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Chapter No.1
1 Difference between estimating and costing
2 Write a shortnote on Time Allowances in Estimating.
3 Give advantages of (1) Estimating (2) Costing
4 List the function of Estimating. Also give the qualities of an
Estimator
5 What can be the sources of errors in estimating?
6 Describe various costing methods.
7 What do you understand by a realistic estimate? Explain its
importance in production.
8 Explain marketing and cost consideration for pricing.
Chapter No.2
1 Explain Direct Materials and indirect Material and also explain
direct Labour and indirect Labour.
2 Explain Components of cost.
3 Explain Direct expenses and indirect expenses.
4 Explain fixed and variable overhead.
5 Explain all methods of on-cost allocation.
Chapter No.3
1 Write short note on (1) Economic ordering quantity (2)
Economic Batch Quantity.
2 What is meant by following inventory terms:
1. Economic order quantity 2. Safety stock 3. Order point 4.
Lead Time
3 Explain the following terms relating to materials : (1)Minimum
stock level (2) Maximum stock level (3) Reorder level
4 What is the Economic Order Quantity? Derive the formula for
the Economic Order Quantity.
5 Determine the Economic Order Quantity for a product whose
average daily consumption rate is 80 units. The cost of each
unit is Rs. 0.50 and the inventory carrying charge is Rs. 0.20.
The cost of placing and receiving order is Rs. 0.10 Assuming

total working days in a year as 300, Obtain the annual

inventory capital also.
A plant producing a line of hydraulic valves can supply the
factory warehouse at the rate of 750 per month. The
warehouse ships 3000 valves per year at a unit selling price
of Rs. 250. Considering the plants ordering and set up cost of
Rs. 300 and the inventory carrying cost rate of 20%. What
quantities should the warehouse order from the plant?
A factory is manufacturing hubs in batches. The following
details are available:
Cost of setting machine and tools = Rs. 1400, Annual
rate of interest , depreciation etc. =18%, Consumptions of
parts in assembly shop = 120 per month, Processing each
hub takes 6 hours on the machine , Labour rate = Rs. 20 per
day of 8 hours, Material cost = Rs. 5 per kg. Weight of each
hub=4 kg. Overhead on each item is allocated at 120% of the
prime cost.
Find out (1) Economic batch size for machining, and (2)
Duration of machine run, assuming that the machine machine
loading factor is about 90%

Chapter No.4
1 Definitions:
1. Wages
2. Nominal wages
3. Real wages
4. Living wages
5. Fair wages
6.
Minimum wages
2 State Methods of wage payment and write its advantages and
disadvantages
3 Explain types of incentives.
4 Explain methods of financial incentives payment in detail.
Chapter no.5

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Explain Procedure of Estimating of Material Cost.

What is Depreciation? Discuss various causes of depreciation.
Explain the following methods of calculating Depreciation.
(1) Straight Line Method (2) Diminishing Balance Method (3)
Machine-Hour Basis Method (4) The Sum of the Years Digit
Method
What is Break Even Analysis? List out the Assumptions,
Advantages, Limitations and Applications of Break Even
Analysis.
Fixed costs of a firm are estimated as Rs. 5 lacs. The firm is
selling a product manufactured by it at a rate of Rs. 50 per
item. The variable cost/unit is estimated as Rs.25 Determine
the Break Even Point in terms of units and in terms of sales
value.
A lathe is purchased for Rs. 8000 and the assumed life is 10
years and scrap value Rs. 2000. If the depreciation is charged
by Diminishing Balance Method. Calculate the percentage by
which value of the lathe is reducing every year and
depreciation fund after 2 years.

Chapter No.6
1 What do you know about statistical estimating?
2 What do you know about Mensuration?
3 Explain purpose and functions of estimating
Chapter No.7
1 Discuss about the estimation of time on following operations
to be performed on lathe
(1) Turning (2) knurling (3) Facing (4) Drilling (5) Boring (6)
Reaming
(7) Threading (8) Tapping,
2 Discuss about the estimation of time on following operations
(1) Milling (2) Shaping (3) Grinding
3 Estimate the machining time to turn a M.S. Bar of 3 cm
diameter down to 2.5 cm for a length of 10 cm in a single cut.
Assume cutting speed= 30 m/min. And feed = 0.4 mm/rev.
4 Find the time required to drill 6 holes in a casted flange each

of 1 cm depth, if the hole diameter is 1.5 cm. Assume cutting

speed as 20 m/min and feed as 0.02 cm/rev.
Estimate the milling time to cut 60 teeth on a Gear blank 60
mm thick, feed 35 mm/ minute and take overall set up time
as 10 minutes.
Find the time required for doing rough grinding of a 15 cm
long steel shaft to reduce its diameter from 4 to 3.8 cm with
the grinding wheel of 2 cm face width. Assume cutting speed
as 15 m/min. And depth of cut as 0.25 mm.
A C.I. rectangular block of 10 cm x 3 cm is required to be
shaped to reduce the thickness from 1.5 to 1.3 cm in one cut.
Determine the time required for shaping, if cutting speed is
20 m/min and feed 0.2 mm/stroke and the cutting time ratio is
3/5.
Find out the time for threading on a 3 cm diameter spindle for
a length of 10 cm by single point tool, if 3 threads per cm are
to be cut and speed of spindle is 66 rpm. Assume suitable
approach and overtake for the tool.
A slot is to be made on a milling machine with the help of the
cutter, revolving at 120 rpm. Find the time required to prepare
the slot in two cuts, if it is 2 cm deep and 10 cm long with a
cutter of 8 cm diameter. Assume the feed as 0.5
mm/revolution.

Chapter No.8
1 SHEET METAL SHOP
Explain Different Operations In sheet Metal Shop.
2 We are required to make B.P sheet containers with open top
size 0.25 m and height 0.5.the size of B.P. Sheet available is
2.3m * 1m. Find out how many maximum containers can be
made of it.
3 A container open side of size 0.5m * 0.5 m * 1m height is to
be made from plates of 6mm thickness. Take density of plate
metal as 8gm/c.c and joints are to be welded. Estimate the
cost of containers from the following data:

Cost of plate=
= Rs. 4.00/kg
Sheet metal scrap
= 5% OF MATERIAL
Cost of labour
= 10% of material cost
Cost of welding material = Rs. 5per meter weld
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Cylindrical drum of size 1.5 m high and 1 m mean diameter

are to be fabricated from sheet of 5mm thickness by grooved
seam joint and both the cover should be joined with single
seam joint. Calculate the material cost, if sheet is available at
Rs.150 per m2.
6. A steel 10m long and 0.6 m dia. is to be fabricated from
M.S plate of 1.0cm thickness. Estimate cost if:
a. M.s plate of size 2m * 1m are available at the rate of Rs.
270
b. Cost of rolling is 10% of material cost.
c. Overhead charges 10% of material cost.
FROGING SHOP
Explain Hand Forging And Machine Forging.
Explain Forging operations.
We are required to prepare a hexagonal bolt of 15mm dia. and
25 cm length from a bar stock of 1.8cm dia. Calculate the
length of the bar stock required and also give the sequence of
the length of the bar stock required and also give the
sequence of operations for forging the above bolt.
A square bar of 3cm side and 25cm length is to be converted
bt hand-forging into a bar of hexagonal section having each
side equal to 1.5 cm. Calculate the length pf hexagonal bar
produced; consider scale loss to bo 7%.
Estimate the length and weight of 1cm dia. stock required to
hand forge 200 rivet of dim. given in Fig. 13.5. Assume
density of material as 8gm/cc.
WELDING SHOP
Explain types of welding joints.
Give the main Elements of gas welding jobs.

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Explain factors affecting welding cost.

Estimate the time required for making an open tank of size
40*40*40 cm by gas welding. Size of the sheet used is
50*40*0.3 cm. Welding is to be inner sides only. Assume
fatigue allowance to be 5%.
Calculate (a) cost of cutting a V-groove with gas, (b) welding
two 1 m long m.s. pieces of 8 mm thickness. If cost of O 2 Rs.
10.00/m3; cost of c2h2 R.s 50/m3; cost of filler rod-R.s 12
per kg: labour charges are R.s1.80 per hr; and 600 V-grove for
welding.
A lap joint is to be prepared from 9.5 mm wild steel flat
welding position and 6mm electrode. Current used is
250amps and voltage 30 volts, welding speed is 12 mts/hr,
and 0.34 kg of metal is deposited per meter length of joints.
Lobour cost R.s 2.5/hour, power-R.s 0.20/kWh and electrode
R.s 40/kg. Efficiency of the machine is 50% and operation
factor is 60%. Calculate the cost of labour, power and
electrode per meter of weld.

Chapter No.9
1 What is Budget? Give its objectives.
2 Give the requirements of Budget.
Explain the purpose of Budgetary control and show its
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advantages to a large scale manufacturing concern.
In which way can budgetary control be regarded as a
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scientific technique?
What is production budget? Explain how it is prepared and
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operated?
6 What is Master budget? What are its components?
7 Define and explain briefly.
1. Sales budget 2. Materials budget
3. labour budget 3. Overhead budget
8 What is budgetary control and how is it exercised?
Chapter No.10

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What is a contract? What are objectives of contract?

Explain basic elements of a contract in detail
Explain different types of contracts.
Enumerate duties and rights of seller and buyer in contracts.