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Right ascension
16h 27m 33.737s
Left: Representation of Hercules, taken from Uranographia by
Declination Johannes Hevelius, a star chart circa 1690
+27° 54′ 33.44″! Constelllation of Hercules in Zenith - Photograph © Till Credner and Sven Kohle
Taken from Moore, P., 2002. Philip's Astronomy Encyclopedia Fully rev.
and expanded ed., London: Philip's. Many cultures have associated Hercules with the heroic archetype, doing battle with Draco. He is particularly well described in Mesoptamia, from where the Greeks
would later obtain much of their science, mythology and cultural references.
When not hunting down other constellations, Hercules’ plays host to a in Babylon he was seen as the kneeling man. In their mythology it was represented as the heroic demigod, Gilgamesh, who was the main character in the Babylonian
plethora of stars, meteoric activity and exotic deep sky objects. Genesis. Gilgamesh stood on the head of the dragon (the constellation Draco) in the north. Interestingly, the Bible bears many resemblances to Gilgamesh’s story
(the Babylonian story predates the bible by at least 1500 years) . The Epic of Gilgamesh includes a world-wide flood, a fruit from a tree that grants great power
(Eden?) and a hero who is of partly-divine descent (the Nephilim of Genesis?)
Stars in Hercules
α Herculis (Ras Algethi, kneeler's head) is a red super-giant star about 600 times The Phoenicians called Hercules Melkarth or Melqart, after one of their gods (one of the stars, mu Her, is still called Melkarth). The astronomer priests of the
A ‘LESSER’ GLOBULAR CLUSTER?? the Sun's diameter. Like most red giants it is an erratic variable fluctuating between
Euphrates valley associated Hercules with their sun god. Melqart was often depicted as a bearded figure, wearing a high, rounded hat, a kilt and holding an Egyptian
ankh, the symbol of life. Under the name Malku he was equated with the Babylonian Nergal, god of the underworld and death.
magnitudes 3 and 4. It is actually a double star with a magnitude 5.4 blue-green
Right ascension: ! 17h 17m companion, visible in small telescopes. In Assyrian sources, Hercules was known as lzdubar or Gisdubar and written of in texts from 3000 BC. At that time he was connected with Sun worship. Another
heroic slayer of beasts, born the son of a king in Ourouk, he was cast out of his Kingdom to live in the wilderness. Speaking of his exploits to his mother he says in
07.27s! β Her (Kornephoros) is a magnitude 3.8 white star 140 light years away. It consists
prophetic speech; "I have dreamed a dream; the stars rained from heaven upon me; then a creature, fierce-faced and taloned like a lion, rose up against me, and I
smote and slew him." This epic poem is a relatively recent find in the west, having been discovered in 1871 by the Assyriologist, George Smith.
Declination: !+43° 08′ of a close pair of stars orbiting one another in about 14 months. A wide 10th
11.5″[1]! magnitude companion is probably not connected with the other two stars.
Distance: ! 26 kly (8 kpc)! γ Her is a magnitude 3.7 star nearly 200 light years away. It has a 9.9 magnitude
Apparent magnitude (V) ! +6.3! companion 42" from it.
Precise analysis of a high-resolution image of Schwassmann-Wachmann 3
(SW3) taken in May 2006 by the Subaru Telescope. It reveals that one
Apparent dimensions (V): δ Her (Sarin) is a magnitude 3.1 white star 91 light years away. Small telescopes chunk called Fragment B is split into at least 50 fragments. This is well more 1. Planetary Nebula: Are formed as a consequence of the actions of a gravitationally unstable giant star, in the later stages of its life. The nebula itself is made up of an expanding shell of
show a magnitude 8.8 star nearby, which is physically unrelated, making this a fine than the 13 estimated when the image was first released in 2006
! 14' arc minutes! example of an optical double.
ionized gas and plasma that once formed the star's outer layers, this shell is pushed outwards by the energetic solar wind and magnetic pulses of the star. Though not directly related
to planets, the term planetary nebulae was coined in the 18th century because of the resemblance of these objects to planets, when seen through a low quality telescope. This was
Celestial Showers in Hercules before the exact nature of planetary nebulae was known. Other famous examples include the Cat's Eye Nebula and the Ring Nebula. These are often aptly named; many of these
planetary nebulae bear striking resemblance to their individual namesakes. They are vitally important to the chemical evolution of the surrounding galaxies, creating heavier metals
From May, 19th, to June 19th, the meteor shower Tau Herculids becomes
from elemental hydrogen and helium, and expelling them into space.
It is located nine degrees northeast of M13, and six degrees directly north of pi Herculis. lying only ζ Her is a magnitude 3.1 white star 31 light years away, with a close magnitude 5.6 active. On June, 9th, the maximum occurs with about 4 meteors. The
2. Globular Cluster: A gravitationally bound group of stars which have formed a spherical shape. The stars orbit a common centre of mass, and increase in density with proximity to the
red companion orbiting the primary every 34.5 years. The stars are closest in 2001, parent comet of the Tau Herculids is Schwassmann-Wachmann 3. The
9.5 degrees northeast of the spectacular globular cluster M13, it is often overlooked in favour of but were widest in 1990. Since William Herschel first measured the binary star, meteor shower was first observed in May 1930, by the Kwasan
globular core. Though first observed in 1665 by Abraham Ihle, a German, it wasn't until Messier observed M4 in 1674 that individual stars were resolved within a globular. Such
clusters are often found in the halo of a galaxy, made up of low metal, older stars. They are much older than open clusters,. There is very little free dust and gas in these systems,
it's more spectacular cousin. more than six complete revolutions have taken place. Observatory in Kyoto, Japan. which is thought to have been taken up by the stars. Interestingly, due to the high volume of stars within these clusters, and complex gravitational interactions this causes, they are
thought to be unfavorable areas for planetary formation. It is believed that there are around 170 in the Milky way (with some yet undiscovered)
It shines with the light of 250,000 Suns from a distance of about 35,000 light years. 3. Edmund Halley: Born in Shoreditch in 1656, Halley was an English astronomer and physicist. A prodigious child with an interest in mathematics, he was the son of a wealthy
Hercules X-1
It was first discovered by Johann Elert Bode in 1777. He remarked; "A nebula. More or less round κ Her (Marfak) is a magnitude 5.0 yellow giant with a magnitude 6.3 companion Hercules X-1 (Her X-1), also known as 4U1656+35, is a moderately strong
businessman. After graduating from Oxford University in 1676 he spent the rest of his life in the pursuit of knowledge. Amongst his many achievements include pioneering work on
magnetic laws, attempts at scientifically dating Stonehenge, and studies of motions in the earth's atmosphere. In 1720 he was made the Astronomer Royal. He is perhaps best known
with pale glow. On this occasion, I also want to announce that on December 27, 1777 I have easily seen in small telescopes. The pair lie about 280 light years away. X-ray binary source discovered in 1973. It is composed of a rapidly rotating for computing the orbit of Halley's comet and persuading Isaac Newton to publish Principia, which was vital to the advancement of physics.
neutron star accreting matter from a 'normal' star (HZ Her) As it rips matter
discovered a new nebula in Hercules, not known to me..” ρ Her is a blue-white magnitude 4.5 star with a magnitude 5.5 companion lying 170 away from it’s larger partner, the pulsar gives off X Rays.
4. Charles Messier: Born in Badonviller, Charles Messier was the 10th of 12 children and the son of a Court Usher. A self made man who worked his way up from humble beginnings, he
started his astronomical career in 1751 in the employ of the astronomer of the French Navy. An extremely talented observer, and methodical in his note taking, in his prestigious
It was later independently rediscovered by Charles Messier on March 18, 1781 who commented that light years away. This is a fine binary for small apertures. The primary is a very
career most of his discoveries where made on a 4 inch telescope, which are a testament to his abilities. His first documented observation was of the transit of Mercury in 1753. In
1770 he was made a fellow of the French Academy Of Sciences. Many of the objects in his catalogue where discovered by his assistant, Pierre Mechain. His database, published is
it "...resembles the nucleus of a large Comet” close interferometric pair McA 48. 95 Her is a famous pair of stars lying 470 light The spectrum of Hercules X1 shows a periodicity of 1.2378 sec; this is the still in use, however it has been somewhat superseded by the New General Catalogue. He died in his 87th year, at his home in Paris.
time it takes for the pulsar to complete one spin. This is a common value
M92 is at a distance around 26,000 light-years away from Earth. It may have a mass of up to years away, suitable for small telescopes. A great many double star observers in
for pulsars . Every 1.7 days the signals stop. This is probably caused by
330,000 suns. the 19th Century estimated the colours from "apple green and cherry red" of Piazzi X1’s larger companion obscuring the X ray pulse. The system lies in a
Smith to both pure white. Colour estimates with older refracting telescopes were distance of about 20000 lightyears from us. X1’s mass has been
It is visible to the naked eye under very good conditions.
rather unreliable and the stars appear pale and deep yellow. determined to be 0.9 +/- 0.4 solar masses.
M92 makes a triangle with the two northernmost stars in the keystone. It could be imagined as where
Hercules' head would be. 95 Her is a pair of 5th magnitude stars with a separation of 6.3". They were first
References
It is a Class IV globular on the Shapley-Sawyer scale, which ranges from I, for highly concentrated measured by F Struve in 1829. During the 19th century there were reports of
clusters, to XII for the least concentrated fluctuating colours, but now they are seen as an identical coloured yellow pair. Babe, G., 2007. BBC - h2g2 - Constellations: Hercules 'the Strongman'. BBC DNA. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A29778916 [Accessed April 19, 2010].
The precession of Earth's axis will cause M92 to become our "North Cluster" or "Polarissima Stars in Hercules information Credited to Paul Rodmell - http://www.rasnz.org.nz/Stars/Hercules.htm
Cox, S., 2010. Observing M13 in the Constellation Hercules. HubPages.com. Available at: http://hubpages.com/hub/Obsreving-M13-in-the-Constellation-Hercules [Accessed April 19, 2010].
Borealis" in about 14,000 years, as it was previously, about 12,000 years ago. Isbell, D., 2001. Rare Spherical Planetary Nebula Provides Step Toward Accurate Measurement of Chemical Compositions in Stars. National Optical Astronomy Observatories News. Available at: http://www.noao.edu/outreach/press/pr01/pr0102.html
[Accessed April 20, 2010].
M 92 has a reputation as being among the oldest of globular clusters, and is also one of the most Kaler, J., 2004. Heroic Stars. University Of Illinois. Available at: http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/heroic.html [Accessed April 19, 2010].
metal poor, its iron content well under one percent. Plotner, T., 2009. Messier 92. Universe Today. Available at: http://www.universetoday.com/guide-to-space/messier-objects/messier-92/ [Accessed April 19, 2010].
Artist’s impression of an X-ray binary system
M92 is approaching us at 112 km/sec. © Fahad Sulehria, www.novacelestia.com
Russell, A., Art Russell's Monthly Messier Star-Hop; September #2. Available at: http://education.gsu.edu/spehar/FOCUS/Astronomy/star-hop/Monthly/msh09-2.htm [Accessed April 19, 2010].
Smith, D., 2000. Hercules. dibonsmith.com. Available at: http://www.dibonsmith.com/her_con.htm [Accessed April 19, 2010].
Its fainter stars can be seen when “averted vision” is used - just look slightly away from the Welton, S., 2009. Visual Astronomy: Constellation Showcase: Hercules. Visual Astronomy. Available at: http://www.visualastronomy.com/2009/07/constellation-showcase-hercules.html [Accessed April 19, 2010].
centre of the cluster! Whitehouse, D., 2001. BBC News | SCI/TECH | 'Soap bubble' space clue. BBC News. Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1134888.stm [Accessed April 20, 2010].
Whitt, K., 2008. Observing the Stars of Hercules: The Constellation of the Strong Man. Suite101.com. Available at: http://stargazing.suite101.com/article.cfm/observing_the_stars_of_hercules [Accessed April 19, 2010].
Jack Oughton