Jose Gomez-Marquez

MIT D-Lab
d-lab.mit.edu
twitter: jfgm

jfgm@mit.edu
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Jose Gomez-Marquez

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Appropriate technology often requires a nuanced approach to design that
combines simple solutions, elegant technologies and robust engineering to
make technologies survive the rigors of the field. This often produces a highly
tailored approach to each solution that is difficult to standardize across sectors
and across individuals.

We have taken steps to identify the most important tensions that exist in
appropriate biomedical technologies seen through the design lens. By mapping
RESOURCE INVESTMENT and IMPACT along a X-Y spectrum, we can anticipate
how appropriate our solution is against conventional approaches. We call this
the Global Health Innovation Compass.

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 Affordable/
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High Impact

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 The Real Cost of Needles

1/3 of vaccine
injections
in the developing
world are UNSAFE.

This leads to:

•  250,000 cases of
HIV
•  Millions of cases
of hepatitis
Sources: WHO, USAID, PATH
Simonsen L, et al. Unsafe injections in the developing world and transmission of blood-borne pathogens: a review.
Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1999
 TARGET ZONE
1–5
MICRO METERS

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Using the existing
vaccine, make particles
small enough for lung
absorption without
destroying the vaccine
The Aerovax System was designed as a go-anywhere inhalable drug and vaccine delivery technology designed for mass immunization of
remote populations.
A field deployable DNA collection device. An IIH H-Lab team worked on a field deployable solution for Boston University researcher’s bench-
based microfluidic sample collection tool that is now under further development by researchers MIT, Boston University, and designers in
California and Ethiopia.

22
IN 2005:
8.8 MILLION NEW CASES
1.6 MILLION DEATHS

IN 2006:
9.2 MILLION NEW CASES
1.7 MILLION DEATHS

Source: CDC
 Patients who do not take their medications
cost the American healthcare system $290 billion
a year in increased medical spending.
--- New England Healthcare Institute, August 2009

A new penny-a-day test is ensuring adherence to Tuberculosis medications using a smart combination of mobile phones, diagnostics, and
creative incentives.

N\* 24
CONFIDENTIAL

Patients who do not take their medications

cost the American healthcare system $290 billion
a year in increased medical spending.
--- New England Healthcare Institute, August 2009

A new penny-a-day test is ensuring adherence to Tuberculosis medications using a smart combination of mobile phones, diagnostics, and
creative incentives.

N_* 25
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CONFIDENTIAL
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Izoniazid 300MG

Ictv: 300 Minute

Credit Intervals
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Dr. Catherine Klapperich, an Assistant Professor of Engineering at Boston University
is an IIH affiliate and CIMIT-backed researcher.

Need and Impact

Sepsis is a systemic response to an infection that can be bacterial, viral, fungal or
parasitic in origin and its diagnosis is based on patient’s history and
presentationCurrent standard of care for sepsis require blood cultures that can take
days to completeCurrent FDA approved “rapid tests” have reasonable sensitivity and
specificity, but not the causative organism

Solution and Innovation

Develop rapid, point-of-care test to monitor sepsisQuantify nucleic acids in blood by
combining novel microfluidic nucleic acid isolation with on-chip quantitative PCR
Design assay to determine, in parallel, whether infection is bacterial (gram positive or
gram negative) or fungal

30
 Jose Trevejo, MD, PhD, BIDMC and Preshious Rearden, PhD, Draper

Need and ImpactTuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem worldwide with
approximately 8 million new cases and >2 million deaths per yearMajor obstacle is the lack
of point-of-care diagnostics for TB with high sensitivityNo real-time, reliable, inexpensive,
portable detection deviceSolution and InnovationDevelop real-time volatile analysis system
(breath analyzer) for TB detectionLeverage and apply novel differential mobility
spectrometer that has a highly sensitive, portable gas sensors for detection at very low
concentrationsWorld Healthcare Organization (WHO) supported ongoing clinical trials for TB

FAIMS Human Breath Tracing 31

Dr. Catherine Klapperich, an Assistant Professor of Engineering at Boston University is an IIH
affiliate and CIMIT-backed researcher.

• Need and ImpactSepsis is a systemic response to an infection that can be bacterial, viral,
fungal or parasitic in origin and its diagnosis is based on patient’s history and
presentationCurrent standard of care for sepsis require blood cultures that can take days to
completeCurrent FDA approved “rapid tests” have reasonable sensitivity and specificity, but not
the causative organism

Solution and Innovation

Develop rapid, point-of-care test to monitor sepsisQuantify nucleic acids in blood by combining
novel microfluidic nucleic acid isolation with on-chip quantitative PCR Design assay to
determine, in parallel, whether infection is bacterial (gram positive or gram negative) or fungal

32
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Dr. Kristian Olson is the Program Leader for CIMIT’s Global Health Initiative and chief
architect of the Car Parts Incubator project.

Need and ImpactEach year over 4 million infants worldwide die within a month of birth due
to pre-maturity, low birth weight and infectionConventional incubators designed for
industrialized markets can cost over $30,00095% of donated medical equipment ends up
broken within five years and unused due to lack of local training and repair Solution and
InnovationBuild a low-cost, higher performing, safer and effective neonatal isolette for low-
resource, rural settingsDesign and leverage readily locally available automotive
partsDevelop and train to be operated, repaired and maintained with local human resource
capacity

37
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Battery
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MCU

Main objectives
- Improve human motor function in patient populations with
sensory and/or motor deficits
- Support multiple patients via wireless or web-based manner
- Provide clinical or motor learning tasks in physical therapy or 6X5X3.5 cm
sports training

38
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James Bradshaw, Adam Gienapp,
40
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 42Tran
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Ken Endo
Jose Gomez-Marquez
MIT D-Lab
d-lab.mit.edu
IN 2005:
8.8 MILLION NEW CASES
1.6 MILLION DEATHS

IN 2006:
9.2 MILLION NEW CASES
1.7 MILLION DEATHS

Source: CDC
KNOCK ON LOTS OF DOORS

TALK TO LOTS OF PEOPLE

ASK QUESTIONS. LEARN TO LISTEN.

Su primer Your first idea is important, but
be confident enough to let it go since
your second, third or fourth may be even
better.
Learn how your target users improvise.
There’s often an invention hidden in
that solution waiting for a bit of
engineering.
Great solutions are often the result of a
mashup of vintage technologies with
modern ones.
It’s not just about what you can cook up
in the lab.
It’s really about what your user need.
Talk to them!
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