Universidade Estadual de Campinas

IMECC

Explicit Constructions over the Exotic 8-sphere

Llohann D. Speranca
(Joint work with C. Duran and A. Rigas)

: Financially supported by FAPESP - n.07953-8

Outline

?-Bundles

Outline

?-Bundles
Bredon-Duran-Gromoll-Meyer-Rigas

Outline

?-Bundles
Bredon-Duran-Gromoll-Meyer-Rigas
A Pull-back diagram for the Gromoll-Meyer construction

Outline

?-Bundles
Bredon-Duran-Gromoll-Meyer-Rigas
A Pull-back diagram for the Gromoll-Meyer construction
Results on the 8-sphere
Construction:
Isotopy
Linear S 7 -bundles

Definition and Main Theorem

Definition (?-bundle):
Let M be a G -manifold and M = Ui , Ui equivariant. Let
ij : Ui Uj G be conjugation equivariant, i.e.:
ij (g x) = g ij (x)g 1 ,
and P = fij Ui G be a bundle. Then P is called a ?-bundle
with transition maps ij .

Definition and Main Theorem

Definition (?-bundle):
Let M be a G -manifold and M = Ui , Ui equivariant. Let
ij : Ui Uj G be conjugation equivariant, i.e.:
ij (g x) = g ij (x)g 1 ,
and P = fij Ui G be a bundle. Then P is called a ?-bundle
with transition maps ij .

Theorem ?:

If P M is a ?-bundle then the action g ? (x, q) = (g x, qg 1 ) is

well-defined on P, free, and has quotient M 0 = c Ui .
ij

cij (x) = ij (x) x. The proof is

Here fij (x, q) = (x, qij (x)) and
based on the involution (x, q) 7 (q x, q 1 ).

Equivariant maps
Proposition 1 (Equivariant maps):
The following maps are smooth and conjugation equivariant:
: S3 S3 S3
(x, y ) 7 xy 1

b : S6 S3
w w

(, w ) 7
e
|w |
|w |

Equivariant maps
Proposition 1 (Equivariant maps):
The following maps are smooth and conjugation equivariant:
: S3 S3 S3
(x, y ) 7 xy 1

b : S6 S3
w w

(, w ) 7
e
|w |
|w |

I.e.:
(qx q, qy q) = q(x, y )
q
b(q
q , qw q) = qb(, w )
q.

Durans Theorem

Theorem 1 ([Duran 01]):

Furthermore, D 4 S 3 S 3 f S 3 D 4 S 3 , D 7 S 3 fb D 7 S 3
and Sp(2) are equivariantly diffeomorphic

Durans Theorem

Theorem 1 ([Duran 01]):

Furthermore, D 4 S 3 S 3 f S 3 D 4 S 3 , D 7 S 3 fb D 7 S 3
and Sp(2) are equivariantly diffeomorphic with respect to the
following well-defined S 3 S 3 actions:
(q1 , q2 ) (q2 ~x , q1 q
q2 ).
and
(q1 , q2 )
on Sp(2).

a c
b d

!
=

q2 a
q2 q2 c q1
q2 b
q2 q2 d q1

Picture

S3

S3

/ Sp(2)

/ S7

0
h

/ S4

a c
b d

q?

a c
b d

=
=

!
a c q
,
b d q
!
qa
q qc
.
qb
q qd

Picture

S3

S3

/ Sp(2)

/ S7

0
h

a c
b d

q?

a c
b d

=
=

!
a c q
,
b d q
!
qa
q qc
.
qb
q qd

/ S4

Corollary:
The spaces D 4 S 3 S 3 D 4 and D 7 b D 7 are diffeomorphic
to the Gromoll-Meyer sphere 7 (a generator of 7 Z28 ).

Picture

S3

S3

/ Sp(2)

/ S7

0
h

a c
b d

q?

a c
b d

=
=

!
a c q
,
b d q
!
qa
q qc
.
qb
q qd

/ S4

Corollary:
The spaces D 4 S 3 S 3 D 4 and D 7 b D 7 are diffeomorphic
to the Gromoll-Meyer sphere 7 (a generator of 7 Z28 ).
Remark: b C , generates 6 S 3 Z12 and D 7 bk D 7 = #k 7 .

Sp(2) via pull-back

h : S7 S4
(x, y ) 7 (|x|2 |y |2 , 2x y )

S 7 = D 4 S 3 (x,q)7(x,qx) D 4 S 3

Sp(2) via pull-back

h : S7 S4
(x, y ) 7 (|x|2 |y |2 , 2x y )

/ S7

Sp(2)


SO 7

Sp(2)

/ S7

/ S4
O

tori
2

S3 S3

S 7 = D 4 S 3 (x,q)7(x,qx) D 4 S 3

SO 7

Eb

/ S4
O

/ S3

equator

/ S3

S6

Sp(2) via pull-back

h : S7 S4
(x, y ) 7 (|x|2 |y |2 , 2x y )

/ S7

Sp(2)


SO 7

Sp(2)

/ S7

/ S4
O

tori
2

S3 S3

S 7 = D 4 S 3 (x,q)7(x,qx) D 4 S 3

SO 7

Eb

/ S4
O

/ S3

equator

/ S3

S6

Restatement of Theorem 1:
Sp(2) is a ?-bundle over S 7 with the action q (x, y ) = (qx q, qy q)
with trivialization maps or b and quotient 7 .

Pulling-back ?-bundles
f P


/P


/M

Pulling-back ?-bundles
f P


/P


/M

f P

N0

/P

f0


/ M0

Pulling-back ?-bundles
f P


/P

f P

/M

N0

/P

f0


/ M0

Theorem (Pull-back):
For Vi = f 1 (Ui ) we have that N 0 = df Vi and for each i a
ij
commutative diagram:
No


Mo

Vi


/ N0

f |Vi =f 0 |Vi f 0

Ui


/ M0

Pulling-back ?-bundles
f P

/P

f P

/M

N0

/P

f0


/ M0

Theorem (Pull-back):
For Vi = f 1 (Ui ) we have that N 0 = df Vi and for each i a
ij
commutative diagram:
No


Mo
h0

Vi


/ N0

f |Vi =f 0 |Vi f 0

Ui

7 S 4 is a linear S 3 -bundle.


/ M0

8-sphere:
Construction

f =E 5
H 3 qx q 7
H
y q

q( + y 1 iy )
q
qx q

8-sphere:
Construction

f =E 5
H 3 qx q 7
H
y q

E 11


S8

/ Sp(2)

/ S7

/ S7

/ S4

q( + y 1 iy )
q
qx q

8-sphere:
Construction

f =E 5
H 3 qx q 7
H
y q

E 11


S8

/ Sp(2)

/ S7

/ S7

/ S4

q( + y 1 iy )
q
qx q

E 11

f0

/ Sp(2)


/ 7

/ S7
h0

/ S4

8-sphere:
Construction

f =E 5
H 3 qx q 7
H
y q

E 11


S8

/ Sp(2)

/ S7

/ S7

/ S4

q( + y 1 iy )
q
qx q

E 11

f0

/ Sp(2)


/ 7

/ S7
h0

/ S4

Theorem (exotic 8-sphere):

8 = 3,4 (1, 1) 6= 0 8 , where 3,4 : 3 SO(4) 4 SO(3) 8 is
the Milnors pairing.

8-sphere:
Construction

f =E 5
H 3 qx q 7
H
e it y q

E 11


S8

/ Sp(2)

/ S7

/ S7

/ S4

q( + y 1 iy )
q
qx q

E 11

f0

/ Sp(2)


/ 7

/ S7
h0

/ S4

Theorem (exotic 8-sphere):

8 = 3,4 (1, 1) 6= 0 8 , where 3,4 : 3 SO(4) 4 SO(3) 8 is
the Milnors pairing.

8-sphere: an order 2 generator

E 11


S8

/ Sp(2)

/ S7

/ S7

Eb

/ S4

8-sphere: an order 2 generator

E 11


S8

/ Sp(2)

/ S7

S7

Eb

S4

E 11

/ S7


/ S4

S8

8-sphere: an order 2 generator

E 11


S8

/ Sp(2)

/ S7

S7

Eb

S4

E 11

/ S7


/ S4

S8

Theorem (isotopy):
Let t [0, ] and t : S 7 S 3 be given as
!
!
x
y 1 (cos ti + sin tj)y
y y 1 (cos ti+sin tj)y y
e
.
t
=b
=
|y |
|y |
y
x
Then
t : S 7 S 7 is an isotopy from a generator of 8 to its
inverse. Furthermore, it indeuces an explicit diffeomorphism
8 #8 S 8 .

8-sphere: linear S 7 -bundles

Remark: q (, x, y ) = (, qx q, y q) is in G2 so H : S 15 S 8
preserves it.

8-sphere: linear S 7 -bundles

Remark: q (, x, y ) = (, qx q, y q) is in G2 so H : S 15 S 8
preserves it.
!
!
O
q X H |X |2 |Y |2
3
7
O
qY
q 2X Y

8-sphere: linear S 7 -bundles

Remark: q (, x, y ) = (, qx q, y q) is in G2 so H : S 15 S 8
preserves it.
!
!
O
q X H |X |2 |Y |2
3
7
O
qY
q 2X Y

H E


S 15

/ E 11

/ S7


/ S8


/ S4

8-sphere: linear S 7 -bundles

Remark: q (, x, y ) = (, qx q, y q) is in G2 so H : S 15 S 8
preserves it.
!
!
O
q X H |X |2 |Y |2
3
7
O
qY
q 2X Y

H E


S 15

/ E 11

/ S7

/ S8

/ S4

/ E 11

H E

15

H0


/ 8

8-sphere: linear S 7 -bundles

Remark: q (, x, y ) = (, qx q, y q) is in G2 so H : S 15 S 8
preserves it.
!
!
O
q X H |X |2 |Y |2
3
7
O
qY
q 2X Y

H E


S 15

/ E 11

/ S7

/ S8

/ S4

/ E 11

H E

15

H0


/ 8

Theorem (Exotic Hopf map):

15 is diffeomorphic to S 15 . Furthermore H 0 : 15 8 defines a
linear S 7 -bundle over 8 with total space diffeomorphic to S 15 .

Proof.
Use the framming of H 1 (1, 0) S 15 induced by H and note that
15 = D 8 S 7 S 7 D 8 glued by this framming composed with
(X , Y ) 7 (X , b(f (X )) Y ). But
X 7 (Y 7 b(f (X )) Y ) SO(7) has order 2 in 7 SO(7) Z so
it does not affect any diffeomorphism class. The same can be
proved for the element correspondent to the framming.

Proof.
Use the framming of H 1 (1, 0) S 15 induced by H and note that
15 = D 8 S 7 S 7 D 8 glued by this framming composed with
(X , Y ) 7 (X , b(f (X )) Y ). But
X 7 (Y 7 b(f (X )) Y ) SO(7) has order 2 in 7 SO(7) Z so
it does not affect any diffeomorphism class. The same can be
proved for the element correspondent to the framming.
Remark: One can replace H : S 15 S 8 by any linear S 7 -bundle
over S 8 with total space homeomorphic to the 15-sphere. A
classification result gives:

Proof.
Use the framming of H 1 (1, 0) S 15 induced by H and note that
15 = D 8 S 7 S 7 D 8 glued by this framming composed with
(X , Y ) 7 (X , b(f (X )) Y ). But
X 7 (Y 7 b(f (X )) Y ) SO(7) has order 2 in 7 SO(7) Z so
it does not affect any diffeomorphism class. The same can be
proved for the element correspondent to the framming.
Remark: One can replace H : S 15 S 8 by any linear S 7 -bundle
over S 8 with total space homeomorphic to the 15-sphere. A
classification result gives:

Theorem (linear bundles over 8 ):

A homotopy 15-sphere fibers over the exotic 8-sphere with linear
S 7 as fibers if and only if it fibers in the same way over S 8 .

References
C. Duran, Pointed Wiedersehen Metrics on Exotic Spheres and
Diffeomorphisms of S 6 , Geometriae Dedicata 88 (2001).
C. Duran, A. Mendoza, A. Rigas, Blakers-Massey Elements and
Exotic Diffeomorphisms of S 6 and S 14 via Geodesics, Trans. Amer.
Math. Soc. 356, No. 12 (2004).
C. Duran, T. Puettmann, A. Rigas, An infinite family of
Gromoll-Meyer spheres, accepted for publishing.
C. Duran, A. Rigas, Equivariant homotopy and deformations of
diffeomorphisms, Differential Geometry and Its Applications, 27
(2009), 206-211.
D. Gromoll, W. Meyer, An exotic sphere with nonnegative curvature,
Ann. Math. 96 (1972), 413-443.
J. W. Milnor, On manifolds homeomorphic to the 7-sphere, Ann. of
Math. 64 (1956), 399-405.