4/12/2016 G.R.Nos.61776to61861March23,1984REYNALDOR.BAYOTv.SANDIGANBAYAN,ETAL.

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PhilippineSupremeCourtJurisprudence>Year1984>March1984Decisions>G.R.Nos.61776to61861March
23,1984REYNALDOR.BAYOTv.SANDIGANBAYAN,ETAL.:

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[G.R.Nos.61776to61861.March23,1984.]

REYNALDOR.BAYOT,Petitioner,v.SANDIGANBAYAN(SECONDDIVISION)andPEOPLEOF
THEPHILIPPINES,Respondents.

RenatoJ.BihasaforPetitioner.

TheSolicitorGeneralforRespondents.
SYLLABUS
1. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW BILL OF RIGHTS EX POST FACTO LAW LAWS PROVIDING FOR
SUSPENSION FROM OFFICE OF PUBLIC OFFICERS PENDING TRIAL, NOT IN VIOLATION OF
CONSTITUTION.ThereisnomeritinpetitionerscontentionthatSection13ofRepublicAct3019,
as amended by Batas Pambansa Blg. 195, which includes the crime of Estafa thru Falsification of
PublicDocumentasamongthecrimessubjectingthepublicofficerchargedtherewithwithsuspension
from office pending action in court, is a penal provision which violates the constitutional prohibition
againsttheenactmentofexpostfactolaw.

DebtKollectCompany,Inc.

2.CRIMINALLAWCRIMESCOMMITTEDBYPUBLICOFFICERSSUSPENSIONFROMOFFICEPENDING
TRIAL APPLICABILITY THEREOF TO ANY OFFICE WHICH THE OFFICER CHARGED MAY BE HOLDING
CASE AT BAR. The claim of petitioner that he cannot be suspended because he is presently
occupying a position different from that under which he is charged is untenable. The amendatory
provision clearly states that any incumbent public officer against whom any criminal prosecution
under a valid information under Republic Act 3019 or for any offense involving fraud upon the
governmentorpublicfundsorpropertywhetherasasimpleorasacomplexoffenseandinwhatever
stage of execution and mode of participation, is pending in court, shall be suspended from office.
Thus,bytheuseoftheword"office"thesameappliestoanyofficewhichtheofficerchargedmaybe
holding,andnotonlytheparticularofficeunderwhichhewascharged.
DECISION
RELOVA,J.:

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Division

PetitionerReynaldoR.Bayotisoneoftheseveralpersonsaccusedinmorethanonehundred(100)
counts of Estafa thru Falsification of Public Documents before the Sandiganbayan. The said charges
stemmed from his alleged involvement, as a government auditor of the Commission on Audit
assignedtotheMinistryofEducationandCulture,togetherwithsomeofficers/employeesofthesaid
Ministry, the Bureau of Treasury and the Teachers Camp in Baguio City, in the preparation and
encashmentoffictitiousTCAAchecksfornonexistentobligationsoftheTeachersCampresultingin
damagetothegovernmentofseveralmillionpesos.Thefirstthirtytwo(32)caseswerefiledonJuly
25,1978.
In the meantime, petitioner ran for the post of municipal mayor of Amadeo, Cavite in the local
electionsheldinJanuary1980.Hewaselected.
OnMay30,1980,theSandiganbayanpromulgatedadecisionconvictinghereinpetitionerandsome
ofhiscoaccusedinallbutoneofthethirtytwo(32)casesfiledagainstthem.Whereupon,appeals
weretakentothisCourtandthecasesarenowpendingreviewinG.R.Nos.L5464576.
However,onMarch16,1982,BatasPambansaBlg.195waspassedamending,amongothers,Section
13ofRepublicActNo.3019.Thesaidsection,asamended,reads
"Sec. 13. Suspension of and Loss of Benefits. Any incumbent public officer against whom any
criminalprosecutionunderavalidinformationunderthisActorunderTitle7,BookIIoftheRevised
PenalCodeorforanyoffenseinvolvingfraudupongovernmentorpublicfundsorpropertywhether
asasimpleorasacomplexoffenseandinwhateverstageofexecutionandmodeofparticipation,is
pendingincourt,shallbesuspendedfromoffice.Shouldhebeconvictedbyfinaljudgmentheshall

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4/12/2016 G.R.Nos.61776to61861March23,1984REYNALDOR.BAYOTv.SANDIGANBAYAN,ETAL.:MARCH1984PHILIPPINESUPREMECOURTJ
lose all retirement or gratuity benefits under any law, but if acquitted, he shall be entitled to
reinstatementandtothesalariesandbenefitswhichhefailedtoreceiveduringsuspension,unlessin
themeantimeadministrativeproceedingshadbeenfiledagainsthim."

c r a la wv ir t u a 1 a wlib r a r y

Thereafter,inothercasespendingbeforetherespondentcourtinwhichhereinpetitionerisoneofthe
accused,theprosecutionfiledamotiontosuspendalltheaccusedpublicofficerspendentelitefrom
theirrespectiveofficesoranyotherpublicofficewhichtheymaybeoccupyingpendingtrialoftheir
cases.

c h a n r o b le s .c o m.p h : v ir t u a la wlib r a r y

On July 22, 1982, respondent court issued an order directing the suspension of all the accused
including herein petitioner "from their public positions or from any other public office that they may
beholding..."(p.26,Rollo).
Herein petitioner filed a motion for reconsideration alleging that "to apply the provision of Batas
Pambansa Blg. 195 to the herein accused would be violative of the constitutional guarantee of
protectionagainstanexpostfactolaw"(p.28,Rollo).Themotionwasdeniedbyrespondentcourtin
aresolutiondatedSeptember6,1982.Hence,thispetitionforcertiorari.

It is the submission of petitioner that respondent court acted without jurisdiction or in excess of
jurisdictionamountingtolackofjurisdictionorwithgraveabuseofdiscretioninsuspendingpetitioner
fromofficeasMayorofAmadeo,Cavite,pendentelitebecause
1. Republic Act 3019, otherwise known as the AntiGraft and Corrupt Practices Act, as amended by
BatasPambansaBlg.195,isapenalstatuteinwhichcasetheprovisionofsaidActmustbestrictly
construedinfavoroftheaccusedandagainsttheState

2. A close perusal of Batas Pambansa Blg. 195, as well as the proceedings therein of the Batas
Pambansa is absent of the legislative intent to have said Batas Pambansa Blg. 195 applied
retroactively
3.InthesuppositionthatBatasPambansaBlg.195istobeappliedretroactively,itsapplicationwould
violatetheConstitutionalprovisionagainstenactmentofexpostfactolawand,
4. Petitioner cannot be suspended to the position of which he was duly elected by the people of
Amadeo,Cavite,basedonanactwhichhasnothingtodowithhispresentposition.

March1984Jurisprudence
G.R. No. L32422 March 2, 1984 PEOPLE OF THE
PHIL.v.JUANCRISOLA
G.R.No.55628March2,1984ZOSIMOJ.PAREDES,
ETAL.v.EXEC.SEC.TOTHEPRESIDENTOFTHEPHIL.,
ETAL.

WefindnomeritinpetitionerscontentionthatSection13ofRepublicAct3019,asamendedbyBatas
PambansaBlg.195,whichincludesthecrimeofEstafathruFalsificationofPublicDocumentasamong
thecrimessubjectingthepublicofficerchargedtherewithwithsuspensionfromofficependingaction
incourt,isapenalprovisionwhichviolatestheconstitutionalprohibitionagainsttheenactmentofex
post facto law. Paragraph 3 of Article 24 of the Revised Penal Code clearly states that suspension
fromtheemploymentorpublicofficeduringthetrialorinordertoinstituteproceedingsshallnotbe
consideredaspenalty.Itisnotapenaltybecauseitisnotimposedasaresultofjudicialproceedings.
In fact, if acquitted, the official concerned shall be entitled to reinstatement and to the salaries and
benefitswhichhefailedtoreceiveduringsuspension.ThosementionedinparagraphNos.1,3and4
ofsaidArticle24aremerelypreventivemeasuresbeforefinaljudgment.Notbeingapenalprovision,
therefore, the suspension from office, pending trial, of the public officer charged with crimes
mentioned in the amendatory provision committed before its effectivity does not violate the
constitutional provision on ex post facto law. Further, the claim of petitioner that he cannot be
suspendedbecauseheispresentlyoccupyingapositiondifferentfromthatunderwhichheischarged
isuntenable.Theamendatoryprovisionclearlystatesthatanyincumbentpublicofficeragainstwhom
any criminal prosecution under a valid information under Republic Act 3019 or for any offense
involving fraud upon the government or public funds or property whether as a simple or as a
complex offense and in whatever stage of execution and mode of participation, is pending in court,
shallbesuspendedfromoffice.Thus,bytheuseoftheword"office"thesameappliestoanyoffice
which the officer charged may be holding, and not only the particular office under which he was
charged.
ACCORDINGLY,instantpetitionforcertiorariisherebyDISMISSEDforlackofmerit.
SOORDERED.
Makasiar, Aquino, Concepcion, Jr., Guerrero, Abad Santos, De Castro, MelencioHerrera, Plana,
EscolinandGutierrez,Jr.,JJ.,concur.
Fernando,C.J.andTeehankee,J.,areonleave.

G.R. No. L37146 March 5, 1984 PEOPLE OF THE

PHIL.v.EDWARDVALENZUELA
G.R. No. L39211 March 5, 1984 PEOPLE OF THE
PHIL.v.EUFROCINOATANACIO
G.R.Nos.L3996061March5,1984PEOPLEOFTHE
PHIL.v.FLORIANOT.BUYNAY,ETAL.
G.R. No. L44775 March 5, 1984 PEOPLE OF THE
PHIL.v.PRISCILLANOBADO

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G.R. No. 54952 March 5, 1984 REPUBLIC OF THE

PHIL.v.IGLESIANICRISTO,ETAL.

G.R. No. 57257 & Adm. Matter Nos. 1337Ret &

10468CFI March 5, 1984 ILUMINADA PONCE
BERCILES,ETAL.v.GSIS,ETAL.
G.R.No.59840March5,1984AMELIAC.CASIBANG
v.PHILIPPINETOBACCOADMINISTRATION,ETAL.
G.R. No. L38062 March 6, 1984 ALTO SALES
CORPORATIONv.GUARDSONR.LOOD,ETAL.
G.R.No.54000March6,1984PEOPLEOFTHEPHIL.
v.ESPERIDIONRECIMIENTO,JR.,ETAL.
G.R.No.64499March6,1984PEOPLEOFTHEPHIL.
v.FAUSTINOL.MARTINEZ
G.R. No. L33886 March 7, 1984 SOCIAL SECURITY
SYSTEMv.LEONORARELLANO,ETAL.
G.R. No. L46771 March 7, 1984 PEOPLE OF THE
PHIL.,ETAL.v.MARCELINOM.FRANCISCO,ETAL.
G.R. No. 56965 March 7, 1984 PACIFIC BANKING
CORPORATIONv.JACOBOC.CLAVE

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