words)
Band 7
The answer deals well with both the individual media trends and the overall comparison of these trends. The opening
could be more fully developed with the inclusion of information relating to the groups studied and the period of time during
which the study took place. There is a good variety of cohesive devices and the message can be followed quite easily
although the expression is sometimes a little clumsy. Structures are complex and vocabulary is varied but there are errors
in word forms, tense and voice though these do not impede communication.
55. The tables below give information about the amount of beer and fruit juice consumed per person per year in
different countries.
Beer
Fruit juice
Country
Amount*
Country
Amount*
1 Ireland
155 litres
1 Canada
52.6 litres
2 Germany
119 litres
2 United States
42.8 litres
3 Austria
106 litres
3 Germany
38.6 litres
4 Belgium
98 litres
4 Austria
37.3 litres
5 Denmark
98 litres
5 Sweden
35.5 litres
6 United Kingdom
97 litres
6 Australia
34.4 litres
7 Australia
89 litres
7 Finland
33 litres
8 United States
85 litres
8 United Kingdom
29.3 litres
9 Netherlands
80 litres
9 Netherlands
28.1 litres
10 Finland
79 litres
10 New Zealand
24.8 litres
*Litres per person per year

Model answer:
The tables show the amount of beer and fruit juice consumed per person per year in countries around the world. Beer is
most popular in Ireland, with the average Irish drinking 155 litres per year. Germany ranks second with 119 litres per
person. In fact, the top six countries in terms of consumption of beer are all European. Australia and The United States
come next in seventh and eighth positions, with Netherland and Finland consuming the least beer of the countries
mentioned. Finnish people only drink an average of 79 litres of beer a year.
The country which consumes by the greatest quantity of fruit juice per capita is Canada. Canadians drink an average of
52.6 litres each a year, thats almost double the consumption of New Zealand, which is placed at the bottom of the table.
Another North American country, The United States, come second in the table, while German drinkers are ranked at
number three, consuming an average of 38.6 litres annually. Swedes drink approximately the same quantity of fruit juice
as Australians, which is 35.5 litres per year. The Finnish and the British drink 33 and 29.3 litres per year respectively.
56. The graph below shows the unemployment rates in the US and Japan between March 1993and March 1999.
Model answer:
According to the results of the labor-force research published recently, the following conclusions can be drawn from it:
In March, 1993, United States had seven percent of their workforce which might not seem disastrous until compared with
Japan, where 2.5% were unemployed. However, the unemployment rate in United States began declining slowly since
March 1993, and reached 5% mark in the middle of 1996. Japan turned out to be less lucky, as their unemployment rate
doubled in three years. From then on, the percentage of unemployed workforce in United States remained roughly the
same about 5% until March 99, although there were minor falls and rises in the unemployment rate.
As for Japan, the percentage of unemployed fell rapidly by 0.50.6% after March 1996, but from summer 1996 and
onwards it grew steadily and without any falls to reach 5.0% boundary in March 1999.
The major conclusion that Ive drawn using the graph, is that number of unemployed in USA decreased by about 2.0% in
the course of six years, while in Japan it actually increased by 2.5% percent. As a result, in March 99, both Japan and US
had about 5% of their work force unemployed.
(198 words)
Band 7
This is a good account of the information presented in the graph, although occasionally the organisation of the data is
slightly unusual. The writer grasps all the key points, however, and supports these with figures, before providing a
summary of the main points. Sentence structures are more than adequate, although the writer has some problems with
the use of tenses and prepositions. There are minor examples of unsuitable register (e.g. turned out, disastrous, and
one contracted verb form), but as there are only a few instances of this, the candidate has not been penalised.
57. The chart below shows the number of girls per 100 boys enrolled in different levels of school education.
Model answer:
The chart shows the number of female students per 100 male students in primary, secondary and tertiary education.
On Average, more boys than girls were enrolled in school both in 1990 and 1998 in all the countries, except in tertiary
education in developed countries. The number of girls per 100 boys was bigger in 1998 than in 1990 in the two country
groups and in all the educational stages.
Turning to the detail, there were more boys than girls in primary and secondary education. As can be seen, developing
countries saw a bigger discrepancy between the numbers of male and female students than developed countries, with the
number of girls per 100 boys at 83 in 1990 and 87 in 1998 in primary education.
However, in developed countries, the balance of the two was much closer to the ideal, particularly in secondary
education, with 98 girls per 100 boys in 1990 and 99 in 1998.
Regarding tertiary education, the balance was even worse than in any other levels of education in developing countries
with 66 girls enrolled for every 100 boys in 1990 and 75 in 1998. On the other hand, in developing countries, the number
of girls overtook that of boys at 105 per 100 boys in 1990 and 112 in 1998.
(213 words)
This answer would probably exceed Band 7
58. The graph below shows the demand for electricity in England during typical days in winter and summer. The
pie chart shows how electricity is used in an average English home.
Model answer:
The Demand for electricity in England during typical days in winter and summer is illustrated in the graph. The use of
electricity in an average English home is shown in the pie chart. From the graph it is generally obvious that the demand is
in its maximum around 2100 in winter times and in its minimum around 400 being almost constant between 1200 and
2100 in winter times. During summer times on the other hand the demand reaches its top point around 1300 and the
bottom point around 900 being almost constant between 1550 and 2000.
In wither times the curve gradually increases to reach 40000 units of electricity by 3 oclock in the morning. This is
followed by gradual decline to its lowest limit of 30000 units at 9 oclock. A gradual rise is obvious again to reach a
stationary level between 3 oclock and 9 oclock of about 40000 units again. Then there is a sharp rise in the next hour to
reach its maximum before collapsing again to a lower level by the end of the day.
In summer time the curve gradually decrease to reach its lower limit around 9 oclock of a bit more that 10000 units. A
gradual increase is noticed to reach its top of 20000 after which a stationary phase is obvious between 3 oclock and 10
oclock at night of about 15000 units.
The pie chart on the other hand shows that 52.5% of the electricity is used for heating rooms and water. 17.5% is
consumed for ovens kettles and washing machines 15% is used in lighting TV and radio and finally 15% is consumed in
the sue of vacuum cleaners food mixtures and electric tools.
59. The charts A and B show the share of the UK and Australian cinema market in 2001 and cinema admission in
the UK and Australia from 1976 to 2006.
Sources: Admission data: BFI, Motion Picture Distributors Association of Australia (MPDAA).
Read this sample report and fill each space by choosing one of the words in the box.
accounted
compared
dropped
stood
fell
increased
opposed
predominated
recovered
Chart (A) shows the cinema industrys share of the Australian and UK cinema market by origin in 2001. In both countries,
films made in the United States predominated with 77% of the market in the UK compared to 67% in Australia. UK films
accounted for 21% of the UK cinema market and 6% of the Australian market. On the other hand, while 11% of the films
shown in Australia were Australian, no Australian films were shown in the UK. Films from other countries had 16% of the
market share in Australia as opposed/compared to just 2% in the UK.
Chart (B) shows cinema admissions in the UK and Australia since 1976. In both countries cinema admissions
dropped/fell in the early 1980s. In Australia admissions fell/dropped from just under 40 million in 1980 to about 30
million in 19846 while in the UK the decrease was far more dramatic (from 100 million in 1980 to less than 60 million in
1984). Since then, however, the industry has recovered in both countries. In 2001, cinema admissions in the UK stood
at over 150 million, whereas in Australia they reached 90 million.
Overall, the charts show that the cinema has increased in popularity in both countries over the last 15 years, but that the
origins of the films projected in Australia are more diverse than in the UK.
60. The chart below shows information about the challenges people face when they go to live in other countries.
Model answer:
The chart shows the challenges people face when they settle in a new country and how the challenges vary according to
peoples ages.
The most challenging aspect for young people aged 18 to 34 is making new friends, a problem experienced by 46% of the
people in this age group. However, only 36% of 35 - 54 year olds find it hard to make friends, while even fewer people
over 55 (23%) have this problem.
54% of the older age group finds learning the local language the biggest obstacle when settling. In comparison, the
youngest age group finds this easier, and the percentage of people who have problems learning the language is much
lower, at only 29%.
In contrast to their language-learning difficulties, only 22% of people in the oldest age group have trouble finding
accommodation. However, this is the second most significant problem for the other two age groups with 39% to 40% of
the people in each group finding it hard.
In general, all age groups experience the same problems to some extent, but people over the age of 55 reported that they
face markedly fewer challenges settling in a new country than their younger respondents.
61. The flowchart below shows the process involved in completing the work experience requirement for
university students.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Fulfilling the Work Experience Requirement
Credits will be awarded when the final report is submitted.
Application
Choose potential workplaces from approved list and arrange
interviews. Submit applications to places of interest.
Approval
When acceptance letter is received, submit it to professor for
approval.
Schedule
Arrange schedule to work a minimum of 10 hours/ week over 20
weeks.
Reports
Complete weekly Report Form and submit to professor every
Friday.
Evaluation
During final workweek, participate in evaluation meeting with
work supervisor. Supervisor submits Evaluation Form.
Final Report
Submit Final Report before last week of spring term.
Model answer:
Gaining work experience prior to graduation helps university students to succeed in getting their first job. For this reason,
some universities insist that all students must complete a Work Experience Requirement. Completing the following six
stages results in the requirements fulfillment.
The process begins with the Application stage. A student reviews an approved list of workplaces and submits applications
to places where he would like to work. Next is the Approval stage. When a student receives an acceptance letter, he
gives it to the professor for approval. The third stage, Schedule, requires a student to arrange his work schedule. The
student should work at least 10 hours/week over 20 weeks. Reports are next. The student must complete a Weekly
Report Form and turn it in to the professor every Friday.
The fifth stage, Evaluation, takes place during the final work week. A student participates in an evaluation meeting with
his work supervisor, who submits an Evaluation Form. The last stage requires that a student submit a Final Report before
the last week of spring semester.
By following these stages and subsequently submitting the final report, the student receives credit from the university.
62. The table below shows CO2 emissions for different forms of transport in the European Union.
The Pie Chart shows the percentage of European Union funds being spent on different forms of transport.
Model answer:
The chart shows CO2 emissions per passenger kilometer for various methods of transport in the European Union while
the pie chart shows European Union spending on transport. Flying by air produces by far the greatest CO2 emissions,
approximately three times as much as passenger cars which are the next largest producers. Very little is spent by the EU
on air travel while roads make up more than half of the EU transport budget.
Trains produce about three times less CO2 emissions per passenger kilometre than passenger cars and eight times less
than air travel. Nearly a third of EU transport funds are spent on railways.
Ships are a clean form of transport and produce about the same amount of CO2 per passenger kilometre as trains do.
However, only 2 percent of EU funds are spent on ports. A further one percent is spent on inland waterways.
Coaches are the cleanest form of transport. Emissions of CO2 per passenger kilometre from coaches are half those of
buses. Buses emit less than half as much CO2 per passenger kilometre as cars. The European Union spends 10 percent
of its transport budget on public transport, such as buses and coaches.
63. The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket (S) is planned for the town. The map shows
two possible sites for the supermarket. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features,
and make comparisons where relevant.
You should write at least 150 words.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Model answer:
The first potential location (S1) is outside the town itself, and is sited just off the main road to the town of Hindon, lying 12
kms to the north-west. This site is in the countryside and so would be able to accommodate a lot of car parking. This
would make it accessable to shoppers from both Hindon and Garlsdon who could travel by car. As it is also close to the
railway line linking the who towns to Cransdon (25 km to the south-east), a potentially large number of shoppers would
also be able to travel by train.
In contrast, the suggested location, S2, is right in the town centre, which would be good for local residents. Theatrically
the store could be accessed by road or rail from the surrounding towns, including Bransdon, but as the central area is a
no-traffic zone, cars would be unable to park and access would be difficult.
Overall, neither site is appropriate for all the towns, but for customers in Cransdon, Hindon and Garlsdon, the out-of-town
site (S1) would probably offer more advantages.
64. The charts below show the percentage of their food budget the average family spent on restaurant meals in different years. The
graph shows the number of meals eaten in fast food restaurants and sit-down restaurants.
umber of meals eaten in fast food restaurants and sit-down restaurants.
Model answer:
Over the past 30 years, the average family has dramatically increased the number of meals that they eat at restaurants.
The percentage of the family's food budget spent on restaurant meals steadily climbed. Just 10 percent of the food budget
was spent on restaurant meals in 1970, and 15 percent in 1980. That percentage more than doubled in 1990, to 35
percent, and rose again in 2000 to 50 percent.
Where families eat their restaurant meals also changed during that 30-year period. In 1970, families ate the same number
of meals at fast food and sit-down restaurants. In 1980, families ate slightly more frequently at sit-down restaurants.
However, since 1990, fast food restaurants serve more meals to the families than do the sit-down restaurants. Most of the
restaurant meals from 2000 were eaten at fast food restaurants. If this pattern continues, eventually the number of meals
that families eat at fast food restaurants could double the number of meals they eat at sit-down restaurants.
65. The take below gives information about the underground railway systems in six cities.
Underground Railways Systems
Date opened
Kilometres of
route
Passengers per year

(in millions)
London
1863
394
775
Paris
1900
199
1191
City
Tokyo
1927
155
1927
Washington DC
1976
126
144
Kyoto
1981
11
45
Los Angeles
2001
28
50
Model answer:
The table shows the details regarding the underground railway systems in six cities.
London has the oldest underground railway systems among the six cities. It was opened in the year 1863, and it is
already lye years old. Paris is the second oldest, in which it was opened in the year 1900. This was then followed by the
opening of the railway systems in Tokyo, Washington DC and Kyoto. Los Angeles has the newest underground railway
system, and was only opened in the year 2001. In terms of the size of the railway systems, London, For certain, has the
largest underground railway systems. It has 394 kilometres of route in total, which is nearly twice as large as the system
in Paris. Kyoto, in contrast, has the smallest system. It only has 11 kilometres of route, which is more than 30 times less
than that of London.
Interestingly, Tokyo, which only has 155 kilometres of route, serves the greatest number of passengers per year, at 1927
million passengers. The system in Paris has the second greatest number of passengers, at 1191 million passengers per
year. The smallest underground railway system, Kyoto, serves the smallest number of passengers per year as predicted.
In conclusion, the underground railway systems in different cities vary a lot in the site of the system, the number of
passengers served per year and in the age of the system.
(233 words)
This answer selects and describes the information well. Key features are clearly identified, while unexpected differences
are highlighted and illustrated. The answer is relevant and accurate with a clear overview.
Information is well-organised using a good range of signals and link words. These are generally accurate and appropriate,
although occasional errors occur.
The writer successfully uses some less common words. There is a clear awareness of style but there are occasional
inaccuracies and there is some repetition. Grammar is well-controlled and sentences are varied and generally accurate
with only minor errors.
66. The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999.
Family type
Proportion of people from each

household type living in poverty
single aged person
6% (54,000)
aged couple
4% (48,000)
single, no children
19% (359,000)
couple, no children
7% (211,000)
sole parent
21% (232,000)
couple with children
12% (933,000)
all households
11% (1,837,000)
Model answer:
The table gives a breakdown of the different type of family who were living in poverty in Australia in 1999.
On average, 11% of all households, comprising almost two million people, were in this position. However, those
consisting of only one parent or a single adult had almost doubt this proportion of poor people, with 21% and 19%
respectively.
Couples generally tended to be better off, with lower poverty levels for couples without children (7%) than those with
children (12%). It is noticeable that for both types of household with children, a higher than average proportion were living
in poverty at this time.
Older people were generally less likely to be poor, though once again the trend favored elderly couples (only 4%) rather
than single elderly people (6%).
Overall the table suggests that households of single adults and those with children were more likely to be living in poverty
than those consisting of couples.
67. The graph below compares the number of visits to two new music sites on the web.
Model answer 1:
The graph shows the number of hits to two new music sites on the web, measured in thousands over a period of fifteen
days. As far as Music Choice is concerned, the number of visits to the Site fluctuated between 20,000 and 40,000 in the
first eleven days, except for Day 3 when they reached 60,000. By contrast, visits to the Pop Parade Site fell erratically
from approximately 120,000 hits on Day 1 to around 40,000 on Day 7.
Between days 11 and 15 visits to Music Choice fluctuated dramatically, hitting a peak of over 120,000 on Day 14. Despite
a drop to less than 40,000 hits, Pop Parade Saw a huge increase in the number of hits between Days 9 and 11, reaching
a total of over 150,000 hits on Day 11. At the end of the fifteen-day period the number of hits to Pop Parade peaked at
around 17000, whereas those for Music Choice showed a marked decline to around 70,000.
(163 words)
Model answer 2:
The graph shows people using new music places on the Internet in fifteen days period of time namely personal choice
and trendy pop music.
The overall trend shows fluctuation with slight Increased towards the end of the period.
Starting with Music Choice websites; 40,000 people went on this new site on first-day. Half of them backed out the next
day. In Contrast to this Pop Parade net sites were visited by 120,000 music lovers on day one which decreased slightly
on the next day thereafter regaining the same fame on 3rd day.
After 3rd day the enthusiasm for both music lines on Internet dropped slowly- reaching maximum fall of 40,000 on 7th
day. Whereas Music choice gained popularity, slightly improving to get the original strength of 30,000 viewers on screen,
but was getting still less visitors than their opponent Pop group i.e. 40,000 on day 7.
In the beginning of the next week both gained remarkable recovery after a few fluctuations for 8th and 9th day having
40,000 and 50,000 visitors respectively, reaching to their peaks of one and a half thousand new viewers for Pop Parade
on 11th day showing a contrast of very few people visiting Music choice for the same day. Thereafter Music choice gained
popularity on 12th day for having more than 120,000 new visitors on web.
In the end of the period Pop sites were visited by maximum viewers of 180,000 whereas sites located to Music choice
were not explored by more than 80,000 explorers on the last day of the report.
(257 words)
Well organized with some good linking devices and collocations (gain popularity, remarkable recovery, decrease slightly)
and some valid comparison of the music sites. However, some sentences are long and confusing (paragraph 5), some
collocations are inaccurate (slight increased, reaching to their peaks) and there is some repetition (7th day, 3rd day, 11 th
day). Some words are spelt incorrectly (people, improving, visitors, and beginning).
68. The bar chart below shows the results of a survey conducted by a personnel department at a major company.
The survey was carried out on two groups of workers: those aged from 18-30 and those aged 45-60, and shows
factors affecting their work performance.
Model answer:
The bar chart indicates a survey on two different age groups on the factors contributing to make their environment
pleasant for working.
These factors are divided into external and internal factors. The internal factors are team spirit, competent boss, respect
from colleagues and job satisfaction. The external factors are chance for personal development, job security, promotional
prospects and money.
On the internal factors above 50% in both age groups agreed that team spirit, competent boss and job satisfaction are
essential to make their environment pleasant. Whereas on the external factors, there are contrasting results. On the
chance for personal development and promotional aspects, 80% to 90% of the younger groups were in favor while only
less than 50% of the older group thought so. A similar pattern is also noted on job security. With regards to money, 69%
to 70% on both age group said it is essential.
In conclusion, the internal factors have similar responses from the two age groups while they had dissimilar responses on
the external factors.
(170 words)
The information contained in the bar chart has been described accurately and concisely and follows a clear progression.
There is a clear introduction followed by effective comparisons between the age groups and a valid conclusion. Good
formulaic phrases (the bar chart indicates, these factors are divided), although the candidate uses the same language to
describe the factors in the bar chart and does not attempt to rephrase them in any way.
69. The diagram below gives the information about the Hawaiian island chain in the center of the Pacific Ocean.
Model answer:
The Hawaiian island chain, in the center of the Pacific Ocean, is approximately 2,700 km in length. It is formed of
volcanoes and the active ones are at the south-east tip of the archipelago, where Hawaii itself is located.
It is believed that the chain began to form nearly 80 million years ago. Each island started to evolve after an eruption on
the sea floor. First, a `hot spot' existed on the ocean bed, which let out a plume of material called magma. This magma
may originate as deep as 2,883km below the ocean bed. Next, further eruptions took place, which built up the volcano.
Eventually, it emerged above the surface of the ocean.
Since that time, the spume of magma has remained static as the Pacific tectonic plate moves in a north-west direction
across it at a speed of 7-9cm per year. As it moves, a volcano forms as it passes over the hotspot and then become
inactive when it has passed it.
70. The diagrams below give information about the Eiffel Tower in Paris and an outline project to extend it
underground.
.
Model answer:
The Eiffel Tower is situated close to the Seine River in Paris. It is a metal structure that is 1,063 feet high and weighs
7,417 tons. The tower has been a tourist attraction since 1889, when it was built, and there are 1,665 steps that can be
climbed in order to reach the two viewing platforms.
There are now plans to build below the foundations of the tower. These plans include the development of five
underground levels that will incorporate the tower's ticket office, shopping facilities, a cinema and museum and two floors
of underground parking.
Although details have yet to be finalized, the principle is that the five floors will be connected by two vertical passenger
lifts on either side of the tower. In addition, the floor immediately below the tower, which is planned to house the ticket
office, will also consist of a large atrium with a glass ceiling so that visitors can look directly up at the tower itself.
71. The table below provide information on rental charges and salaries in three areas of London.
Weekly rents per property (/w)
Area
Salaries needed (/year)
1 bed
2 bed
3 bed
1 bed
2 bed
3 bed
Notting Hill
375
485
738
98,500
127,500
194,000
Regent's Park
325
450
650
85,500
118,000
170,500
Fulham
215
390
600
56,500
102,500
157,500
Model answer:
The table shows two sets of related information: the relative cost, in pounds, of renting a property with one, two or three
bedrooms in three different suburbs of London and an indication of the kind of annual salary you would need to be
earning to rent in these areas.
Of the three areas mentioned, Notting Hill is the most expensive with weekly rents starting at 375 (salary approximately f
100,000) and rising to 738 per week for a 3-bedroom property. To afford this, you would require a salary in the region of
200,000 per annum. Alternatively, Fulham is the cheapest area shown with rents ranging from 215 per week for a one
bedroom property to 600 per week for a 3-bedroom property. To rent in this area, salaries need to be somewhere
between 85,000 and 170,000 depending on the number of bedrooms required. For those able to pay in the middle price
range for accommodation, Regent's Park might be a more suitable district.
72. The graph below gives information about the preferred leisure activities of Australian children.
Model answer:
The graph shows the preferred leisure activities of Australian children aged 5-14. As might be expected, it is clear from
the data that sedentary pursuits are far more popular nowadays than active ones.
Of the 10,000 children that were interviewed, all the boys and girls stated that they enjoyed watching TV or videos in their
spare time. In addition, the second most popular activity, attracting 80% of boys and 60% of girls, was playing electronic
or computer games. While girls rated activities such as art and craft highly just under 60% stated that they enjoyed
these in their spare time only 35% of boys opted for creative pastimes. Bike riding, on the other hand, was almost as
popular as electronic games amongst boys and, perhaps surprisingly, almost 60% of girls said that they enjoyed this too.
Skateboarding was relatively less popular amongst both boys and girls, although it still attracted 35% of boys and 25% of
girls.
(157 words)
73.
The chart shows the average daily viewing figures for Channel One News over a 12-month period. The figure for the 1pm
News remained fairly stable, hovering at around 1.3 million throughout the year. The figure for the 6pm News began the
year at 4.8 million. It fluctuated, but the general trend was downwards, and it ended the year at 3.4 million.
The figure for the 9:30 News gradually increased from 3.2 million viewers per day in January to a peak of 3.8 million in
May. However, this month saw the introduction of the 11pm News, and the figure for the 9:30 News plummeted, hitting a
low-point of 1.1 million in August. In the same period, the figure for the 11pm news rocketed from 0.2 million to 4.1
million. At this point, the trend reversed. From August onwards, the figure for the 9:30 news grew steadily, reaching 3
million by the end of the year. Meanwhile, the figure for the 11pm News declined sharply, and in December fell below the
1 million mark.
74. The chart below shows male and female fitness membership between 1970 and 2000.
Model answer:
The chart shows male and female fitness membership over a thirty-year period. The vertical axis represents the number
of members. The horizontal axis represents the period from 1970 to 2000.
Overall, the chart indicates that there were greater fluctuations in fitness membership among men than among women.
The number of male members started the period at just over two thousand and reached highs of four thousand in 1975
and five thousand around 1995. The lowest rates were in 1985 and more recently in 2000 when the rate dipped as low as
one thousand.
Female fitness membership began lower at one thousand, doubled by 1975, and then fluctuated between two and three
thousand for the remainder of the period. When male rates were at their lowest, female rates were higher. This was
particularly true in 1985 when over three thousand women held fitness membership.
In brief, there were marked differences in rates of male and female fitness memberships in the period covered.
75. The chart below shows the percentage of total US population aged 65 and over between 1900 and 2000.
Model answer:
The chart shows the percentage of total population aged 65 and over in the U.S. between 1900 and 2000. In the year
1900 just over 4% of the population was aged over 65. However, by 1960 this figure had doubled.
The number of people aged between 75 and 84 remained fairly steady between 1900 and 1930, making up only 1-1.3%
of the population. The figure began to rise more significantly in 1940 and by 1970 it had tripled to reach 3% of the
population.
Although there was no change in the number of people aged 65 -74 between 1960 and 1970, the number of people aged
75 and over increased during this time. By the year 2000, 12.4% of the US population had reached the age of 65 or more,
although this was slightly lower than in 1990 when it peaked at 12.6%.
The chart shows that today people in the U.S. can expect to live longer than in 1900. By the year 2000 more than 12% of
the population had managed to live to the age of 65 and over compared to only 4.1% in 1900.
Complete the answer by filling the gaps with an adverb or adjective from the box below.
dramatic
dramatically
impressive
impressively
slight
slightly
steady
steadily
sharp
sharply
steep
steeply
The world population grew dramatically between 1960 and 2000.

The world population experienced a dramatic growth between 1960 and 2000.
European City Tourism showed an impressive growth of 50% for three consecutive years from 2006 to 2008.
European City Tourism grew impressively by 50% for three consecutive years from 2006 to 2008.
Diesel consumption showed a slight increase between 2010 and 2011.

Diesel consumption increased slightly between 2010 and 2011.
Consumption of chocolate fell steadily between 1970 and 2010.

There was a steady fall in consumption of chocolate between 1970 and 2010.
Worldwide sales of CD-ROM drives climbed steeply during the first half of the year before falling sharply in August.
There was a steep climb in worldwide sales of CD-ROM drives during the first half of the year before a sharp fall in
August.
76. The chart below shows the GDP growth per year for three countries between 2007 and 2010.
Model answer:
The chart shows the annual GDP growth for three countries from 2007 to 2010. By the year 2007 the figure for Tunisia
was by far the highest at close to 6.3% per annum.
This figure is double that of Ecuador and three times that of Japan on a global level.
However by 2008 this trend has changed considerably; the Japanese doubled their annual GDP over this period and
there was also an increase in the GDP of Ecuador, while Tunisia fell to 4.5% per year. In 2009 and 2010, the downward
trend for Tunisia continued falling to a low of 3% at the end of this period.
For Ecuador, the GDP fell sharply to just under 1.5% in the year 2009 and rose only slightly in 2010 to 2.3%. ON the other
hand, for Japan, the GDP figure rose significantly throughout this time and by the year 2010 had more than matched the
GDP figures for Tunisia of the year 2007
77. The graph below shows the changes in maximum number of Asian elephants between 1994 and 2007.
Model answer:
The graph shows the estimated maximum population of elephants in a range of Asian countries in both 1997 and 2004.
In most of the countries included in the graph, the population fell. This was most noticeable in Malaysia and Thailand,
where the number of elephants was thought to be less than half the figure in 1997. In the former, the number of elephants
dropped as low as 1000. India remained the country with by far the largest elephant population, but experienced a
dramatic fall in numbers so that in 2004 there may have been as few as 7500. Despite its size, China had a very small
population of at most 500 elephants by 2004.
Although the trend was downwards overall, elephant populations were thought to have remained stable in Laos and
Vietnam at approximately 1200. The only country where elephants showed signs of recovering was Cambodia, where
numbers may have risen by up to 200.
78. The pie charts below show electricity generation by source in New Zealand and Germany in 1980 and 2010.
Electricity Generation by Source in New Zealand
Electricity Generation by Source in Germany
Model answer:
The charts compare the sources of electricity in New Zealand and Germany in the years 1980 and 2010. Between these
years, electricity generation almost doubled, rising from 127 units to 200 in New Zealand, and from 107 to 214 units in
Germany.
In 1980 New Zealand used coal as the main electricity source (56 units) and the remainder was produced from natural
gas, hydro power (each producing 30 units) and petroleum (which produced only 11 units). By 2010, coal had become the
fuel for more than 75% of electricity produced and only hydro continued to be another significant source supplying
approximately 20%.
In contrast, Germany used coal as a source for only 28 units of electricity in 1980, which was matched by natural gas.
The remaining 49 units were produced largely from petroleum and nuclear power, with hydro contributing only 7 units. But
by 2010 nuclear power, which was not used at all in New Zealand, had developed into the main source, producing almost
75% of electricity, at 155 units, while coal and petroleum together produced only 55 units. Other sources were no longer
significant.
Overall, it is clear by 2010 these two countries relied on different principal fuel sources: New Zealand relied on coal and
Germany on nuclear power.
79. The table below shows the monthly expenditure of an average Australian family in 1991 and 2001.
1991
2001
Australian Dollar Per Month

Food
155
160
Electricity and Water
75
120
Clothing
30
20
Housing
95
100
Transport
70
45
Other goods and services*
250
270
Total
675
715
*Other goods and services: non-essential goods and services

model answer:
The table shows changes in the spending patterns of an average Australian household between 1999 and 2001. In
general, Australian household spending was high in 2001 than in 1991 but the difference was not significant (AUD $715
per month and AUD $675 per month respectively).
The amount of monthly spending on electricity and water saw a dramatic increase over the 10-year period from $75 to
$120. Yet in terms of the expenditure on non-essential goods and services, the rising trend was less obvious with a minor
increase of $20. At the same time, the amount of money spent on food and housing rose only slightly from $155 to $160
and $95 to $100 respectively.
However, there was a decrease in expenditure on the other two items. Australians spent one third less on clothing, which
fell from $30 to $20. Similarly, expenditure on transport dropped from $70 in 1991 to $45 in 2001.
It seems that food and other goods and services were the two biggest items of expenditure. Altogether, they accounted
for more than half of the total household spending. By comparison, Australians spent little on dressing up.
80. The bar chart below shows the estimated sales of jeans for two companies next year in Turkey. The pie chart
shows the projected market share of the two companies in jeans at the end of next year.
Model answer 1:
The bar chart shows the estimated sales of jeans in thousands of pairs for two companies in Turkey next year.
It is anticipated that purchases of jeans at Mango Co. will rise from 150,000 pairs in January to approximately 500,000
pairs in August, and will remain there until November. For December, sales are expected to be in the region of 600,000
pairs.
Meanwhile, it is estimated that the sales of jeans for Jack & Jones Co. will begin the year at around 450,000 pairs in
January, falling to about 250,000, before increasing to around 400,000 in June. For the next two months until August,
sales are forecast to remain steady at this level, after which they are expected to rise steadily to hit a peak of
approximately 900,000 pairs in December.
The pie chart shows that, at the end of next year, the anticipated market share for Mango Co. and Jack & Jones Co. is
20% and 30% respectively.
As can be seen from the chart, the overall sales trends for both companies are forecast to be upwards.
(178 words)
Model answer 2:
The bar chart shows the predicted sales of jeans in thousands of pairs for two companies in Turkey; Mango Co. and Jack
& Jones Co. for next year.
The most striking feature is that sales will increase for both companies, It is anticipated that sales of Jack & Jones Co. will
start at 450,000 pairs in January decreasing by 200,000 pairs following month with a gradual recover over the subsequent
four months reaching 400,000 pairs in June. Those of Jack & Jones Co. are predicted to be stable until August peaking
up to 600,000 pairs in September and October.
Sales of Jack & Jones will reach a peak of 900,000 in December, For those of Mango Co. is forecasted a gradual
increase with the largest sale of 600,000 pairs in December. In the beginning of the next year those of Mango Co. will
stand at 150,000 pairs falling back to 100,000 pairs in February, rising steadily to 250,000 in June, In subsequent months
sales will reach 450,000 pairs increasing to 500,000 pairs in August, staying stable until November,
Regarding the pie chart the sales of Jack & Jones Co. will share 30% of market whereas those of Mango Co. 20%. 50%
of market is set to be shared by other companies.
(211 words)
This answer would probably exceed Band 8
81. The following diagram shows how greenhouse gases trap energy from the Sun.
Complete the answer by filling the gaps with a word or phrase from the box below.
lead to
release
result in
subsequently
fell
reach
less
decades
amounts
as a result of
Energy from the Sun reaches the Earth as heat. Some of this heat energy is subsequently/then radiated into space,
while some of it is trapped by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and reflected back to Earth. This is a natural process,
but in recent decades, human activities have led to an increase in the amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
which is now trapping too much heat.
One of the main greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide, and extra quantities of this are released/have been released into
the atmosphere as a result of burning fossil fuels as a source of energy in power stations, factories and homes. Exhaust
gases from cars and Lorries result in/have resulted in further emissions of carbon dioxide.
Plants serve to remove some of the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by absorbing it through their leaves. However,
as large areas of forest are (being) felled/have been felled in the Amazon and elsewhere, less carbon dioxide is
removed in this way.
82. The graph below shows the population figures of different types of turtles in India between 1980 and 2012.
Model answer:
The total number of all species of turtles in India has been relatively stable over the last two decades, although there were
significant drops in numbers between 1987 and 1989 and again in 1992 and 1996. Since 2004 there has been an
improvement in numbers of all species, although the graph shows a slight decrease in 2010.
In contrast, the population of Leatherback turtles has suffered a severe decline, particularly in 1988 when numbers fell
dramatically. The rate of decline in the population appears to have slowed and it has remained relatively stable since
2009.
There was also a fall in the number of Green turtles of around 30% between 1984 and 2002. The population increased
slightly in 2010 but it had dropped again by 2012.
It is only Olive Ridley turtles that have seen a steady increase in population over this period. Their numbers dropped
slightly in 2007 and again in 2012 but the overall trend has been a positive one.
83. The table below shows the average band scores for students from different language groups taking the IELTS
General Test in 2010.
Listening
Reading
Writing
Speaking
Overall
German
6.8
6.3
6.6
6.9
6.7
French
6.3
6.1
6.5
6.6
6.5
Indonesian
6.3
6.1
6.1
6.7
6.3
Malay
6.2
6.4
6.0
6.6
6.4
Model answer:
The table illustrates the breakdown of scores for the IELTS General Test in 2010. It shows separate scores for all four
sections (Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking), together with the overall score for students from four different
language groups around the world.
From an overall perspective, German speakers achieved the highest grades with an average score of 6.7 across all four
sections. Moreover, they scored the highest of all four language groups in three sections of the four sections (Listening,
Writing, Speaking).
French speakers scored the second highest scores overall, closely followed by Malay and Indonesian speakers. Although
French speakers did not do so well in the Reading, Speaking and Listening sections compared to Indonesian and Malay
speakers, there was a significant difference in their grades for the Writing section. These grades were high relative to
Indonesian and Malay candidates. Surprisingly, Malay speakers, who achieved the second lowest results overall,
achieved the highest results of all four language groups for the Reading section.
As a final point, it is interesting to note that the scores for each section show that all students on average scored the
highest marks for the Speaking section and the lowest marks for the Reading section.
84. The pie charts below show the average household expenditures in a country in 1950 and 2010.
Average Household Expenditures by Major Category
Look at the phrases in italic. Choose the phrase which sounds more formal.
The two pie charts give information about household expenditure on goods and services in 1950 and 2010. It is
immediately obvious that there are some quite significant differences between the two charts.
In 2010 the largest proportion of expenditure was on food whereas in 1950 it was on housing, with food for just 11.2%.
There is a great difference in terms of housing expenditure between the two years. In 1950 72.1% of the total
household budget went towards housing, compared to only 22% in 2010.
There has been a notable increase in the amount of money spent on transportation between the two dates. In addition,
the charts show a significant rise in the proportion of money spent on health care in 2010 compared to 1950.
There are some similarities, however. For example, in both 1950 and 2010 the proportion of education expenditure
was roughly the same.
85. The table below shows the number of medals won by the top ten countries in the London 2012 Olympic
Games.
London 2012 Olympic Games Medal Table
Rank by
Gold
Country
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
United States
46
29
29
104
China
38
27
23
88
Great Britain
29
17
19
65
Russia
24
26
32
82
South Korea
13
28
Germany
11
19
14
44
France
11
11
12
34
Italy
11
28
Hungary
17
10
Australia
16
12
35
Source: http://www.london2012.com/medals/medal-count/
Model answer:
The table shows the number of medals won by the top ten countries in the London 2012 Olympic Games. The USA won
greatest number of medals overall with the total of 104. They won more gold medals than silver and more medals than
any other country in both categories. China had the second number of medals at 88, and like the USA, China won fewer
silver medals than gold medals.
While Russias silver medal total was better than Great Britains, they did not do as well as Great Britain in the gold
medals, winning just 24. In fact Great Britain had a lower overall medal total than Russia but, as the table is based on the
number of gold medals won, they were placed third. Similarly, Germany was significantly more successful at winning
medals than South Korea, with a total of 44 compared to South Koreas 28, but because South Korea won two more gold
medals than Germany they were ranked higher. Australia gave the worst performance in this group, winning only seven
gold and sixteen silver medals.
86. Complete the description of the table using an appropriate word, words or number.
reasons for shopping at ASDA
supermarket
no. of men
no. of women
close to home
25
20
good reputation
17
22
24-hour shopping
parking facilities
21
20
friendly staff
competitive prices
14
17
The table shows the main reasons why ASDA is a popular supermarket for shoppers. The top three reasons are its
location / closeness to home, its reputation and its parking facilities. Of these, the most important reason why men shop
at ASDA is that the shop is close to their home 25 men rated this as an important factor. Women, however, prefer
ASDA to other supermarkets mainly because it has a good reputation / of its reputation. They rated the location of the
supermarket second. A significant number of both men and women also choose to shop at ASDA because it has / of the
/ of its good parking facilities.
The women felt / said / thought / considered this was as important as the location of the supermarket. On the other
hand, the attitude of the staff does not seem to be an important factor as only six women and six men rated this highly.
Surprisingly, almost no one said they prefer to shop / shopping at ASDA because it is open 24 hours a day.
87. The graph below gives information about international tourist arrivals in five countries.
Model answer:
The graph shows the overall numbers of tourist arrivals in five countries between 1995 and 2010. In 1995 over 70 million
tourists visited the United States, more than twice as many as the next most popular destination shown, France.
However, between 2005 and 2010 there was a decrease of approximately 1,500,000 in the numbers going to the United
States whereas there was an increase of nearly 20 million tourists visiting France. The result was that in 2010 the number
of tourists arriving in the United States and France was almost equal at around 90 million each.
The number of tourists visiting Malaysia rose steadily over the whole period but by 2010 the total was still under 50
million. The countries with the fewest tourist arrivals were Brazil and Egypt. The number of tourists going there was
similar between 1995 and 2000 but after that there was a greater increase in tourists going to Egypt than to Brazil.
88. The chart below shows the total number of minutes (in millions) of telephone calls in Finland, divided into
three categories, from 1995 2004.
Model answer:
The chart shows the time spent by Finlands residents on different types of telephone calls between 1995 and 2004.
Local landline calls were the highest throughout the period, rising from 12000 million minutes in 1995 to just under 17000
million in 2000. After peaking at 17000 million the following year, these calls had fallen back to the 1995 figure by 2004.
National and international landline calls grew steadily from 6000 million to 10500 million at the end of the period in
question, though the growth slowed over the last two years.
There was a dramatic increase in mobile calls from 250 to 9800 million minutes. This rise was particularly noticeable
between 2000 and 2004, during which time the use of mobile phones tripled.
To sum up, although local landline calls were still the most popular in 2004, the gap between the three categories had
narrowed considerately over the second half of the period in question.
89. The graph below gives information from Annual Energy Outlook 2008 about consumption of energy in the
USA since 1980 with projection until 2030.
Source: http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/aeo/pdf/0383(2008).pdf
Model answer:
The graph shows consumption of energy in the U.S. since 1980 with projections through 2030.
The historical trends show Petrol and Oil as the major sources of fuel, rising from 35 quadrillion (35q) units used in 1980
to 42q in 2012. Despite some fluctuation between 1980 and 1995, there was a steady increase, which is expected to
continue, reaching 47q in 2030.
Consumption of energy from natural gas and coal followed a similar pattern over the period. From 20q and 15q
respectively in 1980, gas showed an initial fall and coal a gradual increase, with the two fuels equal between 1985 and
1990. Consumption has fluctuated since 1990 but both now provide 24q. Coal consumption is projected to rise to 31q in
2030, whereas after 2014, natural gas is forecast to remain stable at 25q.
In 1980, energy from solar/wind, nuclear, and hydropower was the least-used, with only 4q. Nuclear has risen by 3q, and
solar/wind by 2. Since 2005, hydropower has fallen back to the 1980 figure. It is expected to remain approximately
constant through 2030, while the others are projected to rise gradually after 2025.
Overall, fossil fuels will remain the chief energy source for the US, with a little bit of hydroelectric, nuclear and a smidgen
of renewables like wind and solar.
90. The bar chart below gives information about the number of students studying Computer Science at a UK
university between 2010 and 2012.
Model answer:
The bar chart illustrates the number of male and female students studying Computer Science at a UK university over
three years. It also indicates whether they were home or international students. Compared to the number of home
students, the number of international students was significantly smaller. Nevertheless, there was clear statistical growth in
the latter group from 2010-2012. Furthermore, the number of female home students eventually overtook the number of
males from the same group, reaching a high of 45 in 2012.
The year 2011 saw the most dramatic developments; the number of male home students fell from just below 40 to 24 and
the number of females rose from 32 to 44. There was also significant growth in the number of male students from
overseas, climbing from 20 in 2010 to 39 in 2012. Overall, we can see an upward trend in the number of students at the
university.
91. The pie charts below give information about world population in 1900 and 2000.
Model answer:
The pie charts illustrate changes in the population of different areas of the world between 1900 and 2000. The major
regions are represented as percentages of the total world population.
From 1900 to 2000, the percentage of people living in Africa more than doubled from 4.5% to 10%, while Latin Americas
proportion almost tripled in the same period. On the other hand, the percentage of population in Europe and Asia
decreased over the last century. Europes percentage dropped from 25% to 14%, while Asia declined from 60% to 54%.
North Americas percentage however, remained constant at 5% in 1900 and 2000. The Middle East and North Africa, a
new category in 2000, represented 6% of world population.
Overall, this represents a huge increase in the number of humans on the planet, from 1.6 billion to 6 billion in just one
century. Most of this population growth has occurred in developing countries.
92. The diagram below shows the production of steam using a gas cooled nuclear reactor.
Model answer:
A gas-cooled nuclear reactor consists of the reactor itself and a heat exchanger. The reactor contains uranium fuel
elements which are surrounded by graphite moderators and topped by charge tubes for loading fuel elements, and boron
control rods. The whole reactor is contained in a pressure vessel surrounded by a concrete shield.
From the reactor the hot gas flows through a duct into the heat exchanger which is outside the concrete radiation
shielding. In the heat exchanger, steam is generated in a secondary loop. There a pipe brings in water which is heated to
steam, and this then flows out to the turbo-alternator. Meanwhile the hot gas sinks to the bottom of the heat exchanger
and passes through a gas blower which pushes it into a cool gas duct and back to the reactor.
As can be seen, this is a continuous cycle that keeps the reactor from overheating, while carrying away the heat and
steam, which will power the turbines.
93. The diagrams below show UK students' responses to the question of to what extent they would describe
themselves as financially organized.
Very organised %
All students
21
Age up to 22 years
18
Age 23-25 years
26
Age over 26 years
35
Source: http://www.unite-group.co.uk/binaries/MungoBlobs-1350377092294.pdf
Test Tip
In IELTS Writing Task 1, you do not need to describe all the information given. To summarize, you must select the main
features from what is shown. Information is often given in the form of a graph, a chart, or a table. Read any headings, key
and sources for the data to understand what it relates to. The data may show differences or changes over time, between
places, or between groups of people. Try to identify significant contrasts, similarities, or trends.
Model answer:
The two diagrams show students' responses to the question of how good they are at managing their finances. The pie
chart illustrates the ability of UK students to manage their finances and the table shows the proportion of students, by
age, who think they are very organized at managing their finances.
More than three-quarters of students (76%) believe they are either very or fairly organized financially, while one in five
(20%) say they are not very organized in this area. Only 4% of students rate themselves as not at all competent.
The ability to manage ones finances well would seem to develop with age and experience as older students are almost
twice as likely to say they are very organized than younger ones (31% of students aged 26 or over compared to just 17%
for those aged up to 22).
Overall, the findings suggest that students generally manage their finances well.
94. The chart below shows the percentage of male and female teachers in six different types of educational
setting in the UK in 2010.
Test Tip
You only have 20 minutes to do Writing Task 1, so make sure the points you include are:
Relevant you will waste time and lose marks if you dont follow the instructions. Dont speculate or add your own
opinions.
Not repetitive dont say the same thing in different words, or write similar sentences about all the figures. Describe
something different in every point. Make comparisons and describe trends rather than focus on individual numbers.
Accurate giving the wrong information loses marks, so study the question carefully and interpret data or diagrams
correctly.
Model answer:
The bar chart gives information about the gender of teachers in six types of educational institutions in the UK in 2010. It
shows what percentage of teachers was male and what percentage was female.
Women dominated the teaching profession in primary education, but less so at lower and upper secondary education. It
was particularly true of nursery school, where the share of female teachers was above 95%. Similarly one-sided was the
situation in primary school, where over 90% of teachers were also female.
At secondary and upper secondary level this pattern was less pronounced, where there were nearly equal proportions of
male and female teachers. On the other hand, male teachers outnumbered female teachers in high-level education,
where the proportion of men was twice that for women.
Overall, the higher the level of education, the more male teachers dominated, and the reverse occurred with respect to
female teachers.
95. The graphs below provide information on global population figures and figures for urban populations in
different world regions.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population
Test Tip
If there is more than one diagram, study any heading, key or source for each. Decide what the vertical and horizontal
axes measure, and what the bars show. Look for similarities, differences, changes and trends.
Model answer:
The first graph shows the trend in world population growth between 1800 and 2100, while the second graph gives
predicted urban population figures for the next 25 years.
The world population has experienced continuous growth since 1800. Between 1800 and 1950, the population grew
slowly from just under 1 billion to 2.5 billion people. After that, the growth rate increased and currently the figure is around
6.5 billion. Projections show a continued increase in population in the near future, but a steady decline in the population
growth rate. The global population is expected to peak at 8.2 billion by 2050, and then decline to around 6.2 billion by
2100.
The predictions also show that almost all urban population growth in the next 25 years will occur in cities of developing
countries. In developed regions, on the other hand, the urban population is expected to remain unchanged at about 1.3
billion people over the next two decades.
The graphs show that the global population increase will not occur evenly throughout the world, but will be greater in
some areas than others.
96. The table below presents the number of children ever born to women aged 40-44 years in Australia for each year the
information was collected since 1981.
Number of children ever born, Women aged 4044 years
Four or
One
Two
Three
more
None
child
children
children
children
year
2006
15.9
13.2
38.3
21.5
11.0
1996
12.8
11.3
38.2
24.6
13.1
1986
9.7
8.7
35.6
27.0
18.9
1981
8.5
7.6
29.0
27.4
27.6
Source: ABS Births Australia 2001, 2006 (3301.0)
Test Tip
You should signpost general statements, i.e. introduce them with expressions such as The table/pie chart/graph/etc.
shows... The most significant change... Another noticeable trend... Overall...
You must also support general statements with detailed information from the table/graph/etc.
Model answer:
The table shows the number of children born to women aged 4044 years in Australia in 1981, 1986, 1996 and 2001.
In 1981, women aged 40-44 years were only marginally more likely to have had two children than three children (29% vs
27.4%) or four or more children (27.6%). Similarly, by 1986, women of this age were considerably more likely to have
given birth to two children than three children (35.6% vs 27%) or four or more children (18.9%).
In 1996 and 2006, the proportions of women aged 40-44 years who had given birth to two children were almost identical,
though the proportions who had given birth to three children or to four or more children had decreased. In these more
recent periods, women were more likely to have had two children than three or more children - a trend that was most
marked in the most recent period (38.2% vs 24.6% in 1996; 38.3% vs 21.5% in 2006).
While two-child families now predominate, the number of women who had given birth to only one child increased
progressively from 7.6% in 1981 to 13.2% in 2006.
In 1981, similar proportions of women aged in their early forties were childless or had given birth to only one child (8.5%
and 7.6% respectively). By 2006, 15.9% of women were childless and 13.2% had given birth to only one child.
Overall, by age 40-44 years, the proportion of women who have had three or more children has fallen considerably since
the 1980s, while the proportions who have had no children, or only one or two children has increased.
97. The graph below shows waste recycling rates in the U.S. from 1960 to 2011.
Source: http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/facts-text.htm#chart3
Test Tip
Do not confuse ton and tone. A ton is the same as 1.016 tones. In American English a ton is 2000 pounds.
Read the following sample answer. Complete the answer by filling the gaps with the correct form of the words in the box.
Some words can be used more than once.
sharp
triple
peak
reach
steady
from
rise
compare
significant
The graph depicts waste recycling rates in the U.S. from 1960 to 2011, in both percentage and tons.
Between 1960 and 1970, the percentage of garbage being recycled annually remained relatively steady at just over 6%.
It then rose slightly over the next 15 years to 10.1% in 1985.
On the other hand, the amount of garbage being recycled tripled during the same period, from 5.6 million tons in 1960 to
16.7 million tons in 1985. Following this sharp increase, the amount of waste material being recycled has risen
significantly between 1985 and 2011 when it peaked at 86.9 million tons.
Similarly, the recycling rate continued to grow sharply from 1985 to 1995, and then at a slower rate over the next 15
years until it reached a peak of 34.7% in 2011. However, this figure is still disappointing compared to the total amount of
waste being recycled each year.
98. The bar chart below gives information about the percentage of the population living in urban areas in the
world and in different continents.
Source: UN, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2005 Revision (2006) and Carl Haub, 2007 World Population Data
Sheet.
Test Tip
Do not copy information from the question paper, use your own words. Make sure that you describe the most important
information and that your figures are accurate.
Read the following sample answer. Complete the answer by filling the gaps with the words in the box.
by contrast
in spite of
compares
smaller
shows
marked
double
highest
The bar chart shows the urbanization percentage of the world in 1950 and compares this with the percentage in 2007
and the projected percentage for 2030.
Between 1950 and 2030, the proportion of the world's population residing in cities is expected to double, growing from
29% to 60%. However, this rate is less marked in some continents than others.
For example, 64% of the population of North America was urban in 1950, increasing to 79% by 2007. By contrast, just
15% of the African population was urban in 1950, but this rose to 37% by 2007. This represents one of the highest
urbanization rates in the world, even though the percentage of Africans in urban areas is still smaller than the world
average.
It is also clear from the graph that, urbanization in Latin America is projected to be higher than Europe in 2030, in spite of
being lower in 1950.
99. The line graph below gives information about the number of visitors to three London museums between June
and September 2013.
Test Tip
Check the horizontal axis to find whether the graph refers to past, present, future or all three.
We use the present simple to describe the graph: The graph shows , We can see
If the graph refers to past period of time, we use the past simple, and if the graph includes future times, we use will or it is
predicted that.
Look at the line graph and complete the text with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets and the correct prepositions.
The graph shows (show) how many people visited (visit) three London museums in the summer of 2013. Most visitors
went (go) to the British museum between June and September. The number fluctuated (fluctuate) between 500 and
750. By contrast, the Science Museum and the Natural History Museum received (receive) fewer visitors. The number of
people who visited the Science Museum dropped (drop) gradually from 400 thousand to 300 from June to August then
rose (rise) to 450 thousand in September. We can see (see) that the trend for the Natural History Museum was (be)
similar. There was a sharp drop in visitors from June to July. The number remained stable (remain stable) in August and
then increased (increase) steadily in September.
100. The diagrams below give information on transport and car use in Edmonton.
Peoples reasons for using the car in city

Commute to work
55%
Shopping
15%
Leisure activities
15%
Taking children to school
40%
Business
45%
Test Tip
In IELTS Writing Task 1, when you must describe two figures, ask yourself the following:
1) What do both figures relate to?
2) What kind of relationship is evident? (a similarity, a difference, a cause and effect relationship or some other type of
relationship)
3) Which aspects of each figure should be highlighted?
4) Should I describe the figures in separate paragraphs, or should I compare different aspects of the figures within a
series of paragraph?
Model answer
The table shows the reason why people in Edmonton use their cars in the city and the pie chart explains what type of
transport people prefer to use most of the time.
Looking at the pie chart first, it is clear that the car is the most popular means of transport in this city. 45% of the people
say that they prefer to commute by car. The second most popular form of transport is the LRT, while busses and taxis are
the main means of transport for the rest of the people.
The table gives more detailed information about why people use their cars. Surprisingly, 55% of the people need to
commute to work by car. Cars are also used a lot for taking children to school or business purposes. Only 15% of drivers
are doing their shopping and, similarly, 15% need to travel by car for leisure.
Overall, people in Edmonton make good use of alternative methods of transport but there is a heavy dependence on cars
for work.
101. The chart below gives information about the UK's ageing population in 1985 and makes predictions for 2035.
Source: Office for National Statistics, National Records of Scotland, Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency
Test Tip
In Task 1 of the IELTS Writing modules, you may be asked to interpret and describe data presented in graph form. There
are three basic types of graph: pie charts, bar charts and line graphs.
Bar charts are useful for comparing the quantities of different categories. Bar charts are constructed such that the lengths
of the different bars are proportional to the size of the category they represent. Bar charts usually show the numbers or
percentages on the y-axis and the different categories that are being measured along the x-axis. Both axes are labeled to
show what they refer to. Sometimes each category along the x-axis can be divided into two further sub-groups, e.g.
1985/2035, so that these sub-groups can be compared.
Model answer
The graph shows how the size and distribution of the UK's ageing population is likely to change over a 50-year period.
Overall, the proportions are predicted to increase in all UK countries. In 1985, 15 per cent of the UK population was over
65, but by 2035, this will account for 23 per cent of the total population.
A closer look at the data reveals that the ageing population is expected to rise more in some parts of the UK than in other.
In 1985, Wales had the highest percentage of people aged 65 and over, at 16 per cent. The second-largest group could
be found in England and the third in Scotland. Northern Ireland had lowest proportion, with 12 per cent aged 65 and over.
By 2035, Wales is still going to have by far the greatest percentage of over 65s, with figures likely to reach 26 per cent.
However, the biggest increases in this age group, relative to the rest of the population, are predicted to occur in Northern
Ireland and Scotland. In Northern Ireland, for example, this figure will increase almost double to 23 per cent.

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12. Write a report describing the information in the graph below.

NUMBER OF VISITORS (million)

Sales: week of October 7-13

Water consumption per person

Percentage of total expenditure

*Litres per person per year

umber of meals eaten in fast food restaurants and sit-down restaurants.

Passengers per year

Proportion of people from each

couple with children

Salaries needed (/year)

The world population grew dramatically between 1960 and 2000.

Diesel consumption showed a slight increase between 2010 and 2011.

Consumption of chocolate fell steadily between 1970 and 2010.

Electricity Generation by Source in Germany

Australian Dollar Per Month

Electricity and Water

Other goods and services*

*Other goods and services: non-essential goods and services

Age 23-25 years

Age over 26 years

Number of children ever born, Women aged 4044 years

Source: ABS Births Australia 2001, 2006 (3301.0)

Peoples reasons for using the car in city

Taking children to school

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