Neo-primitivism was a Russian art movement which took its name from the 31-page

pamphlet Neo-primitivizm, by Aleksandr Shevchenko (1913). In the pamphlet Shevchenko proposes

a new style of modern painting which fuses elements of Czanne, Cubism and Futurism with
traditional Russian 'folk art' conventions and motifs, notably the russian icon and the lubok.
Neo-primitivism in the West is also used as a wider term to describe the work of artists/philosophers
who aspire to the ideology or aesthetic of primitivism. As a modern art form, neo-primitivism is a
radical and influential movement within the realm of body modification. As a political/social
movement, neo-primitivism is commonly associated with the author/philosopher John Zerzan, and is
closely linked, often interchangeably, with the Neo-tribalism movement.

FAUVISMa style of painting with vivid expressionistic and nonnaturalistic use of color that
flourished in Paris from 1905 and, although short-lived, had an important influence on
subsequent artists, especially the German expressionists. Matisse was regarded as the
movement's leading figure.
Dada or Dadaism was a form of artistic anarchy born out of disgust for the social, political and
cultural values of the time. It embraced elements of art, music, poetry, theatre, dance and
politics.

Surrealism was a cultural movement that began in the early 1920s, and is best known for its visual
artworks and writings. The aim was to "resolve the previously contradictory conditions of dream and
reality". Artists painted unnerving, illogical scenes with photographic precision, created strange
creatures from everyday objects and developed painting techniques that allowed the unconscious to
express itself.[1]
Surrealist works feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions and non sequitur;
however, many Surrealist artists and writers regard their work as an expression of the philosophical
movement first and foremost, with the works being an artifact. Leader Andr Breton was explicit in
his assertion that Surrealism was, above all, a revolutionary movement.
Surrealism developed largely out of the Dada activities during World War I and the most important
center of the movement was Paris. From the 1920s onward, the movement spread around the globe,
eventually affecting the visual arts, literature, film, and music of many countries and languages, as
well as political thought and practice, philosophy, and social theory.
Social realism, an international art movement, encompasses the work of painters, printmakers,
photographers and filmmakers who draw attention to the everyday conditions of the working class

and the poor; social realists are critical of the social structures which maintain these conditions.
While the movement's characteristics vary from nation to nation, it almost always utilizes a form of
descriptive or critical realism.[1]
Social realism should not be confused with socialist realism, the official Soviet art form that was
institutionalized by Joseph Stalin in 1934 and was later adopted by allied Communist parties
worldwide.[1]
Cubism is an early-20th-century avant-garde art movement that revolutionized
European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements
in music, literature and architecture. Cubism has been considered the most influential art movement
of the 20th century.[1][2] The term is broadly used in association with a wide variety of art produced in
Paris (Montmartre, Montparnasse andPuteaux) during the 1910s and extending through the 1920s.
The movement was pioneered by Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso, joined by Andre Lhote, Jean
Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Robert Delaunay, Henri Le Fauconnier, Fernand Lger and Juan Gris.[3] A
primary influence that led to Cubism was the representation ofthree-dimensional form in the late
works of Paul Czanne.[4] A retrospective of Czanne's paintings had been held at the Salon
d'Automne of 1904, current works were displayed at the 1905 and 1906 Salon d'Automne, followed
by two commemorative retrospectives after his death in 1907.[5]
In Cubist artwork, objects are analyzed, broken up and reassembled in an abstracted forminstead
of depicting objects from one viewpoint, the artist depicts the subject from a multitude of viewpoints
to represent the subject in a greater context.[6]
The impact of Cubism was far-reaching and wide-ranging. Cubism spread rapidly across the globe
and in doing so evolved to greater or lesser extent. In essence, Cubism was the starting point of an
evolutionary process that produced diversity; it was the antecedent of diverse art movements. [7]
In France, offshoots of Cubism developed, including Orphism, Abstract art and later Purism.[8][9] In
other countries Futurism,Suprematism, Dada, Constructivism and De Stijl developed in response to
Cubism. Early Futurist paintings hold in common with Cubism the fusing of the past and the present,
the representation of different views of the subject pictured at the same time, also called multiple
perspective, simultaneity or multiplicity,[10] while Constructivism was influenced by Picasso's
technique of constructing sculpture from separate elements.[11] Other common threads between these
disparate movements include the faceting or simplification of geometric forms, and the association of
mechanization and modern life.
Futurism (Italian: Futurismo) was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the early
20th century. It emphasized speed, technology, youth, and violence, and objects such as the car, the

aeroplane, and the industrial city. Although it was largely an Italian phenomenon, there were parallel
movements in Russia, England, and elsewhere. The Futurists practiced in every medium of art
including painting, sculpture, ceramics, graphic design, industrial design, interior design, urban
design, theatre, film, fashion, textiles, literature, music, architecture, and even gastronomy. Its key
figures were the Italians Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Umberto Boccioni, Carlo Carr, Gino
Severini, Giacomo Balla, Antonio Sant'Elia,Bruno Munari, Benedetta Cappa and Luigi Russolo, the
Russians Natalia Goncharova, Velimir Khlebnikov, Igor Severyanin,David Burliuk, Aleksei
Kruchenykh and Vladimir Mayakovsky, and the Portuguese Almada Negreiros. It glorified modernity
and aimed to liberate Italy from the weight of its past.[1] Cubism contributed to the formation of Italian
Futurism's artistic style.[2] Important Futurist works included Marinetti's Manifesto of Futurism,
Boccioni's sculpture Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, and Balla's painting Abstract Speed +
Sound (pictured). To some extent Futurism influenced the art movements Art
Deco, Constructivism, Surrealism, Dada, and to a greater degree Precisionism, Rayonism,
and Vorticism