UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND COMPUTING - DCE

LABORATORY EXERCISE IN CENG 322

JUNE-JULY 2016

FLUID MECHANICS

SOLVED/SUBMITTED BY:
NEIL JOHN B. CENA

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. JUANITO SEBASTIAN

Laboratory Exercise No. 1

General Properties of Fluids and of Water

Definition of terms:
Viscosity is a property of fluid which determines the amount of resistance to each
shearing stress.
Mass density the ratio of the weight to the gravitational force.
Unit weight weight of a unit volume of a fluid.
Specific weight the weight of the fluid contained in a unit volume
Weight the earths gravitational pull upon a body.
Mass the quantitative measure of the amount of matter in a given body
Specific gravity the dimensionless ratio of the specific weight
Specific volume the volume per unit of mass of fluid
Problem No. 1
A volume of 450 lit of a certain fluid weighs 3.50 KN. Compute the mass
density. ( 1 m

Problem No. 2

= 1000 lit).

Compute the number of watts which are equivalent to one horsepower.

( 1HP= 550 ft-lb/sec; 1W= 107 dynes-cm/sec; 1lb= 444800 dynes)

Problem No. 3

A city of 6000 population has an average total consumption per person per
day of 100 gallons. Compute the daily total consumption of the city in cubic meter
per second. (1

ft

= 7.48 gallons)

Laboratory Exercise No. 2

Hydrostatic pressure on surfaces

Definition of terms:
Pressure is defined as the amount of surface force exerted by a fluid on any
boundary it is in contact with.
Pressure Head is the height of a column of homogeneous liquid of unit weight
what will produce an intensity of pressure.
Problem No. 1
A vertical rectangular gate 1.5 m wide and 3 m high is submerged in water
with its top edge 2 m below the water surface. Find the total pressure acting on one
side of the gate and its location from the bottom.

Problem No. 2

A steel pipe having a diameter of 15 cm and a wall thickness of 9.5 mm has

an allowable stress of 140000 KPa. What is the maximum internal pressure in the
pipe?

Problem No. 3

A cylindrical container 8 m high and 3 m in diameter is reinforced with two

hoops 1 m from each end. When it is filled with water, what is the tension in each
hoop due to water?

Laboratory Exercise No. 3

Relative equilibrium of liquids

Definition of terms:
Relative equilibrium a condition in which the entire mass, including the vessel,
is neither in equilibrium nor at rest relative to the earth.
Problem No. 1
An open cylindrical vessel having a height equal to its diameter is half-filled
with a water and revolved about its own vertical axis with a constant angular speed
of 120 rpm. Find its minimum diameter so that there can be no liquid spilled.

Problem No. 2
Car traveling on a horizontal road has a rectangular cross section, 6m long by
24 m wide by 1.5 m high. If the car is half full of water, what is the maximum
acceleration if can undergo without spilling any water?

Laboratory Exercise No. 4

Fundamentals of fluid flow

Definition of terms:
Path lines the path followed by a moving particle.

Stream tube is a small bundle of path line.

Laminar flow when the path if individual particles do not cross or intersect.
Turbulent flow the individual particles intersect each other.
Contineous flow when at any instant, the number of particle passing every
cross-section of the stream is the same.
Steady flow when the discharge Q passing a given x-section is constant with
time.
Unsteady flow if the Q at the cross-section varies with time.
Uniform flow if with steady flow in any length or reach of a stream, the average
weight at every cross-section is the same.
Discharge the volume of fluid passing a cross-section of a stream in unit time is
Q.
Energy is defined as an ability to do work
Head is the ability of a mass to do work
Problem No. 1
The jet of water from a nozzle discharging into the air has a diameter of 6 in
and a mean velocity of 120 ft/sec. a.) Compute the velocity head b.) and the
horsepower. c.) determine the discharge Q

Problem No. 2
What is the rate of flow of water passing through a pipe with a pipe with a
diameter of 20 mm and speed of 0.5 m/sec?

Problem No. 3
Oil flows from a tank through 150 m of 150 mm diameter pipe and then
discharges into air as shown in the Figure. If the head loss from point 1 to point 2 is
600 mm, determine the pressure needed at point 1 to cause 17 lit/sec of oil to flow.

Laboratory Exercise No. 5

Orifice, tubes, weirs

Definition of terms:
Orifice is an opening with a closed perimeter through which a fluid flows for the
purpose of measuring or controlling the flow

Weirs an overflow structure built across an open channel for the purpose of the
measuring the flow.
Coefficient of discharge is the ratio of the actual discharge through the device
to the theoretical velocity which would occur without losses.
Coefficient of velocity is the ratio of the actual mean velocity to the theoretical
velocity which would occur without losses.
Coefficient of contraction is the ratio of the actual area of the contracted
section of the stream or jet to the area of the opening through which the fluid flows.
Problem No. 1
Calculate the discharge through the 140-mm diameter orifice shown. Assume
C=0.62.

Problem No. 2
A 50-mm diameter circular sharp-edged orifice at the side of a tank
discharges water under a head of 3 m. If the coefficient of contraction

C c = 0.63

and the head lost 240 mm, Compute the discharge and the coefficient of velocity

Cv

and discharge C.

Problem No. 3
Determine the discharge of water over a 60 degrees triangular weir if the
measured head is a.) 0.623 ft b.) 1.15 ft.

Problem No. 4
A rectangular supressed weir of length 1 m is constructed or cut at the top of
a tall rectangular tank having a horizontal section 20 m by 20 m. If the initial head
over the weir is 1 m, compute the time required to discharge 72 cu. m. of water.

Laboratory Exercise No. 6

Fluid flow in pipes

Definition of terms:
Pipes are closed conduits through which fluids or gasses flows.
Reynolds Number is the dimensionless ratio of the inertia force to viscous force.
Problem No. 1

What commercial size if new cast iron pipe shall be used to carry 4490 gpm
with a

hf

of 10.56 ft/mile? Assume f= 0.019

Problem No. 2
Determine the discharge of water through a 5 cm wrought iron pipe if the
frictional loss is 80 KPa per 30 m of pipe.

Problem No. 3
A 20-mm diameter commercial steel pipe, 30 m long is used to drain an oil
tank. Determine the discharge when the oil level in the tank is 3 m above the exit of
the pipe. Neglect minor losses and assume f= 0.12

Laboratory Exercise No. 7

Flow in open channels

Definition of terms:
Open channel is one in which the stream is not completely enclosed by solid
boundaries and therefore has a free surface subjected only to atmospheric pressure.
Wetted perimeter is the curve of intersection of its wetted surface with a crosssectional plane.
Hydraulic Radius is defined as the ratio of the flow area to the wetted perimeter
of the section.
Problem No. 1
Determine the uniform flow through a trapezoidal concrete lined canal having
side slope of 3H to 4V and bottom width of 2 m if the depth of flow is 2 m. The
channel is laid on a slope of 3 m per 2 kilometer. Use n=0.013.

Problem No. 2
Water flows in a triangular V-notch steel channel, with vertex angle of 60
degrees, at a velocity of 1.2 m/s. Find the normal depth of flow if the channel is laid
on a slope of 0.0017. Use n=0.014

Problem No. 3
What would be the probable depth of flow of a river 100 m wide carrying 280
cu.m./sec with a slope of 0.00028 and n= 0.0040?

Laboratory Exercise No. 8

Hydraulic Jump
Definition of terms:
Hydraulic Jump is an abrupt increase in depth of rapidly flowing water. It is only
means by which the depth of flow can change from less than critical to greater than
critical to a uniform channel.
Problem No. 1
A spillway 1.5 m deep goes over a dam 30 m high. Using a weir factor

Cw

of 1.92, determine; a.) the depth of flow at the root of the spillway and after the
jump, b.) the velocity of flow after the jump, c.) the energy after the jump, and d.)
the head loss in the jump.