Yeast are eukaryotic microorganisms classified in the kingdom Fungi, with 1,500 species currently

described. Yeast are unicellular and its size can vary greatly depending on the species, typically
measuring 3-4 m in diameter, although some yeasts can reach over 40 m. Most yeast reproduces
asexually by mitosis and mainly do so by an asymmetric division process called budding. They
involved in fermentation process. Yeast is used in baking and the alcohol in alcoholic beverages.

Yeast
suspension
and glucose
solution

Limewater

Based on diagram 1, plan and carry out the experiment to investigate the process of anaerobic
respiration in yeast.
Diagram 1 shows the sets up apparatus for this experiment. Carry out this experiment by using the
following steps:
1. Fill boiling tubes A with 5ml of yeast solution.
2. Add 15ml of boiled glucose solution to it.
3. Add a thin layer of paraffin oil into the boiling tubes.
4. Connect the stoppers with delivery tubes to their respective boiling tubes.
5. Fill the test tube with 2ml of limewater. Then place end of the delivery tube into the respective test
tubes.
6. Leave the set up for 15 minutes.
7. After 15 minutes record the final temperatures and observe the change in limewater.
8. Remove the stoppers and smell the gas that comes out from the boiling tubes.
Based on the experiment which has been carried out, answer the following questions.

(a) Construct a table and record your readings.

[ 3 marks]
(b) State why limewater turns cloudy.
..
...
[1 mark]
( c) Write the word equations of this experiment.
...
[2 mark]
(d) State a reason why the thin layer of paraffin oil is added in the boiling tube.
..
...
[1 mark]
(e) (i) Boiled the solution in boiling tube. Predict what will happen to the limewater.
..
...
[1 mark]
(ii) Give reason for your answer.

..
...
[2 mark]
(f) Based on this experiment, state the operational definition of fermentation.
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...
[2 marks]
(g) You are required to repeat this experiment without adding yeast suspension into the boiling tube.
Explain what happen to the limewater.
..
...
[2 marks]
(h) Based on this experiment, classify the list of apparatus and materials given.

[2 marks]
(i) State the following variables;
Manipulated variable
..
...
Responding variable
..
...
[2 marks]
(ii) State the hypothesis for the experiment in 1 (i).

..
...
...
[3 marks]

QUESTION 2
[ 10 marks]
2.

Set of gills are immersed into the water.

Observe the shape of the gills.

(a)(i). Draw and label your observation in the space provided.

Gills in the water

(1 mark)

(ii).

Remove the gills from the water and place it on the white tile. Draw and label your

Observation in the space provided.

Gills on the white tile

(1mark)
(iii).

Based on your answer in 2(a)(i),explain the condition of the gill in the water related to the rate
of respiration.

..
..
.
( 2 marks)
(b).

Based on your answer in 2(a), state two adaptations of the gills to ensure the efficiency of
gases exchange.

(2 marks)

(c)(i). The fresh water fish is placed in the sea water for an hour. By using your Biology knowledge,

predict what will happen to the fish?

..
..
..
(1 mark)
(ii).

Explain the process which occurs in 2(c)(i).

..
.

( 2 marks)

End of Question Paper