IEC 61850: Sampled Values,

Publishing and Subscription

IEC 61850 Seminar

Dr. Alexander Apostolov
K02 03 20060309

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Introduction
IEC 61850 allows the development of a
new generation of distributed
applications
Distributed analogue values
applications are analysed in this
presentation
Devices conforming with the new
communications standard are available
from multiple vendors

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Optical CT Interface

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Analog Signal Processing in IED

Analog
Input
Module

Opto
Input
Module

Function
Module

Rela
Input
Module

Multifunction
ISD

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Analog Signal Processing

Function
Module
Data Bus
Analog
Input
Module

A/D
Converter

Multiplexer

Analog
Filters

Analog
Filters

Analog
Filters

Input
X-er

Input
X-er

Input
X-er

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Process Bus Mapping

Part 9-1 - Sampled values over serial
unidirectional multi-drop point to point link
Mapping of the core elements from the model for
transmission of sampled measured values
Use of IEEE 802.3

Part 9-2 Sampled values over ISO/IEC 8802-3

Mapping of the complete model for transmission of

sampled measured values and the model for generic

object oriented system events (GOOSE)

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Logical Interfaces
Remote control (NCC)

10

Technical Services

FCT. A

FCT. B

9
STATION LEVEL

1,6

1,6
8

3
PROT.

3
CONTR.

Remote
protection

CONTR.

2 Remote

BAY/UNIT LEVEL

4,5

4,5
Process Interface

PROT.

Sensors

protection

Actuators

PROCESS LEVEL

HV Equipment

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Logical Interfaces
IF1: protection-data exchange between bay
and station level
IF2: protection-data exchange between bay
level and remote protection
IF3: data exchange within bay level
IF4: CT and VT instantaneous data
exchange (especially samples) between
process and bay level
IF5: control-data exchange between
process and bay level

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Mapping to IEC 61850 9-2:

The mapping provides the capability to
concatenate more than one ASDU into
one APDU before the APDU is posted into
the transmission buffer.
The numbers of ASDUs are configurable
and related to the sample rate.

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Merging Unit

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Merging Unit Delay

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Sampled Values Based Model

TCTR
TVTR

Data Set and

SMV
Formatting
Merging Unit

Relay
Output
Module

Protection
LN

SMV
61850-9-1/2

Protection IED

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January 13, 2008

Sampled Values

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SV Model

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Substation
HMI

Gateway
to SCADA

Ethernet Network Station Bus

ISD

ISD

ISD

ISD

ISD

Ethernet Network Process Bus

PIU

PIU

PIU

PIU

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PIU

IEC 61850 Architecture

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IEC 61850 Architecture

Substation
HMI

Substation
Computer

Ethernet Switch

ISD

PIU

ISD

Gateway
to SCADA

Ethernet Switch

PIU

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ISD

IEC 61850 Architecture

Substation
HMI

Ethernet
Switch

Substation
Computer
Ethernet
Switch

Gateway
to SCADA

Ethernet
Switch

Ethernet
Switch
ISD

PIU

PIU
ISD

ISD

PIU
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IED Process Bus Interface

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Transmission of Sampled
Values
The data exchange shall be based on the
multicast application association.

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Transmission of Sampled
Values

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Distributed Analog Functions

Interface 4

Protection
Device

TCTR
Analog Interface Unit

PDIF

TVT
R

Logical
Connection n
Interface 4

Interface 4
Logical
Connection 2
Logical
Connection 1

TCTR
TCTR
Analog Interface Unit
Analog Interface Unit

TVT
R

TVT
R
Distributed analog
function

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Disturbance Recording

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Transmission systems waveform record

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SAV Waveform Recording

Object Model

TCTR
RADR
TVTR

Pxxx

XCBR

RDRE

RBDR

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Physical Layer
Fiber optic transmission over
100Base-FX full duplex with ST
connectors is recommended
Alternative: 100Base-FX with MTRJ
connectors
Alternative: 100Base-TX with RJ-45
connectors

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Time synchronization
Time synchronization is essential to any
event analysis system
There are two common ways of
synchronizing various devices to the same
clock source:
Synchronization over direct connection
Network synchronization

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IEC 61850 Time Synchronization

Accomplished using (SNTP) Simple Network Time
Protocol - a subset of NTP (Network Time Protocol).
NTP uses UTC (Universal Time Coordinated, Temps
Universel Coordonn) as reference time.
UTC is an official standard for the current time and
evolved from the former GMT (Greenwich Mean
Time).
The UTC second has been defined by the 13th
General Conference of Weights and Measures in 1967
as "The second is the duration of 9,192,631,770
periods of the radiation corresponding to the
transition between the two hyperfine levels of the
ground state of the cesium-133 atom."

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Time synchronization

SNTP accuracy is not sufficient for SAV

time synchronization

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Implementation Agreement

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Logical Merging Unit LMU

Logical Device LMU
LN IATCTR

LN UATVTR

Amp

Vol

LN IBTCTR

LN UBTVTR

Amp

Vol

LN ICTCTR

LN UCTVTR

Amp

Vol

LN Inm/cTCTR

LN Unm/cTVTR

Amp

Vol

LN LLN0
PhsMeas1

MSVCB01

IATCTR.Amp
IBTCTR.Amp
ICTCTR.Amp
Inm/cTCTR.Amp

DatSet = PhsMeas1
MsvID = MSVCB01
SmpRate = 80
NoASDU = 1

UATVTR.Vol
UBTVTR.Vol
UCTVTR.Vol
Unm/cTVTR.Vol

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RDRE Logical Node Data Objects

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Object Model Mapping

RDRE

RADR

RBDR

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Protection Applications Based

on SAV
Process
Merging Unit
Analog
Sensor

Status
Sensor

Sensor
Module

Input
Module

Protection IED
Interface
Module

Interface
Module

Function
Module

Outputs
Module

Process
Control

Interface
Module

Process

Control Interface Unit

Process

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IEC 61850 Process Bus

Based

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Interoperability Demo - CIGRE 2004

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Interoperability Demo at CIGRE 2004

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CT Saturation

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Advantages of Process Bus

Practical elimination of CT saturation
because of the elimination of the
current leads resistance.
CT knee-point voltage is a function of
the resistance of the different
components of the current circuit:
VK = f (RCT, RL, RRP)

VK = Required CT knee-point voltage (volts)

RCT = Resistance of CT secondary winding (ohms)
RL = Resistance of a single lead from relay to CT
RRP = Impedance of a relay phase current input

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Advantages of Process Bus

An additional benefit of process bus
based solutions is the improvements
of the safety of the substation
Elimination of one of the main safety
related problems - an open current
circuit condition. If this occurs while
the primary winding is energized, the
induced secondary e.m.f. under these
circumstances can be high enough to
present a danger to peoples life and
equipment insulation

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Advantages of Process Bus

Improves the flexibility of the protection
system.
Current circuits can not be easily
switched due to open circuit concerns
The above is not an issue with process
bus, because any changes will only
require modifications in the
subscription of the protection IEDs
receiving the sampled analog values
over IEC 61850 9-2.

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