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E = h =
H atom
n
hc
R hc
= H2
n
3
1 mL = 1 cm
h = 6.626x10 34 J s
PO43
c = 2.9998x10 8 m s 1
CH3CO2
CN
NO2
NO3
SO32
SO42
CO32
N = 6.022x10 23 mol 1
RH = 1.097x10 7 m 1
2A
3B
4B
5B
6B
7B
8B
8B
8B
1B
2B
3A
4A
5A
6A
7A
8A
2
He
1.008
4.003
Li
Be
10
Ne
6.939
9.012
10.81
12.01
14.01
16.00
19.00
20.18
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Na
Mg
Al
Si
Cl
Ar
22.99
24.31
19
20
21
22
Ca
Sc
Ti
39.10
40.08
44.96
37
38
39
Rb
Sr
85.47
26.98
28.09
30.97
32.07
35.45
39.95
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
47.90
50.94
52.00
54.94
55.85
58.93
58.71
63.55
65.39
69.72
72.61
74.92
78.96
79.90
83.80
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Zr
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
87.62
88.91
91.22
92.91
95.94
(99)
101.1
102.9
106.4
107.9
112.4
114.8
118.7
121.8
127.6
126.9
131.3
55
56
57
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
Cs
Ba
La
Hf
Ta
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Tl
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn
132.9
137.3
138.9
178.5
181.0
183.8
186.2
190.2
192.2
195.1
197.0
200.6
204.4
207.2
209.0
(209)
(210)
(222)
87
88
89
104
105
106
107
108
109
Fr
Ra
Ac
Unq
Unp
Unh
Uns
Uno
Une
(223)
226.0
227.0
(261)
(262)
(263)
(262)
(265)
(266)
23
Xe
1. All sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and ammonium (NH4+) salts are SOLUBLE.
2. All nitrate (NO3), acetate (CH3CO2), chlorate (ClO3), and perchlorate (ClO4) salts are SOLUBLE.
3. All chloride (Cl), bromide (Br), and iodide (I) salts are SOLUBLE -- EXCEPT those also containing: lead, silver, or mercury
(I) (Pb2+,Ag+, Hg2+) which are NOT soluble.
4. All sulfate (SO42-) salts are SOLUBLE - - EXCEPT those also containing: calcium, silver, mercury (I), strontium, barium, or lead
(Ca2+, Ag+, Hg22+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Pb2+) which are NOT soluble.
5. Hydroxide (OH) and oxide (O2) compounds are NOT SOLUBLE -- EXCEPT those also containing: sodium, potassium, or
barium (Na+, K+, Ba2+) which are soluble.
6. Sulfide (S2) salts are NOT SOLUBLE -- EXCEPT those also containing: sodium, potassium, ammonium, or barium (Na+, K+,
NH4+, Ba2+) which are soluble.
7. Carbonate (CO32) and phosphate (PO43) salts are NOT SOLUBLE -- EXCEPT those also containing: sodium, potassium, or
ammonium (Na+, K+, NH4+), which are soluble.
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
b) 11
c) 12
d) 13
e) 14
b) Co3CO3
c) Co3(CO3)2
d) Co2(CO3)3
e) CoCO3
b) RbI
c) CaBr2
d) CsCl
e) KBr
5. An argon ion laser emits light at 457.9 nm. What is the frequency of this radiation?
a) 6.547 1014 s1
b) 1.373 1011 s1
c) 1.527 1015 s1
d) 4.338 1019 s1
e) 2.305 1018 s1
6. The ____ of a photon of light is ____ proportional to its frequency and ____ proportional to its
wavelength.
a) amplitude, directly, inversely
b) velocity, directly, inversely
c) intensity, inversely, directly
7. Which of the following transitions in a hydrogen atom would emit the highest energy photon?
a) n = 1 to n = 2
b) n = 2 to n = 8
c) n = 3 to n = 2
d) n = 5 to n = 1
e) n = 6 to n = 5
d) n = 3, = 2, m = +2
e) n = 1, = 0, m = 0
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) 4 only
e) 1 and 2
d) [Ar]5d104s24p1
e) [Ne]3s23p1
11. Which 1+ ion has the ground state electron configuration [Kr]4d10?
a) Cd
b) Ag
c) Tc
d) Ru
e) Au
d) 6
e) 0
13. Place the following atoms in order of increasing atomic radii: K, Mg, Ca, and Rb?
a) K < Mg < Rb < Ca
b) K < Mg < Ca < Rb
c) K < Rb < Mg < Ca
15. Which of the following molecules or ions are isoelectronic: SO2, CO2, NO2+, ClO2?
a) SO2, NO2+, and ClO2
b) SO2 and NO2+
c) CO2 and NO2+
16. One resonance structure for OCN ion is drawn below. What is the formal charge on each atom?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
17. Use VSEPR to predict the electron-pair geometry and the molecular geometry of sulfur dioxide, SO2.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
b) 107
c) 90
d) 180
e) 120
d) double bond
e) the molecule doesnt exist
21. To form a molecule with a trigonal bipyramidal electron geometry, what set of pure atomic orbitals must
be mixed?
a) two s, six p, and two d
b) one s and three p
c) one s, three p, and one d
22. What is the molecular geometry around a central atom that is sp2 hybridized, has three sigma bonds, and
one pi bond?
a) trigonal-pyramidal
b) T-shaped
c) tetrahedral
d) trigonal-planar
e) bent
polar bonds
nonpolar molecule
linear molecular shape
sp hybridized
a) 1 only
b) 1 and 2
c) 3 and 4
d) 1, 2, and 3
e) 1, 2, 3, and 4
24. A molecular orbital that decreases the electron density between two nuclei is said to be ____.
a) bonding
b) hybridized
c) antibonding
d) nonpolar
e) pi-bonding
25. The following valence molecular orbital energy level diagram is appropriate for which one of the listed
species?
*2p
*2p
2p
2p
*2s
2s
a) B22
b) N22
c) O22
d) F22
e) C22
26. In the molecule 1-pentene, the carbon labeled 1 has what hybridization?
a) sp2
b) sp3
c) sp4
d) sp
e) sp3d
27. Referring to the molecules at right, which of the atom centers below is most
electron-deficient?
a) 7
b) 6
c) 3
d) 2
e) 1
28. Referring to the molecules at right, which of the atom centers below is most
electron-rich?
a) 7
b) 6
c) 4
d) 2
e) 1
29. When ethanol undergoes complete combustion, the products are carbon dioxide and water.
__ C2H5OH() + __ O2(g) __ CO2(g) + __ H2O(g)
What are the respective coefficients when the equation is balanced with the smallest whole numbers?
a) 2, 7, 4, 6
d) 1, 2, 1, 3
b) 1, 1, 1, 1
e) 2, 3, 4, 6
c) 1, 3, 2, 3
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) 1 and 2
e) 2 and 3
31. All of the following compounds are insoluble in water except ____.
a) AgI
b) CuS
c) BaSO4
d) Ca(ClO4)2
e) MgO
32. What is the net ionic equation for the reaction of aqueous calcium acetate and aqueous sodium
carbonate?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
b) HNO3
c) KOH
d) H2CO3
e) NH3
d) Cl
e) ClO
35. What is the oxidation number of each atom in sodium phosphate, Na3PO4?
a) Na = +1, P = +5, O = 2
b) Na = +1, P = 3, O = +2
c) Na = 1, P = +5, O = 2
d) Na = 0, P = 0, O = 0
e) Na = +1, P = 3, O = 2
37. If the same amount of energy in the form of heat is added to 5.00 g samples of each of the metals below,
which metal will undergo the largest temperature change?
Metal
Ag
Al
Cu
Fe
Mg
a) Cu
c) Fe
d) Ag
e) Mg
38. When 27.0 g of an unknown metal at 18.4 C is placed in 70.0 g H2O at 79.5 C, the water temperature
decreases to 76.8 C. What is the specific heat capacity of the metal? The specific heat capacity of water
is 4.184 J/gK.
a) 0.74 J/gK
b) 0.34 J/gK
c) 0.50 J/gK
d) 1.4 J/gK
e) 0.94 J/gK
39. The thermochemical equation for the combustion of benzene is shown below.
2 C6H6() + 15 O2(g) 12 CO2(g) + 6 H 2O(g)
rH = 3909.9 kJ/mol-rxn
What is the enthalpy change for the combustion of 12.5 g C6H6?
c) 626 kJ
e) 313 kJ
a) 2.44 104 kJ
d) 4.89 104 kJ
b) 1.22 104 kJ
40. Hydrazine, N2H4, is a liquid used as a rocket fuel. It reacts with oxygen to yield nitrogen gas and water.
N2H4() + O2(g) N2(g) + 2 H2O()
The reaction of 6.50 g N2H4 evolves 126.2 kJ of heat. Calculate the enthalpy change per mole of hydrazine
combusted.
a) 820. kJ/mol
c) 19.4 kJ/mol
e) 126 kJ/mol
b) 622 kJ/mol
d) 25.6 kJ/mol
c) 1182.1 kJ
d) 1648.4 kJ
rH = +160.9 kJ
rH = 285.8 kJ
rH = +288.6 kJ
e) +162.8 kJ
42. The standard molar enthalpy of formation of NH3(g) is 45.9 kJ/mol. What is the enthalpy change if 6.31
g N2(s) and 1.96 g H2(g) react to produce NH3(g)?
a) 43.7 kJ
b) 20.7 kJ
c) 10.3 kJ
d) 29.8 kJ
e) 65.6 kJ
43. If the volume of a confined gas is reduced to 1/2 the original volume while its temperature remains
constant, what change will be observed?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
44. The lid is tightly sealed on a rigid flask containing 4.20 L O2 at 27 C and 0.969 atm. If the flask is
heated to 81 C, what is the pressure in the flask?
a) 2.91 atm
b) 0.821 atm
c) 1.14 atm
d) 3.45 atm
e) 1.18 atm
45. A mass of 0.645 g of an unknown gas is introduced into an evacuated 1.50 L flask. If the pressure in the
flask is 0.764 atm at 96 C, which of the following gases might be in the flask? (R = 0.08206
Latm/molK)
a) C2H2
b) NH3
c) HCl
d) O2
e) N2O
46. Water can be decomposed by electrolysis into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. What mass of water must
decompose to fill a 5.00 L flask to a total pressure of 2.50 atm at 298 K with a mixture hydrogen and
oxygen? (R = 0.08206 Latm/molK)
2 H2O() 2 H2(g) + O2(g)
a) 6.14 g
b) 9.21 g
c) 35.3 g
d) 23.5 g
e) 13.8 g
47. Which of the following statements are postulates of the kinetic-molecular theory of gases?
1.
2.
3.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) 1 and 2
e) 1, 2, and 3
48. Place the following gases in order of increasing average velocity at 300 K: CO, Ne, O2, and N2O.
a) N2O < O2 < CO < Ne
b) CO = Ne = O2 = N2O
c) O2 < N2O < Ne < CO
49. Which of the following statements concerning real gases is/are CORRECT?
1.
2.
3.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) 2 and 3
e) 1, 2 and 3
c) 91
d) 111
e) 899
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51. An excellent answer from one of you:
Using HHO as a fuel wouldnt work because it uses water and produces water, which means its
really not using anything. You cant get something from nothing, which is basically what Klein is
trying to say he has done.
A bit more chemically: Energy is a state function, so as noted above, a reaction which proceeds
water -> x -> water has the same energetics as water -> water. Using heats of formation,
Hrxn = Hf(water) - Hf(water) = 0. You cant run a car two feet on zero energy. Its a scam.