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Iteration process:
We
QVM:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
would consider QVM (Quarter Vehicle Model) for ride analysis for ease of calculations.Parameters on a
Ride frequency- f (Hz)
Ride constant- Km
Critical damping coefficient- C
Spring rate- Ks (N/mm)
Damper damping constant- Cd
Spring travel- X (mm)
Ground clearance- c (mm)
Front Half:
f
Km
M.R.
Ks
X
Force
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
12.626
0.78
12.736
0.79
12.846
0.800
12.956
0.810
20.028
152.4
2711.38
20.028
152.4
2677.05
20.028
152.4
2643.59
20.028
152.4
2610.95
Table 1
Rear Half:
F
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
Km
14.626
14.771
14.916
15.062
M.R.
0.78
0.79
0.8
0.81
Ks
23.29
23.29
23.29
23.29
160
160
160
160
Force
2892.231
2855.620
2855.552
2785.111
Table 2
For Diving:
Longitudinal Deceleration= 0.8g= 7.848 m/s2
Dynamic load transfer= (m*a*h)/W
= (120*6.95*0.381)1.6
=198.196 N
Pitch centre has been considered on the ground.
Spring travel= LT/ Ks
=198.196/20.028
= 9.89mm
Ks
Kt
Roll (Deg)
0.381
0.381
0.381
0.381
0.381
0.381
0.381
20028.281
20028.281
20028.281
20028.281
20028.281
20028.281
20028.281
10765.022
10765.022
10765.022
10765.022
10765.022
10765.022
10765.022
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
121.9861
127.7949
133.6038
139.4126
145.2215
151.0304
156.839
Table 3
Ks
Kt
Roll (Deg)
0.381
0.381
0.381
0.381
0.381
0.381
23292.74
23292.74
23292.74
23292.74
23292.74
23292.74
14731.308
14731.308
14731.308
14731.308
14731.308
14731.308
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
193.53
193.53
193.54
193.54
193.55
193.55
Table 4
SUSPENSION:
The main objective of suspension system is to provide comfort to the driver over rough terrain, to keep the
vehicle stable over bumps and ensure that carriage underside has sufficient clearance. The suspension has to be capable
of absorbing shocks upto speed of 60kmph.
Front suspension:
Double wishbone suspension was chosen at the front for the following reasons.
1)It gives greater wheel travel than other types of suspension.
2) The A arms are easy to manufacture and it requires less time. This leaves plenty of time for testing after
manufacture.
3) It is light in weight.
D=84mm, d=10mm
k= 20.028 N/mm2
Length= 527.18mm
Design iterations:
The following parameters were assumed constant during designing of the spring. Maximum compression-6
inches, material-Tata steel (Grade 2), Spring Index (C)=8.4, Modulus of rigidity(G)=81370MPa.
Force calculation :
The max.force on spring will be observed when the car lands from a height of 0.75m.
Thus vel. of landing = 4.69 m/s
Force=ma= 300*4.69 = 1409.44 N
Reaction force = 706.32 N
Therefore total F on wheel = 2227.77 N
Now iterating for various spring locations, angles and wishbone lengths.
Wishbone Length (mm)
Spring Mount (mm)
Spring Angle
(deg)
Spring Force
(Fs)(N)
Wire Diameter (d)(mm)
Wheel Travel
(mm)
Stiffness
(k)
(N/mm)
Table 5
527.18
296.26
527.18
296.26
527.18
296.26
59
60
61
3083.868
3052.327
3022.3395
10
12
157.48
157.48
157.48
17.00
16.36
15.74
Rear suspension:
Semi-trailing armshave been chosen for the rear. Last year MacPherson was used. However due to
concerns about higher mounting requirement it was discarded.
It has been replaced with Semi-trailing arm which has following advantages
1) Appropriate camber rate change
2) Simplest construction among all suspensions
3) Cost effective
4) No danger of impact with transmission shaft
5) Not prone to damage due to rough terrain.
Sweep Angle- 10
Fig.3: Rear Suspension
Calculation:
Reaction F = 735N
F impact = 1031N
Total force= 1766
Max compression = 6in = 154.2
Static compression = 9.8 mm = 0.4in
Trailing arm
Length
(mm)
Spring
Mount (mm)
Spring angle
(Deg)
Table 6
514.38
514.38
514.38
411.504
411.504
411.504
49
50
51
Fig.4: Knuckle