MALAVIYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

JAIPUR (RAJ.)

SARASWATI TECHNICAL SERVICES

PVT. LTD. JAIPUR (RAJ.)

PROJECT REPORT
ON
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
AT
SARASWATI TECHNICAL SERVICES
PVT. LTD.
JAIPUR (RAJ.)

(TRAINING PERIOD: 15 MAY 2016 - 31JUNE 2016)

SUBMITTED TO:MNIT, JAIPUR

(CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT )

SUBMITTED BY:NAME- MAHESH KUMAR SUKHADIYA

ID- 2013UCE1317
BATCH- C2

CONTENT

S.NO

DESCRIPTION

1.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

PAGE NO

4
2.

ABOUT ORGANIZATION

5-7

3.

PROJECT DETAILS

8-12

4.

NEED OF THE PROJECT

13-15

5.

DESIGN CRITERIA

16-22

6.

POPULATION PROJECTION

23-30

7.

PROJECT DESIGN

31-39

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is indeed a great pleasure and privilege to present this report on training at
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT,MNIT JAIPUR.
I am also thankful to Prof. Ghunwant Sharma (Head of Civil Engineering
Department, N.I.T Jaipur) for giving me constant motivation in exploring
Civil Engineering

I am extremely grateful to my training and placement officer for issuing a Training

letter, which made my training possible at STS INFRA PVT. LTD,JAIPUR.
I would like to express my gratitude to Er AGAM MATHUR for his
invaluable suggestions motivation,guidance and support through out the training.
His methodology to start from simple and then deepen through made me to
bring out this project report without anxiety.
I extended my due to Er. RAJESH GANGWAL who gave mevaluable time
and suggestions and guide me a lot at various stages of my Summer Training.

Thanks to all other STS INFRA PVT. LTD. officials, operators and all
other members of the company, yet uncounted for their help in completing
the project and see the light of success.
I am very thankful to friends, colleagues and all other persons who
rendered their assistance directly or indirectly to complete this project work
successfully.

Dated- July 2016

MAHESH KUMAR SUKHADIYA

ABOUT ORGANISATION
INTRODUCTION

Saraswati Technical Services (STS) is a leading consultant for various

multi disciplinary engineering and infrastructure services from
conceptualization to maintenance in Environment and Water Infrastructure
projects with over 18 years of experience. STS has a cutting edge owing to its
conceptualizing ability - visionary thinking and the capability to execute the
vision in real time. Our vision is to create a mark in the Environment &
Water Infrastructure sector. This vision is supported by its core strengths innovative in-house designs and engineering solutions, highly skilled team of
professionals complimented by its dedication to cutting edge technology
through a strong Information Technology focus. The Group has an
impeccable record of accomplishment in delivering highest levels of quality,
almost nil cost overruns and on-time delivery. With the rapidly changing
environmental landscape there is an urgent need for companies to Become
"Green". The STS group aims at providing the "Environmentlogy" with its
innovative Green & Blue Solutions to solve the changing globes
environmental conditions. Global Warming and the Water scarcity have
created a situation where all companies today stand the moral duty of
preparing themselves to be more "greener" and environment friendly. The
STS group with the vision of its Leaders aim at progressing on the path of
Corporate Social Responsibility and provide these Solutions for the Future

OUR VISIONS

To be the environmental consultancy of choice, worldwide

To be the company for which every environmental professional wants
to work, and
To be the best: most innovative, most exciting, with the best technical
and financial performance.

OUR VALUES:

Client focus: we value entrepreneurial, innovative and client-orientated

behavior
Accountability: we are each personally accountable and jointly
responsible for the success of STS and for the delivery of quality work
to our clients
Transparency: we expect the highest level of ethical behavior and
personal integrity in all our transactions in accordance with our STS
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
Empowerment: we will help all our people to realize their potential
Collaboration: we are one organization globally: we believe in the
principles of partnership, respect for each and every individual and
mutual support across the world

SECTORS OF OPERATION:
Saraswati Technical Services (STS) provides innovations and solutions in
Environment and Water Infrastructure projects. With the increasing Global
Warming , more and more areas are becoming water stressed and it will be
challenging to optimally utilize the scarce resources of fresh water.STS group
aims to work with the Governments/Semi-Governments/Private
Organizations/Citizens and develop Policies, Programs, Projects and
Strategies to ensure availability of water to the society with various
requirements. Our various services are :
INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING

We have years of experience in infrastructure planning that take into account

the anticipated development of infrastructure, external to the project area and
the requirements for infrastructure arising from the project itself. These cover
elements such as roads, Water supply, Waste Water and Sewage Treatment.

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT

Our detailed project reports (DPRs) are comprehensive documents that can
be used as a basis for investment decision making, approval of plans and
designs, project planning, and implementation scheduling for all types of
infrastructure projects.
6

DESIGN AND ENGINEERING

Being one of the largest design and engineering houses of the country, many
clients come to us for comprehensive design and engineering services. These
services cover preliminary design, detailed design, detailed engineering, and
the production of engineering drawings.

STRATEGIC PLANNING

We help clients plan and think through the direction of their organizations'
future course, typically over a 5 to 10 year period. We also help clients
determine their current situation, define goals/objectives, plan routes to
achieving the goals/objectives and envision a desired end state.

BUSINESS PLANNING

Many clients come to us draw up a formal statement of business goals and

plans for reaching these goals. Typically, these include all elements such as
markets, competition, finances and human capital required.

FEASIBILITY

We undertake feasibility studies to determine and document a project's

viability and to help its clients make a decision-whether or not to proceed
with the project. Typical feasibility studies cover elements such as markets,
competition, project cost, revenue projections, returns, risks and the legal and
regulatory environment.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

We strongly support the fact that innovation will play a big role in solving the
world's toughest Water & Environment problems. For innovators and
entrepreneurs who are launching new innovative startups in infrastructure, we
provide a complete range of services - consulting, engineering, and project
management. We are also called upon by SPVs, holding companies, and
corporates for integrated program management services.

PROJECT DETAIL

1. PROJECT DETAIL

1.1. PROJECT BACKGROUND

Providing basic services (e.g. water supply, sewerage,
urban transport) to households and building amenities in cities which will
improve the quality of life for all, especially the poor and the disadvantaged
is a national priority. Government of India has launched AMRUT Mission for
providing infrastructural facilities related to Water Supply, Sewerage,
Drainage, Transportation and Green Spaces. Under this mission, 25 towns are
identified in State of Rajasthan, including Kishangarh town of Ajmer District.

1.2. AMRUT YOJANA

The purpose of Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation
(AMRUT) is to
i.

Ensure that every household has access to a tap with assured supply of
water and a sewerage connection;

ii.

Increase the amenity value of cities by developing greenery and well

maintained open spaces (e.g. parks); and

iii.

Reduce pollution by switching to public transport or constructing

facilities for non-motorized transport (e.g. walking and cycling).

All these outcomes are valued by citizens, particularly women, and indicators
and standards have been prescribed by the Ministry of Urban Development
(MoUD) in the form of Service Level Benchmarks (SLBs).

1.3. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT:The Mission will focus on the following Thrust Areas:
i.

water supply,

ii.

sewerage facilities and seepage management,

iii.

storm water drains to reduce flooding,

8

iv.

pedestrian, non-motorized and public transport facilities, parking

spaces, and

v.

enhancing amenity value of cities by creating and upgrading green

spaces, parks andrecreation centers, especially for children.

The details of the Mission components for water supply sector are
given below.
i.

Water supply systems including augmentation of existing water supply,

water treatment plants and universal metering.

ii.

Rehabilitation of old water supply systems, including treatment plants.

iii.

Rejuvenation of water bodies specifically for drinking water supply

and recharging of ground water.

iv.

Special water supply arrangement for difficult areas, hill and coastal
cities, including those having water quality problems (e.g. arsenic,
fluoride)

1.4. SCOPE OF WORK

The scope of work, as outlined in the consultancy assignment awarded by CE
(HQ), PHED, Rajasthan, is outlined as below;
In AMRUT program water supply schemes are to be proposed for new,
augmentation & rehabilitation of water supply system, rejuvenation of water
bodies for water supply & recharge of ground water with objectives of
Reduction in non-revenue water (NRW), Improvement in water supply service
level, Water supply connection to every house hold & 100% metering with
AMR meters.
The scope of work for project preparation shall be as under;
1. Establishing gap between existing (2011) water demand and water
supply of the town.
2. Establishing the prospective water demand for the town in 2045.
3. Establishing the water balance in 2045 based on the prospective
demand and the expected sustainable discharge of the existing and
newly proposed water resources.
9

4. Development of concept of prospective schemes to fulfill the water

demand in 2045.
5. Preparation of block cost estimates for the prospective scheme.
6. Reduction in non-revenue water (NRW).
7. Improvement in water supply service level.
8. Water supply connection to every house hold.
9. 100% metering with AMR meters.

2. SOCIO ECONOMY PROFILE:

2.1 GENERAL

Kishangarh is an important city in Ajmer district in Rajasthan. It lies 18 miles

north-west of Ajmer. It is well connected via Indian Railways and National
Highway No.8. History of Kishangarh dates back to 1611AD. It is the birth
place of the Kishangarh style of painting, which is known for the beautiful
depiction of a courtesan known as BaniThani. It is purported to be the only
place in the world with a temple of nine planets. Rupgarh Fort and
PhoolMahal Palace are great Tourist attraction. In recent years, Kishangarh
has come to be known as the marble city of India.
It is 433m above MSL. Kishangarh City is important on 2 accounts:
A large Sub-Divisional Headquarter in the District. It is the 2nd largest
City in Ajmer district.
Kishangarh is known as Marble City in the State of Rajasthan.

10

11

2.2 DEMOGRAPHY

The 2001 Census population of Kishangarh was 116222 and 2011 Census
indicates a population of 155019 souls. The decadal growth in 01-11 decade
is 33.38%, which is much higher than average urban growth rate of the
district during 01-11 decade, viz. 18.48%. In last decades since 1971-81 the
observed growth rates were 65.44, 32.11 and 41.22%. It indicates that the
town still has potential left for faster growth while compared with growth rate
of the other 2(two) cities in the district, viz. Ajmer and Beawar. Males
constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Kishangarh has an
average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male
literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 64%. In Kishangarh, 12% of the
population is under 6 years of age.

Year

Population

Difference

% Difference

1901

12663

1911

10418

2245

-17.73

1921

9452

-966

-9.27

1931

11929

2477

26.21

1941

14459

2530

21.21

1951

25696

9237

77.72

1961

25244

-452

-1.76

1971

37405

12161

48.17

1981

62032

24627

65.84

1991

81948

19916

32.10

2001

116222

34274

41.82

2011

155019

38797

33.38

Table No.-3.1: Population growth trend during the period 1901-2011

12

NEED OF THE PROJECT

4.1 GENERAL

Water supply system of Kishangarh town is falling short in terms of both the
infrastructure & the service delivery. Present water transmission capacity to
Kishangarh town from Nasirabad P.S. is limited to 16 MLD against present
water demand of more than 26 MLD .Outer areas of the town are not covered
and the water supply in the covered area is for very small duration and at low
pressure.
1.

Major Issues requiring intervention

As the things stand, there is wide gap in the infrastructure available and that
required to meet the present demand. Similarly there is large gap in the
benchmark parameters of service level and the actual service delivery. The
major issues beleaguering the Kishangarh water supply & need immediate
attention are described below;
1.

Low Service Levels

The present service levels in terms of supply in liters per capita per day is
much below than the standard service level as prescribed by CPHEEO
Manual of Water Supply & Treatment. The low service level adversely
affects the life style of citizens in terms of health, hygiene & environment.
2.

Low Pressures

Owing to hydraulic inadequacy of distribution system, a large part of town

especially the tail end areas of network are experiencing very low pressures.
Large number of consumers are resorting to online boosting from public
network, digging up pits to get water supplies. These inappropriate methods
adversely affects the network hydraulics and increased instances of pollution.
3.

Small Duration

Presently, the water is being supplied in the town for 1-3 hours. Intermittent
supply has its own disadvantage requiring greater capital investment due to
oversizing of system, increased instances of pollution etc. Moreover, with

13

limited duration of supply, consumer tends to store the water for their water
requirement during rest of the day which will unnecessarily increase wastage.
4.

Uncovered Area

The town has witnessed unprecedented progress in last 2-3 decades and
consequently experienced large horizontal expansion. These newly developed
area on the outskirts of core habitation are still uncovered with departmental
water supply networks. They are forced to fulfill their water demand through
spot sources such as hand pumps, private wells etc or to private water
suppliers. The water from these sources is unsafe and highly uneconomical.
5.

Poor Asset Conditions

A large part of water supply assets such as pipes, valves, pumps, buildings
are installed way back and are in poor condition and requiring immediate
rehabilitation and/or replacement. The leaky pipes disrupts normal water
supply recurrently and only adds to non-revenue water. Similarly, old pumps
are operating off their BEPs and highly energy inefficient adding to O&M
costs.
6.

Management Issues

For successful operation any water supply utility, the integrated management
of whole water supply system in single most important issue. The operation
in department are often not consumer centric. The major sectors which need
attention are as below;

Bulk Metering
Most of the bulk supplies i.e. supply received from transmission systems,
supplies to Clear Water Reservoirs & Overhead Service Reservoirs,
pumping station delivery lines etc are not adequately metered. This will
make it impossible to monitor operational efficiencies.

Consumer Metering
Most of the consumer meters are not functional. Even the functional
meters are mostly inaccurate and not duly calibrated. A large number of
consumers have flat rate connection without any water meter. This poor
metering led to inadequate revenue assessment & realization. Absence of
proper metering fails to motivate the consumer for water conservation.

14

Non-Revenue Water
The present extent of non-revenue water in water supply system is very
high and reach up to 30-50%. The old & dilapidated pipes, poor
maintenance systems, poor monitoring of reservoir levels, poor response
to leakages & bursts, inadequate metering etc all adds to non-revenue
water. This increased non-revenue water make the entire operations
financially unfeasible.

Maintenance Contracts
The existing maintenance contracts for pipe leakage repairs, pump repairs
etc are not linked with performance indicators. This often leads to poor &
inefficient maintenances, poor monitoring etc.

Consumer redresses system

The entire operations in water supply system of town are productioncentric instead of consumer-centric. The process of consumer complaint
registration, work order placement, its tracking, updation of progress etc
is ad hoc and unplanned. This often
leads to poor response to consumer complaints. There are no consumer
friendly customer care centers similar to BSNL etc.

15

DESIGN CRITERIA

5.1 GENERAL

The objective of a public protected water supply system is to supply safe and
clean water in adequate quantity, conveniently and as economically as
possible on sustainable basis. Engineering decisions are required to specify
the area and population to be served, the design period, the per capita rate of
water supply, other water needs in the area, the nature and location of
facilities to be provided, the utilization of centralized or multiple points of
treatment facilities and points of water supply intake and waste water
disposal. Optimization may call for planning for a number of phases relating
to plant capacity and the degree of treatment to be provided by determining
the capacities for several units, working out capital cost required, interest
charges, and period of repayment of loan, water tax and water rate. The
assumptions/guide lines adopted mainly relate to Per capita water supply,
design period, population forecast, measurement of flow, water treatment,
specifications of materials, water quality standards etc.
The design criteria are adopted from number of sources as follows;
Manual of Water Supply & Treatment Published by CPHEEO
Various Indian Standards
Various Standard Textbooks
The main design criteria adopted are described in following sections.
5.2 DESIGN PERIOD

D&S, PHED Guidelines recommends following design periods for Surface

water based schemes:
Table 5.1 Design Periods as per PHED Guidelines
Design
period in
years

S No.

Parameter

i.

Design period for Filter Plant excluding administrative block, 15 years

chlorination building , space be left for expansion
16

ii.

Design period for Pump machinery & allied equipment, excluding 15 years
size of puddle collars, common suction header/ sump, earthing.

iii.

Design period for civil works (Pump houses, reservoirs) & pipeline

30 years

Note:
i. The capacities of various components calculated on above basis shall be subjected to
water reservation for drinking purpose.
ii. Design period for long transmission pipelines (15 years/30 years) shall be decided for
individual schemes keeping in view the availability of ROW (right of way), sizing of pipe
line for 15 years and 30 years, availability of funds etc. Possibility of 1 line /2 parallel
lines shall also be evaluated on techno-economic basis.
Moreover, it further recommends following design period for Urban Water Supply
Schemes;
Table 5.2 Design Period as per CPHEEO Manual
S No.

Parameter

Design
period
years

1.

Storage by dams.

50

2.

Infiltration works.

30

3.

Pumping:
i.

Pump House (civil works)

30

ii.

Electrical motor and pumps.

15

4.

Water treatment units.

15

5.

Pipe connections to several treatment units and other small 30

appurtenances.

6.

Raw water and clear water conveying mains.

7.

Clear water reservoirs at the head works, balancing tanks and 15

service reservoirs ( Overhead or ground level)

8.

Distribution system.

30

30

17

in

The design periods as per above recommendation are adopted. The only
exclusion is design period for capacity of Elevated Service Reservoirs, which
is adopted as 30 years for hydraulic zones where land is not available for
construction of ESR in future.

5.3 DESIGN POPULATION

D&S, PHED guidelines recommends following for population forecast that

To adopt population of census 2011 for design of rural and urban water
supply schemes/projects.
For Urban Schemes, Population projection shall be worked out
considering all the factors governing the future growth and
development of the towns/ cities in the industrial, commercial,
educational, social and administrative spheres. Special factors causing
sudden emigration of influx of population shall also be foreseen to the
extent possible. Various methods of population forecast are mentioned
in the Manual and suitable method for forecasting of populations of a
town shall be adopted in view of factors mentioned above. Census
figures available from 1951 and up to 2011 shall be suitably considered
for future population projection.
In population forecast for Kishangarh town, the base population is adopted
from census population of year 2011. Various population projection methods
are used in forecasting the town population for future years.
5.4 PER-CAPITA DEMAND

The recommendations of D&S PHED guidelines for Rate of Water Supply in

Urban towns is as follows;
Rate of water supply in urban area shall be adopted as under:
Towns/cities provided with piped water supply where
sewerage scheme is existing/ contemplated

:135 lpcd

Towns/cities provided with piped water supply where

earlier scheme / augmentation of scheme was
designed with 100 lpcd.

:100 lpcd

Towns provided with piped water supply but without

:70 lpcd

18

sewerage.
These recommendation are same as that included in CPHEEO Manual. This
is inclusive of minor demand for commercial & industrial purposes.
Demand for industrial purpose has not been allotted for storage of water at
the source i.e. at Bisalpur where water reservation is available for demand up
to the year 2025 only. It is proposed that the water demand for the industrial
processes be met out of recycled water.
5.5 SYSTEM LOSSES
The recommendations regarding additional provision for water in water supply systems by
D&S, PHED guidelines are as follows;

Table 5.3 System Losses

S
Parameter
No.

Percentage

i.

Max Allowable Losses in pipe network

15 %

ii.

Filter losses

3%

iii.

Raw Water Reservoir losses

4%

iv.

Institutional & other demands (to be met from nearest PS)

10%

In this project, System losses have been considered @ 15 % and duly accounted for in the
hydraulic design of distribution system & the capacities of the reservoirs.

5.6 PEAK FACTOR

The following peak periods are recommended by CPHEEO manual for various population
figures:
Table No.-5.4: Peak Factors for Distribution System
SNo.

Population Size

Peak Factor

For Population less than 50,000

3.0

For a population range of 50,000 to 2,00,000

2.5

For Population above 2,00,000

2.0
19

SNo.
4

Population Size

Peak Factor

For small water supply schemes (Where supply

is effected through standposts for only 6 hours

3.0

5.7 RESIDUAL HEAD

D&S PHED Guidelines recommends adoption of provisions of CPHEEO

Manual for Minimum Terminal Pressure.
CPHEEO manual on water supply recommends that piped water supplies
should be designed on continuous 24 hours basis to distribute water to
consumers at adequate pressure at all points. The terminal pressure at ferrule
point is specified as 7m for direct supply in single storey buildings, 12m for 2
storey buildings and 17m for 3 storeyed buildings in the above manual.
Continuous 24 hours water supply is ideal on following grounds amongst
others:
i.

It provides the most economical project design and best utilization of

resources.

ii.

It ensures that there is no intrusion of pollution in the distribution

system thus ensuring quality of water distributed.

iii.

It provides high level of consumer satisfaction.

iv.

It saves from substantial indirect costs on local storages and

purification/disinfections equipment to be provided at consumer end by
the consumers.

In view of above it is proposed to design the system for continuous 24 hours

water supply shall be provided with a minimum terminal pressure of 12m as
buildings are mostly single or two storeyed.
5.8

PIPE MATERIAL

Pipe material for distribution system is proposed to be adopted as per the pipe
policy offered by PHED.
As per the policy, HDPE pipes is used for non-rocky strata and DI pipe is
used for rocky strata.

20

5.9

PIPE DIAMETER

The recommendations of Manual of Water Supply by CPHEEO in regards to

minimum pressure requirement in distribution system are as follows:
Minimum Pipe sizes of 100 mm for towns having population up to 50000 and
150 mm for those above 50000 is recommended. For dead ends, less than 100
mm can be considered. If it is a grid, less than 100 mm can be used in
situations where no further expansion is contemplated.
Whereas D&S, PHED guidelines recommends following;
Pipe line network of pipe water supply scheme shall be designed as per
criteria laid down in chapter 10 of CPHEEO manual. Minimum size of pipe
line in distribution network shall be 80/90 mm.
As individual water distribution zone proposed in this project is not more
than 10000 populations, it is proposed to use a minimum diameter of 100
mm.

5.10

HAZEN - WILLIAMS COEFFICIENT

For determination of hydraulic gradient in water carrying closed conduits, it

is proposed to use modified Hazen-Williams formula.
The head loss formula for circular conduits is as follows:
.

( )

. .

Where,
h: Friction head loss in conduit,
L: Length of Conduit in meters,
Q: Flow in Conduit in Cum/sec
Cr: Modified Hazen Williams Roughness Coefficient
D: Diameter of circular conduit in meters.
Coefficient of Roughness
The coefficient of roughness as recommended by Manual of Water Supply
and Treatment by CPHEEO is as follows:
21

Table No.-5.5: Coefficient of Roughness for different pipe materials

Size(mm)
SN

From

To

Cr Value for
New

Material

Cr Value for Design

Period of 30 years

RCC

100

2000

1.00

1.00

AC

100

600

1.00

1.00

HDPE/PVC

20

100

1.00

1.00

CI/DI
positive
Index)

(with
Langlier

100

1000

1.00

0.85

CI/DI
(with
negative
LanglierIndex)

100

1000

1.00

0.53

Metallic
Pipes
(with
negative
Langlier Index)

100

2000

1.0

1.0

5.11

FLOW VELOCITY

The maximum velocity is normally restricted to prevent resulting scouring

effect on pipe material. With improvement in pipe material qualities, the
scouring effect no longer remains major consideration in design of water
pipelines. However, a maximum velocity of 3.0 m/s is adopted.
5.12

HEAD LOSS GRADIENT

It is proposed to keep the head loss gradient below 10 m / 1000 meters.

22

POPULATION PROJECTION

6.1 POPULATION PROJECTION BY VARIOUS METHODS

Population data of past decades for the town is given in the following table
and the graphical representation of same is provided in form of bar chart;
Table No.-6.1: Population Data During The past Decades
Population
Increase/
Decrease

Incremental
Increase

Decaded
Growth
Rate %

S.NO.

Year

Population

1901

12663

1911

10418

1921

9452

1931

11929

1941

14459

1951

25696

1961

25244

1971

37405

12161

1981

62032

24627

12466

65.84

10

1991

81948

19916

-4711

32.11

11

2001

116222

34274

14358

41.82

12

2011

154886

38664

4390

33.27

23

48.17

Population Growth Graph

Population Growth : 1901 - 2011

180000

Population ( Nos)

160000
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

Years

Figure No 6.1

As per terms of reference, the design horizon has been kept as the year 2045.
Population projections have been made for the years, 2021, 2031, 2041 and
2045 using various methods prescribed in the CPHEEO Manual for water
supply. The design population has been estimated by considering all the
factors governing the future growth and development of the project area in
the industrial, commercial, educational, social, and administration spheres. A
judgment based on these factors has been made in selecting the most suitable
method of deriving the probable trend of the population growth in the area or
the project from the following mathematical methods, graphically interpreted
where necessary:
a) Arithmetic increase method
This method is generally applicable to large and old cities. In this method, the
average increase of population per decade is calculated from the past records
and added to the present population to estimate population in the next decade.
This method gives a low value and is suitable for well-settled and established
communities. Following table shows the projected population for future years
by this method;
Table No.-6.2: Population Projection By Arithmetic Increase Method
Year

2011

2021

2031

2041

2045

Population

154886

180814

206742

232670

243041

24

b)

Geometrical increase method

In this method, the percentage increase is assumed as the rate of growth and
the geometric mean of the percentage increase is used to determine the
increment in future population. This method gives a higher value and is
applicable to growing towns and cities having a vast scope of expansion.
Following table shows the projected population for future years by this
method;
Table No.-6.3: Population Projection by Geometric Increase Method
Year
Population

c)

2011
154886

2021
220991

2031
315310

2041
449885

2045
518617

Incremental increase method

In this method, the increment in arithmetical increase is determined from the

past decades and the average of that increment is added to the average
arithmetic increase. This method gives increased values compared to the
figures obtained by the arithmetical increase method.
Following table shows the projected population for future years by this
method;
Table No.-6.4: Population Projection by Incremental Increase Method
Year
Population

2011
154886

2021
187440

2031
226619

2041
272425

2045
297812

d) Graphical method

In this method, the population curve of the city (i.e., the population vs. past
decades) is smoothly extended for obtaining values for the future. The line of
best fit has been obtained by the method of least squares. Based on this
comparison, a graph of populations versus decades is plotted and
extrapolated.

25

Figure No 6.2

Population Projection by Graphical Method

3000

in Hundreds

POPULATION ( Nos)

3500

2500
2000
1500
1000
500

2041

2031

2021

2011

2001

1991

1981

1971

1961

year

Population Forecast as per Master Plan

Town Planning Department has prepared master plan for the town for the
year 2031 and defined the future land use plan along with the urban limits for
the planning horizon year. The master plan has also estimated population for
future years as per table below;
Table No.-6.5: Future population as per Master Plan
S.No.

Year

1
2

2021
2031

Projected
Population
220000
312000

Table No.-6.6: Table Showing Comparison Of Population Forecast By Various Methods

Arithmetica
l
progression
Method

Geometrical
Progression
Method

Incrementa
l Increase
Method

Graphical
Projection
Method

Averag
e

154886

154886

154886

154886

154886

S.No

Year

Census
Population

2011

154886

2021

180814

220991

187440

195000

196062

2031

206742

315310

226619

243000

247918

2041

232670

449885

272425

295000

312495

2045

243041

518617

297812

320000

344868

26

Figure No 6.3 Figure showing Graphical Display of Population Forecast by Various

Methods

POPULATION PROJECTION BY VARIOUS METHODS

POPULATION ( Nos)

600000
500000
400000
300000
200000
100000

Airthmatical

Geometrical

Graphical

Average

2046

2041

2036

year

2031

2026

2021

2016

2011

Incremental, Increase

POPULATION PROJECTION BY VARIOUS METHODS

POPULATION ( Nos)

600000
500000
400000
300000
200000
100000

Airthmatical

Geometrical

Graphical

Average

2046

2041

2036

year

2031

2026

2021

2016

2011

Incremental, Increase

While designing for augmentation of the bulk water system under Part I of
the augmentation project for UWSS Kishangarh, Population projections been
carried out by PHED are as below.

27

Table No.-6.7: Population Projections by PHED

Year

2021

2031

2041

2045

Population

188623

226995

270750

289967

6.2 FINAL PROPOSED POPULATION FOR THE TOWN FOR VARIOUS

DESIGN HORIZONS

Whereas the population estimate adopted for design of bulk water system by
PHED is on lower side looking to the development potential of the town but
the forecast population indicated in the master plan is on higher side. It is
proposed to adopt the future population figures arrived at by average method
calculated in Table No 11, as below;
Table No.-6.8: Final Population Projections Adopted
S.No.

Year

Population

1
2
3
4
5

2011
2021
2031
2041
2045

154886
196062
247918
312495
344868

6.3 WARD WISE POPULATION AS PER LAST CENSUS &PROJECTIONS FOR

DIFFERENT DESIGN HORIZONS

The following table shows the ward wise population for the year 2031,
2041& 2045 and has been estimated adopting suitable growth rates. The
growth rate for wards having highest densities in the core area has been taken
lower & higher for the wards having lower densities. The geographical
spread of town for the year 2045 has been considered as the master plan
boundary for the year 2031. We have chosen the master boundary of 2031 as
the project boundary for 2045 considering that the area available for
population growth is sufficient to accommodate up to population of 6 lacs,
even while choosing the lowest density figure indicated in the master plan for
the respective areas

28

Table No.-6.9: Ward Wise Population Projection and Population Density

S. No.

Ward no.

POPULATION
2011

WARD
AREA
TOTAL
HECTARE

AVERAGE
DENSITY

YEAR-2031

YEAR-2041

YEAR2045

POPULATION

POPULATI
ON

POPULAT
ION

Ward - 1

5749

192.72

30

9058

13105

14454

Ward - 2

6512

118.17

55

9335

12172

13235

Ward - 3

4580

26.39

174

6254

7257

7468

Ward - 4

3329

11.14

299

4100

4512

4423

Ward - 5

2416

9.51

254

3110

3424

3357

6
7

Ward - 6
Ward - 7

4027
4533

17.4
37.33

231
121

5168
6197

6003
7428

6177
7653

Ward - 8

3825

27.54

139

5205

6252

6444

Ward - 9

7951

130.51

61

11430

15009

16314

10

Ward - 10

4043

112.93

36

6437

8470

9373

11

Ward - 11

3913

23.61

166

5336

6186

6375

12

Ward - 12

2760

46.83

59

3981

5198

5666

13

Ward - 13

2407

11.56

208

3098

3595

3699

14

Ward - 14

1990

12.08

165

2718

3153

3250

15

Ward - 15

2040

9.54

214

2624

3043

3139

16

Ward - 16

3194

77.22

41

5019

6564

7259

17

Ward - 17

2410

16.11

150

3286

3818

4105

18

Ward - 18

2426

9.22

263

3126

3439

3375

19

Ward - 19

2249

11.56

195

2948

3422

3526

20

Ward - 20

3396

25.5

133

4641

5559

5738

21

Ward - 21

3673

108.73

34

5763

7502

8263

22

Ward - 22

4357

61.25

71

6248

7473

8146

23

Ward - 23

5149

41.83

123

7069

8491

8742

24

Ward - 24

4053

56.5

72

5820

7006

7628

25

Ward - 25

3263

12.5

261

4200

4625

4538

26

Ward - 26

1991

4.73

421

2322

2346

2251

27

Ward - 27

3815

36.19

105

5211

6261

6442

28

Ward - 28

2212

4.07

543

2580

2605

2499

29

Ward - 29

3468

19.36

179

4743

5498

5672

30

Ward - 30

3097

17.57

176

4234

4920

5060

31

Ward - 31

4573

96.84

47

6779

8909

9781

32

Ward - 32

2765

22.84

121

3769

4522

4659

33

Ward - 33

2830

7.75

365

3426

3767

3619

34

Ward - 34

2771

56.67

49

4080

5327

5837

35

Ward - 35

2885

6.525

442

3360

3393

3256

36

Ward - 36

3420

477.35

5251

7638

8592

37

Ward - 37

2271

11.77

193

2978

3449

3555

29

S. No.

Ward no.

POPULATION
2011

WARD
AREA
TOTAL
HECTARE

AVERAGE
DENSITY

YEAR-2031

YEAR-2041

YEAR2045

POPULATION

POPULATI
ON

POPULAT
ION

38

Ward - 38

2178

7.85

277

2677

2944

2889

39

Ward - 39

2323

8.12

286

2866

3151

3086

40

Ward - 40

2575

18.26

141

3524

4236

4364

41

Ward - 41

3569

29.88

119

4900

5886

6066

42

Ward - 42

3257

120.18

27

5048

7331

8052

43

Ward - 43

2877

72.82

40

4515

5898

6481

44

Ward - 44

3164

408.7

4904

6948

7765

45

Ward - 45

4600

181.72

25

7087

10358

11812

154886

2816.875

216425

268093

284085

Subtotal
46

K1

NA

238.39

NA

3337

4768

6437

47

K2

NA

109.02

NA

1417

1962

2726

48

K3

NA

59.13

NA

769

1064

1478

49

K4

NA

140.77

NA

1971

2815

3801

50

K5

NA

180.76

NA

2531

3615

4881

51

K6

NA

158.9

NA

2225

3178

4290

52

K7

NA

227.6

NA

3186

4552

6145

53

K8

NA

NA

54

K9

NA

396.82

NA

5952

8333

11508

55

K10

NA

NA

56

K11

NA

95.14

NA

1237

1713

2379

57

K12

NA

270.16

NA

4052

5673

7835

58

K13

NA

256.89

NA

3853

5395

7450

59

K14

NA

74.11

NA

963

1334

1853

Subtotal

2207.69

31493

44402

60783

Total

154886

5024.565

247918

312495

344868

30

PROJECT DESIGNS
GENERAL

Under this project, interventions proposed are related to improvement of

distribution system infrastructure and service delivery improvement. The
objective is to improve the pressure and duration of water supply and convert
the intermittent water supply to 24x7 water supply and to bring the NRW
below 15% level.
a. ZONING
For effective water distribution, the project area is suitably sub divided into
hydraulic zones. Each hydraulic zone is fed by an Elevated Service
Reservoir. Generally, the zoning of water distribution systems is governed by
following;
Natural Physical barriers such as rivers, Nallahs, hill ranges etc.
Manmade Physical barriers such as Highways, Railway Lines, Canals
etc
Other factors may be population density, land use, type of construction,
standards of living etc.
The geographical proximity and comparative ground level vis--vis the
ground level of serving OHSR.
For existing Service Reservoirs, the existing hydraulic zones of these existing
service reservoirs are marked considering the extent of connected pipe
network. Then these zones are delineated considering the capacity of OHSR
and water demand of serving area. New hydraulic zones are created in the
areas which are far-off from existing OHSRs or which are not covered with
existing pipe network.
A town map showing different hydraulic zones is available on next page;

31

The town map with zone boundaries is overlapped with ward boundaries and
a matrix is developed showing each zone covering a percentage of certain
ward. Based on this matrix the contributing population & water demand for
year 2031 and 2045 is calculated. The zone & ward matrix of town is as
follows;

32

Table 7.1 Wards & Hydraulic Zone Matrix

S.
No.

Hydraulic
Zones

Ward no.

WARD
AREA
TOTAL
HECTARE

Discounted
Area

Net Area

Area
discounted
from ward
under
hydraulic
zone

Area
Considered
under
hydraulic
zone

Percen
tage
area
consid
ered

Masaniya
Balaji

Ward - 36

440

134.3

305.7

183.7

122

40%

K14

74.11

74.11

74.11

100%

Ward - 35

6.525

6.525

4.5

2.025

31%

Ward - 36

440

134.3

305.7

265.7

40

13%

Ward - 37

11.77

11.77

10.27

1.5

13%

Ward - 38

7.85

7.85

7.85

100%

Ward - 39

8.12

8.12

8.12

100%

Ward - 40

18.26

18.26

18.26

100%

Ward - 32

22.84

22.84

22.84

100%

Ward - 33

7.75

7.75

7.75

100%

Ward - 34

56.67

56.67

56.67

100%

Ward - 35

6.525

6.525

2.025

4.5

69%

Ward - 37

11.77

11.77

1.5

10.27

87%

Ward - 29

19.36

19.36

19.36

100%

Ward - 31

96.84

96.84

19.368

77.472

80%

Ward - 16

77.22

77.22

46.332

30.888

40%

Ward - 30

17.57

17.57

17.57

100%

Ward - 27

36.19

36.19

32.571

3.619

10%

Ward - 31

96.84

96.84

77.472

19.368

20%

Ward - 20

25.5

25.5

19.3

6.2

24%

Ward - 24

56.5

56.5

16

40.5

72%

Ward - 25

12.5

12.5

12.5

100%

Ward - 26

4.73

4.73

4.73

100%

Ward - 27

36.19

36.19

3.619

32.571

90%

12.08

12.08

12.08

100%

Ward - 15

9.54

9.54

9.54

100%

Ward - 17

16.11

16.11

16.11

100%

Ward - 28

4.07

4.07

4.07

100%

Ward - 18

9.22

9.22

9.22

100%

Ward - 19

11.56

11.56

11.56

100%

Ward - 16

77.22

77.22

61.77

15.45

20%

Total
2

Bhairav
Ghat

Total
3

Bihari Pole

Total
4

Shivaji
Nagar

Total
5

Azad Nagar

Total
6

Dev
Dungari

Ward - 14

Total

33

S.
No.

Hydraulic
Zones

Ward no.

WARD
AREA
TOTAL
HECTARE

Discounted
Area

Net Area

Area
discounted
from ward
under
hydraulic
zone

Area
Considered
under
hydraulic
zone

Percen
tage
area
consid
ered

Chamdaghar

Ward - 1

192.72

192.72

177.5

15.22

8%

Ward - 2

118.17

118.17

104.67

13.5

11%

Ward - 3

26.39

26.39

10.99

15.4

58%

Ward - 4

11.14

11.14

11.14

100%

Ward - 5

9.51

9.51

7.71

1.8

19%

Ward - 43

72.82

25.5

47.32

35

12.32

26%

Ward - 43

72.82

25.5

47.32

12.32

35

74%

Ward - 44

408.7

408.7

348.7

60

15%

Ward - 45

181.72

181.72

137.52

44.2

24%

Ward - 41

29.88

29.88

29.88

100%

Ward - 42

120.18

120.18

120.18

100%

Ward - 16

77.22

77.22

46.332

30.888

40%

Ward - 36

440

134.3

305.7

162.7

143

47%

Ward - 1

192.72

192.72

123.34

69.38

36%

Ward - 2

118.17

118.17

13.5

104.67

89%

Ward - 3

26.39

26.39

15.4

10.99

42%

Ward - 7

37.33

37.33

24.83

12.5

33%

K7

310

310

207

103

33%

9.51

9.51

1.8

7.71

81%

Ward - 6

17.4

17.4

17.4

100%

Ward - 7

37.33

37.33

12.5

24.83

67%

Ward - 8

27.54

27.54

5.94

21.6

78%

Ward - 9

130.51

130.51

121.31

9.2

7%

Ward - 8

27.54

27.54

21.6

5.94

22%

Ward - 9

130.51

130.51

9.2

121.31

93%

K2

109.02

109.02

72.32

36.7

34%

Ward - 23

41.83

41.83

10.5

31.33

75%

Ward - 24

56.5

56.5

41.5

15

27%

Ward - 22

61.25

61.25

44.25

17

28%

Ward - 12

46.83

46.83

23.415

23.415

50%

Ward - 13

11.56

11.56

11.56

100%

Total
8

Sawatsar

Total
9

Indra
Colony

Total
10

Bajrang
Colony

Total
11

Brij Vihar

Ward - 5

Total
12

Maliyon Ki
Dhani

Total
13

Raja Reddy1

Total
14

Raja Reddy2

34

S.
No.

Hydraulic
Zones

Ward no.

WARD
AREA
TOTAL
HECTARE

Discounted
Area

Net Area

Area
discounted
from ward
under
hydraulic
zone

Area
Considered
under
hydraulic
zone

Percen
tage
area
consid
ered

Ward - 20

25.5

25.5

6.2

19.3

76%

Ward - 23

41.83

41.83

39.73

2.1

5%

Ward - 24

56.5

56.5

55.5

2%

Ward - 10

112.93

112.93

107.28

5.65

5%

Ward - 11

23.61

23.61

4.31

19.3

82%

Ward - 12

46.83

46.83

23.415

23.415

50%

Ward - 21

108.73

108.73

96.93

11.8

11%

Ward - 23

41.83

41.83

33.46

8.37

20%

Ward - 10

112.93

112.93

5.65

107.28

95%

Ward - 11

23.61

23.61

19.3

4.31

18%

K3

59.13

59.13

59.13

100%

K5

180.76

180.76

180.76

100%

K4

140.77

140.77

84.47

56.3

40%

K6

269.5

269.5

163.8

105.7

39%

Ward - 21

108.73

108.73

11.8

96.93

89%

Ward - 1

192.72

192.72

84.6

108.12

56%

Ward - 44

408.7

408.7

60

348.7

85%

Ward - 45

181.72

181.72

44.2

137.52

76%

K7

310

310

103

207

67%

K8

0%

Total
15

Raja Reddy3

Total
16

Parashiya

Total
17

Khoda
Ganesh

Total
18

Paryavarana
Park

Total
19

Airport Area

K1

238.39

238.39

238.39

100%

K2

109.02

109.02

36.7

72.32

66%

K4

140.77

140.77

56.3

84.47

60%

K6

269.5

269.5

197.75

71.75

27%

K9

396.82

396.82

396.82

100%

K10

0%

K11

95.14

95.14

95.14

100%

K12

270.16

270.16

270.16

100%

K13

256.89

256.89

100%

Total
Ward - 22

61.25

44.25

72%

Total
20

Purohiton
Ki Dhani

Total
21

K9 and K10

Total
22

23

K11, K12
and K13

Housing

256.89
0

35

61.25

17

S.
No.

24

Hydraulic
Zones

Ward no.

Board 1

Total

Housing
Board 2

K6
Total

WARD
AREA
TOTAL
HECTARE

Discounted
Area

Net Area

Area
discounted
from ward
under
hydraulic
zone

Area
Considered
under
hydraulic
zone

Percen
tage
area
consid
ered

269.5

269.5

177.45

92.05

34%

The water demand for different hydraulic zones based on this matrix comes to be as
follows;
Table 7.2- Water Demand of Hydraulic Zones
S. No.

Hydraulic Zones

Masaniya

Bhairav Ghat

Bihari Pole

Shivaji Nagar

Azad Nagar

Dev Dungari

Ward no.
Ward - 36
K14
Total
Ward - 35
Ward - 36
Ward - 37
Ward - 38
Ward - 39
Ward - 40
Total
Ward - 32
Ward - 33
Ward - 34
Ward - 35
Ward - 37
Total
Ward - 29
Ward - 31
Ward - 16
Ward - 30
Total
Ward - 31
Ward - 20
Ward - 24
Ward - 25
Ward - 26
Ward - 27
Total
Ward - 14
36

YEAR-2031

YEAR-2045

Total Water Demand (KLD)

509.32
833.39
154.77
297.81
664.09
1131.20
170.86
165.58
91.08
149.03
64.68
77.21
430.24
464.31
460.61
495.97
566.36
701.37
1783.84
2053.46
605.74
748.78
550.61
581.63
655.73
938.10
373.89
362.32
418.16
499.18
2604.13
3130.01
762.28
911.59
873.52
1260.35
326.92
472.83
680.47
813.22
2733.58
3569.72
225.58
325.47
80.50
99.53
564.51
739.88
675.01
729.33
373.19
361.78
754.48
932.71
2673.27
3188.70
436.82
522.33

S. No.

Hydraulic Zones

Chamdaghar

Sawatsar

Indra Colony

10

Bajrang Colony

11

Brij Vihar

12

Maliyon Ki Dhani

13

Raja Reddy-1

Ward no.
Ward - 15
Ward - 17
Ward - 28
Ward - 18
Ward - 19
Ward - 16
Total
Ward - 1
Ward - 2
Ward - 3
Ward - 4
Ward - 5
Ward - 43
Total
Ward - 43
Ward - 44
Ward - 45
Total
Ward - 41
Ward - 42
Ward - 16
Ward - 36
Total
Ward - 1
Ward - 2
Ward - 3
Ward - 7
K7
Total
Ward - 5
Ward - 6
Ward - 7
Ward - 8
Ward - 9
Total
Ward - 8
Ward - 9
K2
Total
Ward - 23
Ward - 24
Ward - 22
37

YEAR-2031

YEAR-2045

Total Water Demand (KLD)

421.72
504.49
528.11
659.74
414.65
401.62
502.40
542.42
473.79
566.68
167.08
241.64
2944.57
3438.92
157.12
250.71
384.99
545.82
590.22
704.80
658.94
710.84
98.18
105.98
193.65
277.97
2083.09
2596.13
617.22
885.99
207.28
328.19
408.40
680.68
1232.90
1894.87
787.51
974.90
811.30
1294.08
326.92
472.83
258.38
422.78
2184.11
3164.59
576.11
919.30
1203.42
1706.19
473.92
565.93
389.06
480.47
198.71
383.25
2841.23
4055.14
406.06
438.31
830.58
992.75
665.40
821.74
657.68
814.25
144.54
206.30
2704.27
3273.34
186.20
230.54
1708.63
78.00
1972.83
853.44
360.55
285.10

2438.72
150.05
2819.30
1055.42
472.55
371.70

S. No.

Hydraulic Zones

14

Raja Reddy-2

15

Raja Reddy-3

16

Parashiya

17

Khoda Ganesh

18

Paryavarana Park

19

Airport Area

20

Purohiton Ki Dhani

21

K9 and K10

22

K11, K12 and K13

23

Housing Board 1

Ward no.
Total
Ward - 12
Ward - 13
Ward - 20
Ward - 23
Ward - 24
Total
Ward - 10
Ward - 11
Ward - 12
Ward - 21
Ward - 23
Total
Ward - 10
Ward - 11
K3
Total
K5
K6
Ward - 21
Total
Ward - 1
Ward - 44
Ward - 45
K7
K8
Total
K1
K2
Total
K4
K6
Total
K9
K10
Total
K11
K12
K13
Total
Ward - 22
Total
38

YEAR-2031

YEAR-2045

Total Water Demand (KLD)

1499.08
1899.67
322.72
459.32
497.90
594.48
671.95
830.78
66.54
82.29
24.65
32.31
1583.76
1999.18
60.42
87.97
702.41
839.18
322.72
459.32
107.79
154.56
235.34
291.04
1428.67
1832.06
983.22
1431.69
162.72
194.42
123.59
237.53
1269.54
1863.64
406.77
784.45
142.17
274.11
826.58
1185.14
1503.87
2491.26
895.03
1428.21
712.81
1128.67
921.26
1535.48
368.97
711.66
0.00
0.00
2898.08
4804.02
536.31
1034.53
151.75
291.93
688.06
1326.46
191.20
368.71
97.52
188.02
288.71
556.74
956.58
1849.52
0.00
0.00
956.58
1849.52
198.81
382.34
651.22
1259.21
619.24
1197.33
1469.27
2838.89
727.91
949.03
727.91
949.03

S. No.
24

Hydraulic Zones
Housing Board 2

Ward no.
K6
Total

39

YEAR-2031

YEAR-2045

Total Water Demand (KLD)

124.23
239.53
124.23
239.53